七年級英語下冊 【知識梳理+培優(yōu)專練】 第八單元知識講解學案（附答案）

PAGE1授課學案一、重點詞組1、somethingtoeat一些吃的東西10、repeatmywords重復我的話2、sleeponmyknees睡在我的膝蓋上11、allthetime一直，總是3、holdsthinone’shand某人手里握著某物12、inthesun在陽光下4、teachsbtodosth教某人做某事13、weighupto40grams重大約40克5、witheyesopenwide睜大眼睛14、growup成長；長大成人6、buildmecampsoutofsticks用樹枝為我搭建營地15、makeanynoise發(fā)出任何噪音7、lookafter照顧16、brushherfur給她刷毛8、lookaroundforme四處找我17、sleepinabasket睡在籃子里9、takecareof照顧一、重點詞匯講解1.rudeadjective/ru?d/不禮貌的；粗魯?shù)模忠暗?；討厭的He'saveryrudeman.他這人很粗魯。He'sgotnomanners-he'srudetoeveryone.他這人很無禮——他對誰都很粗魯。2.feedverb/fi?d/1).給（人、團體或動物）提供食物；喂養(yǎng)2).（使）（嬰兒或動物）吃奶Iusuallyfeedtheneighbour'scatwhileshe'saway.鄰居不在家時，我經常替她喂貓。Let'sfeedthekidsfirstandhaveourdinnerafter.咱們先喂飽孩子，然后自己再吃飯吧。Doyoufeedyourchickenscorn?你給雞喂玉米嗎？3).為…提供食物；養(yǎng)活Thisamountofpastawon'tfeedtenpeople.這些意大利面不夠10個人吃。Feedtheworld/starving.養(yǎng)活全世界／饑餓的人。4)供給；供應；（尤指規(guī)律地或連續(xù)地）把…放進（機器或系統(tǒng)）Thevegetablesarefedintothemachineatthisend.蔬菜從這頭放進機器里。Severalsmallstreamsfeedintotherivernearhere.幾條小溪在附近匯流注入該河。troublenoun/?tr?b.?l/1).問題，困難，麻煩Thetroublestarted/beganwhenmyfathercametolivewithus.父親來和我們一起住之后麻煩就開始了。2).窘境，困境；險境He'sneverbeenintroublewithhisteachersbefore.他以前從來沒有受過老師的批評。Ihopeyouwon'tgetintotroublebecauseofwhatIsaidtoyourdad.我希望你不會因我對你爸爸說了那些話而受罰。3).缺陷；缺點Thetroublewiththiscarpetisthatitgetsdirtyveryeasily.這種地毯的缺點是易臟。Ron'stroubleisthathe'stooimpatient.羅恩的缺點是太沒有耐心。4).故障，毛病Theplanedevelopedenginetroubleshortlyaftertake-off.飛機起飛不久引擎就出現(xiàn)了故障。Theyhaveagoodreputationforbuildingreliabletrouble-freecars.他們制造的汽車耐用、無故障，口碑很好。agreeverbuk/??ɡri?/1).持相同意見；贊成，贊同AnnandIneverseemtoagree.安和我好像從來都沒有意見一致過。Iagreewithyouonthisissue.在這個問題上我贊同你的意見。2).對…一致同意；對…達成協(xié)議；批準；認可Theyagreednottotellanyoneaboutwhathadhappened.他們一致同意不把發(fā)生的事情告訴任何人。Wecouldn'tagreeonwhattobuy.我們無法就購買何種物品達成一致意見。3).（對建議或想法表示）同意，贊成，贊同Isuggestedthatweshouldmeet,andtheyagreed(=saidyes).我建議我們見面，他們也同意了。Thebankhasagreed(=iswilling)tolendme￡5,000.銀行同意貸給我5000英鎊。5.noisyadjectiveuk/?n??.zi/喧鬧的，嘈雜的anoisycrowdoffans一群喧鬧的球迷noisyneighbours吵鬧的鄰居Itwassonoisythatwecouldn'thearourselvesspeak.太吵了以至于我們聽不到自己在說什么。二、重要句型1、Bringmemylunch.把午餐給我?guī)怼?過去式brought)句中的bring的意思是“帶來，拿來”。Bring常后接雙賓語，即“bringsomebodysomething”或“bringsomethingtosomebody”。2、Icanfeedhercarrots.我能喂胡蘿卜給她吃.(過去式fed)句中feed的意思是“喂養(yǎng)，給予食物”。常見的短語有feedsomethingto...（把……喂給……），feedon...（以……為食）eg.Catsfeedonfish.貓以魚為食。3、Witheyesopenwide,hehuntswhenIhide.當我躲起來的時候，他睜大眼睛來找我。句中的介詞短語witheyesopenwide表示伴隨情況，在句中作狀語。它的結構是with+名詞或代詞（賓格）+分詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/不定式。