國際港口介紹中英課件

Portwelcomeeveryone

Whatisaport?

港口是具有水陸聯(lián)運設(shè)備和條件，供船舶安全進出和停泊的運輸樞紐。是水陸交通的集結(jié)點和樞紐，工農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品和外貿(mào)進出口物資的集散地，船舶停泊、裝卸貨物、上下旅客、補充給養(yǎng)的場所。由于港口是聯(lián)系內(nèi)陸腹地和海洋運輸(國際航空運輸)的一個天然界面，因此，人們也把港口作為國際物流的一個特殊結(jié)點。Aportisalocationonacoastorshorecontainingoneormoreharborswhereshipscandockandtransferpeopleorcargotoorfromland.Portlocationsareselectedtooptimize(使···完善)

accesstolandandnavigablewater,forcommercialdemand,andforshelter（庇護所）fromwindandwaves.Portswithdeeperwaterarerarer,butcanhandlelarger,moreeconomicalships.Sinceportsthroughouthistoryhandledeverykindoftraffic,supportandstoragefacilitiesvarywidely,mayextendformiles,anddominatethelocaleconomy.Someportshaveanimportantmilitaryrole.Theclassificationofport（1）基本港(BasePort)是運價表現(xiàn)定班輪公司的船一般要定期掛靠的港口。大多數(shù)為位于中心的較大口岸，港口設(shè)備條件比較好，貨載多而穩(wěn)定。規(guī)定為基本港口就不再限制貨量。運往基本港口的貨物一般均為直達運輸，無需中途轉(zhuǎn)船。但有時也因貨量太少，船方?jīng)Q定中途轉(zhuǎn)運，由船方自行安排，承擔(dān)轉(zhuǎn)船費用。按基本港口運費率向貨方收取運費，不得加收轉(zhuǎn)船附加費或直航附加費。并應(yīng)簽發(fā)直達提單。（2）非基本港(Non-BasePort)凡基本港口以外的港口都稱為非基本港口。非基本港口一般除按基本港口收費外，還需另外加收轉(zhuǎn)船附加費。達到一定貨量時則改為加收直航附加費。例如新幾內(nèi)亞航線的侯尼阿臘港(HONIARA)，便是所羅門群島的基本港口；而基埃塔港(KIETA)，則是非基本港口。運往基埃塔港口的貨物運費率要在侯尼阿臘運費率的基礎(chǔ)上增加轉(zhuǎn)船附加費43.00美元(USD)/FT。

Theclassificationofport按所處位置(Location)分，有河口港、海港和河港等河口港（estuaryharbour）位于河流入海口或受潮汐影響的河口段內(nèi)，可兼為海船和河船服務(wù)。一般有大城市作依托，水陸交通便利，內(nèi)河水道往往深入內(nèi)地廣闊的經(jīng)濟腹地，承擔(dān)大量的貨流量，故世界上許多大港都建在河口附近，如鹿特丹港、倫敦港、紐約港、列寧格勒港、上海港等。河口港的特點是，碼頭設(shè)施沿河岸布置，離海不遠而又不需建防波堤，如岸線長度不夠，可增設(shè)挖入式港池。

Introduction海港（harbour）位于海岸、海灣或瀉湖內(nèi)，也有離開海岸建在深水海面上的。位于開敞海面岸邊或天然掩護不足的海灣內(nèi)的港口，通常須修建相當(dāng)規(guī)模的防波堤，如大連港、青島港、連云港、基隆港、意大利的熱那亞港等。供巨型油輪或礦石船靠泊的單點或多點系泊碼頭和島式碼頭屬于無掩護的外海海港，如利比亞的卜拉加港、黎巴嫩的西頓港等。瀉湖被天然沙嘴完全或部分隔開，開挖運河或拓寬、浚深航道后，可在瀉湖岸邊建港，如廣西北海港。也有完全靠天然掩護的大型海港，如東京港、香港港、澳大利亞的悉尼港等。

Introduction

河港（riverport）位于天然河流或人工運河上的港口，包括湖泊港和水庫港。湖泊港和水庫港水面寬闊，有時風(fēng)浪較大，因此同海港有許多相似處，如往往需修建防波堤等。蘇聯(lián)古比雪夫、齊姆良斯克等大型水庫上的港口和中國洪澤湖上的小型港口均屬此類進港航道(approachchannel)進港航道要保證船舶安全方便地進出港口，必須有足夠的深度和寬度、適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?、方向和彎道曲率半徑，避免強烈的橫風(fēng)、橫流和嚴(yán)重淤積，盡量降低航道的開辟和維護費用。當(dāng)港口位于深水岸段，低潮或低水位時天然水深已足夠船舶航行需要時，無須人工開挖航道，但要標(biāo)志出船舶出入港口的最安全方便路線。如果不能滿足上述條件并要求船舶隨時都能進出港口，則須開挖人工航道。人工航道分單向航道和雙向航道。大型船舶的航道寬度為80～300米，小型船舶的為50～60米。錨泊地（anchoringberthORanchoragearea）錨泊地指有天然掩護或人工掩護條件能抵御強風(fēng)浪的水域，船舶可在此錨泊、等待靠泊碼頭或離開港口。如果港口缺乏深水碼頭泊位，也可在此進行船轉(zhuǎn)船的水上裝卸作業(yè)。內(nèi)河駁船船隊還可在此進行編、解隊和換拖(輪)作業(yè)。港池（dockbasin）港池指直接和港口陸域毗連，供船舶靠離碼頭、臨時停舶和調(diào)頭的水域。港池按構(gòu)造形式分，有開敞式港池、封閉式港池和挖入式港池。港池尺度應(yīng)根據(jù)船舶尺度、船舶靠離碼頭方式、水流和風(fēng)向的影響及調(diào)頭水域布置等確定。開敞式港池內(nèi)不設(shè)閘門或船閘，水面隨水位變化而升降。封閉式港池池內(nèi)設(shè)有閘門或船閘，用以控制水位，適用于潮差較大的地區(qū)。挖入式港池在岸地上開挖而成，多用于岸線長度不足，地形條件適宜的地方。

Theequipmentofaport陸上設(shè)備包括間歇作業(yè)的裝卸機械設(shè)備（門座式、輪胎式、汽車式、橋式及集裝箱起重機、卸車機等）、連續(xù)作業(yè)的裝卸機械設(shè)備（帶式輸送機、斗式提升機、壓縮空氣和水力輸送式裝置及泵站等）、供電照明設(shè)備、通訊設(shè)備、給水排水設(shè)備、防火設(shè)備等。港內(nèi)陸上運輸機械設(shè)備包括火車、載重汽車、自行式搬運車及管道輸送設(shè)備等。水上裝卸運輸機械設(shè)備包括起重船、拖輪、駁船及其他港口作業(yè)船、水下輸送管道等。

Technicalfeature主要有港口水深、碼頭泊位數(shù)、碼頭線長度、港口陸域高程等港口水深(harbourdepth)碼頭泊位數(shù)(Numberofberth)碼頭線長度(Terminallinelength)港口陸域高程(landareaelevation)

Addition水工建筑物（hydraulicstructure）

一般包括防波堤、碼頭、修船和造船水工建筑物。進出港船舶的導(dǎo)航設(shè)施（航標(biāo)、燈塔等）和港區(qū)護岸也屬于港口水工建筑物的范圍。防波堤（breakwater）碼頭（wharf）修船和造船水工建筑物（hydraulicstructureofShiprepairingandshipbuilding）航標(biāo)（navigationmark）燈塔（LighthouseORbeacon）港區(qū)護岸（Portrevetment）