如：Theteachercameinwithabookinhishand.老師手里拿著一本書進來了。4、He’dneverbarkorbite,andhedoesn’tliketofight.它從不叫，也不咬人，也不喜歡打斗。fight(fought)withsb.和某人打架haveafightwithsb.5、Iwilllookafterhimuntiltheend.我將照顧他一直到最后。lookafter……well=takegoodcareof……照顧好……句中until的意思是“直到……時候”，相當于till,但until比till更加正式，until多用于句首。not...till/until...直到……才……Shedidn’thearfromhersontilllastFriday.直到上星期五他才接到兒子的信。6、Goldfisharequietandeasytolookafter.金魚很安靜且容易照料?！爸髡Z+be+adj.todo”結構是英語中的一個重要句式，當這一句式里的主語是后面不定式的邏輯賓語時，它有一個同義句式：It+be+adj.+todosth.如：Englishiseasytolearn.=ItiseasytolearnEnglish.英語很好學。Thetextiseasytounderstand.=Itiseasytounderstandthetext.這課文很好理解。7、Agoldfishweighsabout40grams.一條金魚重約40克。weigh動詞，意為“重；承重；稱……的重量”。weighupto重達……weight名詞，意為“體重；重量”。如：What’stheweightofthewatermelon（西瓜）?這些西瓜多重？三.語法復習：=1\*ROMANI、形容詞形容詞是用來修飾名詞和代詞，表示人和或事物的性質、特征、狀態(tài)或屬性的詞。如：tired,boring,busy,beautiful,easy,difficult,exciting等。形容詞描述事物，作為修飾詞，形容詞常常放在名詞前。adj.+n.形容詞修飾名詞。如：Itwasawindyday.那是一個有風的天。Canyouhearastrangenoise?你能聽到一個奇怪的聲音嗎？2、形容詞描述事物，和系動詞一起用，形容詞常常放在系動詞后，系動詞+adj.形容詞作表語英語中的常見的連系動詞有：be,become,feel,get,grow,keep,look,seem,smell,sound,taste,turn等?？谠E：一be,二保持keep,stay三變become,turnget,五感官look,smell,feel,sound,taste,等。如：Sheishonestandhelpful.她誠實而又樂于助人。Thegardenlookssobeautiful.花園看起來很美。Theplansoundsgood.這個計劃聽起來很好。[拓展]多個形容詞修飾名詞時，其順序為：限定詞、數(shù)詞、描繪詞（大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色）、出處、材料性質、類別、名詞。如：afamousFrenchmedicalschool anexpensiveGermansportscar=2\*ROMANII、不定代詞1、someone/somebody,anyone/anybody,noone/nobody都是指代人的不定代詞，當我們不確定所談論的人的名字或者不需要提及他/她的名字時，就可以用這些不定代詞指代。=1\*GB3①someone/somebody可以用來表示：“一個未指明的或未知的”人，常用于肯定句。如：Somebodygaveyouaticketforthepopconcert.有人給了你一張流行音樂會的門票。=2\*GB3②anyone/anybody可以表示“任何人”或“不確定的某個人”。當表達第一種意思時，可用于肯定句；第二種意思意思則用于疑問句和否定句。如：Anyonewilltellyouwherethepostofficeis.誰都會告訴你郵局在哪兒。（任何一個人）=3\*GB3③noone/nobody意為“沒有人；沒有任何人”。noone常用于書面語，nobody在口語中常用。如：Nobodyknewwhattodo.誰也不知道該做什么。=4\*GB3④someone/somebody,anyone/anybody和noone/nobody都具有單數(shù)含義，因此后面要接單數(shù)謂語動詞。如：Someoneiswaitingforyouintheplayground.有人在操場上等你。=5\*GB3⑤它們可以有所有格形式，指代某個人所擁有的東西，相應的代詞一般也用單數(shù)。如：Idon’twanttowasteanyone’stime.我不想浪費任何人的時間。2、something,anything,nothing=1\*GB3①something,anything,nothing常指代物，代表我們不確定某樣東西或我們不需要提及名字的某樣東西。=2\*GB3②something用來表示“一個未指明的或未知的物”，常用于肯定句。如：Somethingisbetterthannothing.有總比沒有好。=3\*GB3③anything可以表示“任何東西/事情”或“不一定是哪一件東西/事情”。當表達第一種意思時，可用于肯定句；第二種意思則用于疑問句和否定句。如：Isthereanythinginthebag?袋子里有東西嗎？=4\*GB3④nothing表示否定含義。如：I’vegotnothingtosay.我沒有什么話可以說。=5\*GB3⑤形容詞修飾不定代詞時常位于其后，作后置定語。