碼頭結(jié)構(gòu)形式有重力式、高樁式和板樁式。主要根據(jù)使用要求、自然條件和施工條件綜合考慮確定。①重力式碼頭?？拷ㄖ镒灾睾徒Y(jié)構(gòu)范圍的填料重量保持穩(wěn)定，結(jié)構(gòu)整體性好，堅固耐用，損壞后易于修復(fù)，有整體砌筑式和預(yù)制裝配式，適用于較好的地基。②高樁碼頭。由基樁和上部結(jié)構(gòu)組成，樁的下部打入土中，上部高出水面，上部結(jié)構(gòu)有梁板式、無梁大板式、框架式和承臺式等。高樁碼頭屬透空式結(jié)構(gòu)，波浪和水流可在碼頭平面以下通過，對波浪不發(fā)生反射，不影響泄洪，并可減少淤積，適用于軟土地基。近年來廣泛采用長樁、大跨結(jié)構(gòu)，并逐步用大型預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土管柱或鋼管柱代替斷面較小的樁，而成為管柱碼頭。③板樁碼頭。由板樁墻和錨碇設(shè)施組成，并借助板樁和錨碇設(shè)施承受地面使用荷載和墻后填土產(chǎn)生的側(cè)壓力。板樁碼頭結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，施工速度快，除特別堅硬或過于軟弱的地基外，均可采用，但結(jié)構(gòu)整體性和耐久性較差。鹿特丹港（rotterdamport）Rotterdamisthesecond-largestcityintheNetherlandsandoneofthelargestportsintheworld.Startingasadam（大壩）constructedin1270ontheRotteRiver,Rotterdamhasgrownintoamajorinternationalcommercialcentre（商業(yè)中心）.Itsstrategic（戰(zhàn)略的）locationattheRhine（萊茵河）-Meuse（墨茲河）-Scheldt（斯凱爾特河）delta（三角洲）ontheNorthSeaandattheheartofamassive（大規(guī)模）rail,road,airandinlandwaterwaydistributionsystemextendingthroughoutEuropeisthereasonthatRotterdamisoftencalledthe"GatewaytoEurope".IntheprovinceofSouthHolland,RotterdamisinthewestofNetherlandsandthesouthoftheRandstad.Thepopulationofthecitywas616,250onFebruary1,2012.ThepopulationofthegreaterRotterdamarea,called"Rotterdam-Rijnmond（地區(qū)）"orjust"Rijnmond",isapproximately1.3million.RotterdamisoneofEurope'smostvibrant,multiculturalcities;knownforitsuniversity(Erasmus),cutting-edge（尖端）architecture,livelyculturallife,strikingriversidesetting,itsmaritimeheritage（傳統(tǒng)）andtheRotterdamBlitz（閃電）.ThelargestportinEuropeandoneofthebusiestportsintheworld,theportofRotterdamwastheworld'sbusiestportfrom1962to2004,whenitwassurpassedbyShanghai.Rotterdam'scommercialandstrategicimportanceisbasedonitslocationnearthemouthoftheNieuweMaas(NewMeuse),achannelinthedeltaformedbytheRhineandMeuseontheNorthSea.TheseriversleaddirectlyintothecentreofEurope,includingtheindustrialRuhrregion（魯爾區(qū)）.Rotterdamiscurrentlybidding（投標(biāo)）tohostthe2018SummerYouthOlympics.BeautifulrotterdamTheErasmusBridgeacrosstheMeuseFlagLocationofRotterdam南安普頓港口（Southamptonport）Theaveragetidalrange（平均潮差）isapproximately5feet,with17hoursperdayofrisingwaterthanksto（由于）theport's"doubletides".Theseallowthelargestcontainerandcruiseshipsaccesstotheportforupto（多達）80percentofthetime,accordingtothecontainerterminaloperatorDPWorldSouthampton.Acommonmisconception（常識錯誤）isthatthedoubletideiscausedby'onetide（潮汐）comingupeachsideoftheIsleofWight'.However,theeffectisactuallycausedasaresultoftidalflowthroughtheEnglishChannel.HightideatoneendoftheChannel(Dover)occursatthesametimeaslowtideattheotherend(Land'sEnd).Pointsnearthecentrehaveonehighwaterasthetidalswell（隆起）goesfromlefttoright,anotherasitthengoesfromrighttoleft,makingtwoforeachoneateitherend,neitherashighastheoneateachendBeautifulSouthamptonTheUnitedKingdomLocation