如：We’relookingforsomeonespecial.我們在尋找一個特殊的人。=6\*GB3⑥一般來說，something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句和疑問句：但在問話人認為對方確實需要某物或該做某事而希望得到肯定答復時，在問句中用something。如：Canyoudosomethingforme?Ireallyneedyourhelp.你能為我做件事嗎？我真的需要你的幫助。（某件很確定的事，而且希望對方能答應）Haveyougotanythinginteresting?你有沒有什么有趣的東西？（任何有趣的東西，而且不確定對方會有什么樣的答復）3.不定代詞+adj.作后置定語修飾不定代詞Thereisnothingwrongwithmycomputer.4.keep/make+賓語+adj.作賓語補足語eg.Weshouldkeeptheroomclean.四、易錯點1.takepartin&join&joinin1).takepartin指參加某種活動、比賽，并在其中起到一定作用，后面直接跟有關活動的名詞，相當于joinin。例句：Theywanttotakepartinthemusicfestival.他們想參加音樂節(jié)。2).join指參加某個組織或加入某團體并成為其中一員。例句：Hejoinedusfordinner.他和我們共進晚餐。3).joinin表示“加入，參與”某種活動，后常接名詞或v-ing形式。Shelistensbutsheneverjoinsinusintheconversation.她知識聽，但是沒有參與交談。2.end與finish1).end多指自然地“結束；終結;結尾”等。Whendidthemeetingend?會議何時結束的？2).finish：發(fā)出finish動作的往往是人,后面常跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。I'mjustfinishing.I'llcomesoon.快完了，我很快就來。Imustfinish(doing)myhomeworkfirst.我必須先把我的作業(yè)完成。課堂鞏固練習一、單項選擇()1.Mylittledogisthecleverestanimalall.A.inB.onC.atD.of()2.HeeatstoomuchfoodwatchestoomuchTV.A.never;andB.never;orC.doesn't;andD.doesn't;or()3.OurEnglishteacherlooks.Allofuslikehim.A.friendlyB.happilyC.quicklyD.quietly()4.－HowshouldIteachmydogtodoanytricks?－Well,youshouldbefirst,or(否則)hewillrunaway.A.rudeB.gentleC.shyD.sad()5.Mycatlikestounderthebed.Hedoesn'twantanyonetofindhim.A.holdB.catchC.carryD.hide()6.－Wouldyoupleasethenumber?Iwasn'tlistening.－OK.That's152-3517-1386.A.rememberB.repeatC.reportD.reply()7.－Wholivestogetherwithyourgrandmother？－.Shelivesalone.Iopengotoseeher.A.NobodyB.SomebodyC.AnybodyD.Everybody()8.－Whoyourpetdogswhileyouwereoutforaholiday?－Myneighbour，awarm-heartedwoman.A.putonB.lookedafterC.gaveupD.turnedoff()9.Weshouldbekindtotheoldandtakecarethemindailylife.A.ofB.forC.withD.about()10.－DofishsleepyIthinkthey'reswimmingaround.－Ofcoursetheysleep.Buttheysleepwiththeireyesopen.A.allthesameB.allthetimeC.atthattimeD.atthesametime二、完形填空AgiantpandaranawayfromthezooinLondon.Hewalkedandwalkedandbecame1.Hewalkedintoarestaurant，wherehefounda2atanemptytable.Thewaitertookthepanda'sorder.Afterhefinishedhisdinner,thepandastoodup，calmlypulledoutagunwhichhehadhidden，andfiredintotheair.3heturnedaroundandwalkedtowardthedoor.Naturally,the4washorrified(恐懼的)，buthetriedhardtopullhimselftogetherandstoppedhimforanexplanation.Thepandasaidtohim，"WhatdoIlookliketo5?"Thewaiteranswered，"Well，agiantpanda，ofcourse.""That'sright，"saidthepanda."Lookit6."Andhewalkedout.Thewaitercalledthepolice.Whentheyarrived，thewaitertoldthemthewholestory,7thepanda'swords"lookitup".Sothepoliceofficer8ayoungmanouttogetanencyclopedia(百科全書).Theyoungmanreturnedwiththeencyclopedia.Theofficer9"panda"andtherewastheanswer,"Giantpanda，livesinChina,eatsbambooshoots(竹筍)and10."