ThePortofKarachiisoneoftheSouthAsia'slargestandbusiestseaport,handlingabout60%ofthenation'scargo(25milliontonsperannum(每年))locatedinkarachiPakistan.ItislocatedbetweentheKarachitownsofKiamariandSaddar,closetothemainbusinessdistrictandseveralindustrialareas.Thegeographicposition（地理位置）oftheportplacesitincloseproximity（臨近）tomajorshippingroutessuchastheStraitofHormuz（霍爾木茲海峽）.Theadministration（管理）oftheportiscarriedoutbytheKarachiPortTrust（卡拉奇港務(wù)局）,whichwasestablishedinthenineteenthcentury.ThePortofKarachi(卡拉奇港口)PortofMiami（邁阿密港）TheDanteB.FascellPortofMiamiisaseaportlocatedinBiscayneBay（比斯坎灣）inMiami,Florida,UnitedStates.ItisconnectedtoDowntownMiamibyPortBoulevard（大馬路）,abridgeovertheIntracoastalWaterway（近岸內(nèi)航道）.TheportislocatedonDodgeIsland（道奇島）,whichisthecombinationofthreehistoricislands（歷史性島嶼）(Dodge,LummusandSam'sIslands)thathavesincebeencombinedintoone.Itisnamedinhonorof（向···致敬）FloridaCongressmanDanteFascell.Asof2011,thePortofMiamiaccountsfor176,000jobsandhasanannualeconomicimpact（經(jīng)濟影響）inMiamiof$18billion.Itisthe11thlargestcargocontainerportintheUnitedStates.In2010,arecord4.33millionpassengerstraveledthroughthePortofMiami.Oneinsevenofalltheworld’scruisepassengersstartfromMiami

HotMiamiA

erialview（鳥瞰圖）ofthePortofMiamiTheUnitedStatesTypeofharbor

Natural/ArtificialPortDirector

BillJohnsonVesselarrivals

2,489Annualcargotonnage

7.42millionPassengertraffic（客流量）

4.33millionAnnualrevenue

$94.70millionPortMetroVancouver（溫哥華港）PortMetroVancouverisanon-shareholder（股票持有人）,financially（財政上）

self-sufficient（自給自足）corporation,establishedbytheGovernmentofCanadainJanuary2008,pursuantto（根據(jù)）theCanadaMarineAct,andaccountable（有責(zé)任的）tothefederalMinisterofTransport（聯(lián)邦交通運輸部部長）.Itistheprincipalauthority（主要權(quán)威）forshippingandport-relatedlandandseauseintheMetroVancouverregion（地區(qū)；范圍）.In2010,itwasthelargestportbytonnageinCanadaandthefourthlargestinNorthAmerica.

gorgeousVancouverFounded

Amalgamation

January1,2008Formerauthorities（前政府）priortoamalgamation-PortofVancouver-NorthFraserPortAuthority-FraserRiverPortAuthorityMajormarineterminals

28,includingautomobile（汽車）(2),breakbulk（雜貨）(2),bulk（散裝）(19),containers(4)andcruise(2)Annualcontainervolume

2.2millionTEUAnnualcargotonnage

102millionmetricrevenuetonsCruise

traffic

898,473passengers256

sailingsPresidentandCEO

RobinSilvester

ThePortofMontreal（蒙特利爾港）ThePortofMontreal,isaportlocatedinMontreal,Quebec,（魁北克）Canada,ontheStLawrenceriver.Itisoneofthelargestinlandportsintheworld,itisthesecondbusiestportinCanada,anditisoneofthebusiestportsinNorthAmerica.ItisalsotheentrypointtoothermajorcitiessuchasToronto,DetroitandCleveland.Ithandles26,000,000tonnes(28,660,094shorttons;25,589,370longtons)ofcargoannually.Itremainsatrans-shipmentpointforgrain,sugar,petroleumproducts,machinery,andconsumergoods（生活消費品）.Forthisreason,MontrealisalsotherailwayhubofCanada.In1964,theCanadianCoastGuardbegantouseicebreakers（破冰船）tokeepthenavigationchannelopen,firstandforemost（首要的）asanenvironmentalmeasuredesignedtoprotectriversidecommunitiesfromspringfloodscausedbyicejams（冰塞）,butalsoallowingwinternavigationintheport.Theportispreparingtobuildandoperateanew$500-million(U.S.)containerfacility,andhasopenedanofficeinChicagotopromoteitsadvantagesinservingtheU.S.Midwest

HelloMontreal！Majormarineterminals

4Vesselarrivals

2,039(FY2010)Annualcontainervolume

1,331,351twenty-footequivalentunits(TEU)

Annualcargotonnage

25,919,667t(28,571,542shorttons;25,510,305longtons)revenuetonsCruisetraffic

40,142passengersPresidentandCEO

SylvieVachon

Limassol（利馬索爾）LimassolorLemesosisthesecond-largestcityinCyprus,withapopulationof235,056(2011).Itisthelargestcityingeographicalsize（地理大?。?andthebiggestmunicipalityontheisland.ThecityislocatedonAkrotiriBay,ontheisland'ssoutherncoastanditisthecapitalofLimassolDistrict.LimassolisthebiggestCypriotportintheMediterraneantransittrade（過境貿(mào)易）.Ithasalsobecomeoneofthemostimportanttourism,tradeandservice-providingcentresinthearea.Limassolisrenownedforitslongculturaltradition,andishometotheCyprusUniversityofTechnology.Awidespectrum（范圍）ofactivitiesandanumberofmuseumsandarchaeologicalsites（考古遺址）areavailabletotheinterestedvisitor.Consequently（因此）,Limassolattractsawiderangeoftouristsmostlyduringanextendedsummerseasontobe

accommodatedinawiderangeofhotelsandapartments.Alargemarina（碼頭）iscurrentlybeingconstructedneartheoldtown.Limassolwasbuiltbetweentwoancientcities,AmathusandKourion,soduringByzantinerule（拜占庭規(guī)則）itwasknownasNeapolis(newtown).Limassol'stouriststrip（旅游帶）nowrunseastalongthecoastasfarasAmathus（可見）.TothewestofthecityistheAkrotiriSovereignBaseArea,partoftheBritishOverseasTerritoryofAkrotiriandDhekelia.

star-studdedLimassolViewoftheport

Location

FlagoftheareaPopulation235,056ThePortofBarcelona（巴塞羅那港）ThePortofBarcelonahasa2000-yearhistoryandgreatcontemporary（當(dāng)代）commercialimportance.ItisCatalonia（加泰羅尼亞）'slargestport,vyingwith（和···競爭）Tarragona(塔納戈拉),andEurope'sninthlargestcontainerport,withatradevolumeof2.57millionTEU'sin2008.ItisalsooneofthemostimportantportsintheMediterranean.TheportismanagedbythePortAuthorityofBarcelona.Its7.86km2aredividedintothreezones:PortVell(theOldPort),thecommercial/industrialportandthelogistics（后勤）port(BarcelonaFreePort).Theportisundergoing（經(jīng)歷）anenlargement（擴大）thatwilldoubleitssizebydiverting（使轉(zhuǎn)移）themouthoftheLlobregatriver2kmtothesouth,andslightlypushingbacktheLlobregatDeltaNatureReserve（自然保護區(qū)）.

passionateBarcelonaViewofthePortofBarcelonaLandarea

10.653squarekilometres

Vesselarrivals 8,182vessels

Annualcargotonnage

41,968,000tonnesAnnualcontainervolume

1,945,733TEU'sPassengertraffic

1,096,515-totalflagVishakhapatnam（維沙卡帕特）VisakhapatnamisaportcityonthesoutheastcoastofIndia.Withapopulationof1,730,520,itisthesecond-largestcityinthestateofAndhraPradesh(afterHyderabad（海德拉巴）)andthethird-largestcityontheeastcoast(afterChennai（金奈）andKolkata（加爾各答）).Visakhapatnamislocated625kilometreseastofthestatecapital,Hyderabad.Thecityishometoseveralstate-ownedheavyindustriesandasteelplant（鋼鐵廠）;itisoneofIndia'slargestseaportsandhasthecountry'soldestshipyard.VisakhapatnamhastheonlynaturalharbourontheeastcoastofIndia.Thecitywasnamedafter（以···命名）Visakha,theHindugodofvalor（印度勇猛之神）.Itisnestledamong（坐落在）thehillsoftheEasternGhats（東高止山脈）andfacestheBayofBengalontheeast.VisakhapatnamistheadministrativeheadquartersofVisakhapatnamdistrictandheadquartersoftheEasternNavalCommandoftheIndianNavy.VisakhapatnamhasanicknameTheCityofDestiny[2]and,morerecently,theGoaoftheEastCoast.Likeitswest-coastcounterpartitoffersattractivebeaches,lateritehillocksandapleasinglandscape.Itisalsoafocusofurbanandtouristdevelopment.

silentVishakhapatnamAerialviewofVisakhapatnamNickname:TheCityofDestinyAreaTotal544km2Elevation（海拔）