()1.A.tiredB.angryC.crazyD.hungry()2.A.seatB.noteC.waiterD.hungry()3.A.SoB.OnceC.ThenD.Also()4.A.pandaB.youngmanC.policeD.waiter()5.A.usB.himC.youD.them()6.A.downB.upC.awayD.out()7.A.aboutB.likeC.withoutD.out()8.A.sentB.tookC.withoutD.invited()9.A.turnedtoB.askedforC.lookedupD.calledon()10.A.leavesB.meatC.grassD.plants一、單項選擇1-5DBABD6-10BABAB二、完形填空1-5DACDC6-10BDACA學科主任批閱意見：課后作業(yè)一、詞匯檢測根據所給漢語注釋或通過上下文寫出單詞(每空一詞)1.Wouldyouliketo(重復)yourquestion,MrBrown?2.He(同意)toletmegoearly.ButIstilldidn'tcatchthelastbus.3.Ididn'tgo(任何地方)yesterday.4.Don'tstandsoneartothedog.Itmight(咬)you.5.(鸚鵡)arethefavouriteanimalofmanychildren.6.Ithinkmydogisthe(聰明的)animalintheworld.7.Look!Theblackcathasfourwhite(爪子).Howlovelyitis!8.－Areyournewclassmatestoyou?－Yes，theyarenice.9.－Whatistheweightofthelittletortoise?－Itonly150grams.10.－Whatahotdayitis!－Soitis.Ithinkweshouldsleepwithallwindows.二、句子翻譯1.我的狗經常追趕貓，有時還很吵鬧。2.你每天應該多花時間和你的寵物玩。3.請勿把金魚拿出魚缸。4你不該將你的寵物帶到學校。5.許多人認為寵物是他們的一個特殊朋友。三、閱讀理解AWangZhu.14，fromJiangsuIdon'tthinkgeneticallymodified(GM，轉基因)foodisbad.Ifwegrowit,wewillhavemuchmorefood,becausethere'restillmanypeoplesuffering(忍受)fromhungeraroundtheworld.Soinmyopinion,weshouldgrowGMfoodasmuchaswecan.LiuShenbo.15，fromShanghaiGMfoodisgood.Butweshouldcontrolit.Nownobodyknowswhatitwoulddotoourhealth.Ifweeattoomuch,wemightregretitwhenit'stoolate.Ithinkweshoulddomoreexperimentsbeforewidelyusingit.That'ssafeforus.QinLe,I4，fromShandongWeshouldnotuseGMfoodatall.Itchangesthegenes(基因)ofgrains(谷物).Allplantsgrowbythelawofnature.Ifwechangeit,it'slikewe'reagainstnature.Nothinggoodcouldhappen.Soweshoulddoresearchonhowtochangetheearthforgrowingcrops,butnotchangethecropsthemselves.Thatshouldbetherightwaytosolvethefoodproblem.ZhangChen,14,fromLiaoningIreallythinkGMfoodisgood.Genesareamysteriousfieldinscience.Itisworthfindingout.Somepeoplesayifwefindoutthesecretofgenes,wecansolvediseaselikecancer.Sowhynotstartresearchonthegenesofcrops?