5mPopulation

Total 1,730,320Density 3,240/km2

TheflagofIndiaPortofPiraeus（比雷埃夫斯港）PiraeusisaportcityintheregionofAttica（阿提卡）,Greece.PiraeusislocatedwithintheAthensUrbanArea（城市地區(qū)）,12kmsouthwestfromitscitycenter(municipality（市區(qū)）ofAthens),andliesalongtheeastcoastoftheSaronicGulf（塞隆尼克灣）.Accordingtothe2001census（人口普查）,Piraeushadapopulationof175,697peoplewithinitsadministrativelimits（行政限制）,makingitthethirdlargestmunicipalityinGreeceandthesecondlargestwithintheurbanareaoftheGreekcapital（希臘首都）,followingthemunicipalityofAthens.ThemunicipalityofPiraeusandseveralothersuburbanmunicipalities（郊區(qū)）withintheregionalunitofPiraeusformthewiderPiraeusUrbanAreaorGreaterPiraeus,withatotalpopulationof466,065.PortofPiraeus（比雷埃夫斯港）Piraeushasalongrecordedhistory,datingtoancientGreece.Thecitywaslargelydevelopedintheearly5thcenturyBC（公元前）,whenitwasselectedtoserveastheportcityofclassicalAthensandwastransformedintoaprototypeharbour（原型港口）,concentratingalltheimport（進口）

andtransittrade（過境貿(mào)易）ofAthens.Consequently（因此）,itbecamethechiefharbourofancientGreece,butdeclined（衰退）graduallyafterthe4thcenturyAD,growingoncemoreinthe19thcentury,especiallyafterAthens'declaration（宣言）asthecapitalofGreece.Inthemodernera,Piraeusisalargecity,bustling（繁華的）withactivityandanintegralpart（主要部分）

ofAthens,actingashometothecountry'sbiggestharbourandbearingallthecharacteristicsofahugemarineandcommercial-industrialcentre.TheportofPiraeusisthechiefportinGreece,thelargestpassengerportinEurope

andthethirdlargestintheworld,servicingabout20millionpassengersannually.Withathroughputof1.4millionTEUs,PiraeusisplacedamongthefirsttenportsincontainertrafficinEuropeandthetopcontainerportintheEasternMediterranean.Thecityhostedevents（活動；事項）inboththe1896and2004SummerOlympicsheldinAthens.

graceful

PiraeusViewofMikrolimano,PiraeusPopulation:

466,065-Area: 50.417km2-Density:9,244/km2

PortofDover（多佛港）ThePortofDoveristhecross-channelport（跨海峽港口）situated（位于）inDover,Kent（肯特）,south-eastEngland.ItisthenearestEnglishporttoFrance,atjust34kilometresaway,andoneofEurope'slargestpassengerports,with16milliontravellers,2.1millionlorries（卡車）,2.8millioncarsandmotorcyclesand86,000coaches（車廂）passingthroughiteachyear,withanannualturnover（年營業(yè)額）of￡58.5millionayear.TheporthasbeenownedandoperatedbytheDoverHarbourBoard,astatutory（法定的）corporation,sinceitwasformedbyRoyalCharter（皇家憲章）in1606byJames.MostoftheboardmembersareappointeesoftheDepartmentofTransport（交通部）.Theporthasitsownprivatepoliceforce（私人警察部隊）,thePortofDoverPolice.Theportclaims（主張）tobetheworld'sbusiestpassengerport.

SimpleDoverOpened 1606Availableberths 9Piers 2Passengertraffic

16,000,000PortofHamburg（漢堡港）ThePortofHamburgisaportinHamburg,Germany,ontheriverElbe（易北河）.Theharbourislocated110kilometresfromthemouthoftheElbeintotheNorthSea.ItisnamedGermany's"GatewaytotheWorld"andisthelargestportinGermany.IntermsofTEUthroughout,theportofHamburgisthethird-busiestportinEurope(aftertheportsofRotterdamandAntwerp（安特衛(wèi)普港；位于比利時）)and15th-largestworldwide.In2010,7.895millioncontainerswerehandledinHamburg.Theharbourcoversanareaof73.99km2(64.80km2usable),ofwhich43.31km2(34.12km2)arelandareas.Thelocationisnaturallyadvantagedbyabranching（分支）Elbe,creatinganidealplace（理想場所）foraportcomplexwithwarehousing（倉儲）andtransshipment（轉(zhuǎn)運）facilities.Theextensive（廣泛的）freeportalsoenablestoll-freeshipping（免費航運）.

BigHamburgTheflagofGermanVesselarrivals 9,843Annualcargotonnag