()1.student(s)is(are)forGMfoodandstudent(s)is(are)againstit.A.One;threeB.Two;twoC.Three;oneD.Four;no()2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A.QinLeisagainstGMfoodstrongly.B.LiuShenbothinksweshouldbecarefulwhenusingGMfood.C.ZhangChenthinksitisnecessaryforpeopletoexplorethegenes.D.GMfoodistheonlywaytosolvethefoodproblem.BAnimalsgrowupindifferentways.Somenewbornanimalsarehelplessbuttheirmothersprotectthem.Anewbornkangarooisverysmall.Itisonlyafewcentimetres(cm)long.Itclosesitseyesanddoesn'thavehair.Itstayssafeinitsmother'spouch(育兒袋)foralongtime.Anewbornmonkeycannotwalk.Itsmothercarriesiteverywhere.Otherbabyanimalscanwalksoonafterthey'reborn.Theylearntorunwiththeirmotherswhendangerisnear.Ababyzebracanrunanhourafteritisborn.Somebabyanimalsareborninaplacethatissafe.Babywolvesareusuallyborninbigholeswithlittlelight.Otherbabyanimalsarebornintheopen.Ababyelephantisoftenbornonopenland.Animalsthatdrinktheirmothers'milkarecalledmammals.Amotherbear'smilkisrich.Babybearshavemilkforafewmonths.Thisisthesamewithbabyzebras.Asbabyanimalsgrow,theyneedsolid(固體的)food.Babylionseatwhattheirmotherscancatch!()3.Anewbornmonkey'smothercarriesiteverywherebecause.A.itisverysmallB.itcan'twalkC.itclosesitseyesD.ithasnohair()4.Babywolvesareusuallybornina(n)place.A.openB.brightC.safeD.little()5.Newbornmammals'mainfoodis.A.mothers'milkB.solidfoodC.smalleranimalsD.whattheirmotherscancatchCTheChicagoFireof1871wastheworstdisasterofthe19thcentury.ThefireissaidtohavestartedoneeveninginMrsO'Leary'sbarn(牲口棚)ontheWestSideofChicago.Severalhoursaftershemilkedhercow，itkickedoveranoillamp，andthecowstartedthefire.Wedonotknowifthestoryistrue，butwedoknowthatthefirebeganinabarnontheWestSide.Thefirespreadquicklybecauseofthewoodenbuildings，astrongwind，andadryseason.Thefirelasted27hoursandspreadtoallpartsofthecity.Othercitiessent25firecompaniestohelpputoutthefire.Federaltroops(聯(lián)邦軍隊)werealsousedtohelpfightthefireandkeeporder,too.Atlastrainputoutthefire.Therewasalotofdamage.90,000peoplewerelefthomelessand18,000buildingsweredestroyed.Propertydamage(財產損失)wasalmost200milliondollars.Inaddition，about300peopledied.PeoplefromallovertheworldhelpedChicagobysendingfoodandclothing.Withinamonth4，000cottages(小屋)withtworoomshadbeenbuilttohousepeople.Inafewyears,Chicagowascompletelyrebuilt.()6.Whichpartsofthecitywerehurtbythefire?A.TheWestSide.B.TheSouthSideandtheEastSide.C.TheNorthSide.D.Allsides.()7.Whathelpedtospreadandtoendthefire?A.Acow.B.Firemen.C.Theweather.D.Carelessness.()8.Thebesttitleforthispassageis.A.MrsO'Leary'sCowB.ATerribleFireC.AnOilLampD.TheYear1871DNowadays，peoplereallyneedcarsintheirdailylife.Theydrivecarstowork，togoshoppingortothecountrysidetospendtheweekend.Formanypeople,itisapopularwaytorent(租用)acartogoonlongtrips.Therearemoreandmorecarrentalfirms(公司).Thereforeit'seasytoren