Unit+1+Honesty+and+responsibility+Grammar+and+usage+課件 高中英語牛津譯林版(2020)選擇性必修第四冊

狀語從句Whichofthemisanadverbialclause?Ibelievethatheisinnocent.ShewasreadinganovelwhenIcalledher.Iwanttolearnfromthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.含義：用來修飾主句，說明主句事情發(fā)生的時間、地點、原因、方式、結(jié)果、目的等的從句叫狀語從句。準(zhǔn)確理解每個引導(dǎo)詞的含義是掌握狀語從句的關(guān)鍵。狀語從句概述：功能:狀語從句起副詞作用,用來修飾句中謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。引導(dǎo)詞:一般由從屬連詞引導(dǎo),也可由連詞詞組引導(dǎo)。位于句首或句中時常用逗號與主句隔開,位于句尾時可以,不用逗號。類別:根據(jù)其作用可分為時間、地點、原因、條件、讓步、結(jié)果、方式、目的和比較等從句。BelowisanewsstoryaboutaChinesescientist.Findthesentenceswithadverbialclausesandclassifythem.AdverbialclauseofconditionAdverbialclauseoftimeAdverbialclauseofplaceAdverbialclauseofreasonAdverbialclauseofpurposeAdverbialclauseofresultAdverbialclauseofconcessionAlthoughhespentmanyyearsintheUK,...

Heknewthatifhecameback,...Whenhehadtogoawayonbusiness,......untilhediedin2017attheageofjust58.Huangexcelledwherehewasworking...Sincehespentsomuchtimeonwork,......sothathedidnotmissanyworkinthedaytime.Infact,heworkedsohardthathedidnotpayenoughattentiontohisownhealth.WorkingouttherulesAdverbialclausescanbeintroducedby:if,unless,aslongas,etc.toexpress(1)____________;until,when,while,etc.toexpresstime;wheretoexpressplace;because,as,since,inthat,etc.toexpress(2)__________;sothat,inorderthat,etc.toexpress(3)___________;thatwithsoorsuchinthemainclausetoexpressresult;andalthough,though,evenif,etc.toexpressconcession.conditionreasonpurpose時間狀語從句從句類型常見連詞補充時間狀語從句when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till

/until,assoonas,since,once,bythetime,nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely...when,...everytime,themoment,theminute,immediately也可引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句(1)when,while，as

引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句when從句謂語動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性動詞，主從句動作可以同時發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。while從句謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞或表示狀態(tài)的詞，強調(diào)主從句動作同時發(fā)生。as從句謂語動詞一般為延續(xù)性動詞。主從句動作同時發(fā)生或交替進行，意為“一邊……，一邊……；隨著”。Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.WhileIwaswatchingTV,thebellrang.Asshegrewolder,shegainedinconfidence.(2)before和

since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句連詞常用句式beforeItwillbe/was＋一段時間＋before...要過/過了好久…才…Itwon'tbe/wasn’t＋一段時間＋before...過不了多久/沒過多久就…了sinceItis/hasbeen+一段時間+since從句

自從…以來已經(jīng)多長時間了(從句用一般過去時,

主句用現(xiàn)在完成時)Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.他們要過四天才能回來。Wehaven’tseeneachothersincewebrokeup.我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面。Ithasbeen(is)sixyearssinceshegraduatedfromtheuniversity.until/till用于肯定句時，主謂動為延續(xù)性動詞，“直到…為止”

not...until/till...所在的主謂動為非延續(xù)性動詞，

“直到…才…”till不可以置于句首，而

until可以置于句首。notuntil放在句首，主句要部分倒裝itis/wasnotuntil...that...強調(diào)句型(不倒裝)(3)until/till引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句Hismotherwon’tgotobeduntilhereturnshomeeveryevening.Until

hereturnshomeeveryevening

hismotherwillgotobed.Notuntilhereturnshomeeveryeveningwillhismothergotobed.Itisnotuntilhereturnshomeeveryeveningthathismotherwillgotobed.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換。

Ididn'tleaveuntilshecameback.①___________shecameback_____leave.②________notuntilshecameback____I______.practiceNotuntildidI

Itwasthatlefthardly/scarcely...when...,nosooner...than...引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時,

主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時。

themoment,theminute,directly,instantly,theinstant,assoonas...(4)表示“一…就…”的連詞引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句Wehadnosoonerarrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.Thelittleboyburstintotearsimmediatelyhesawhismother.e.g.

那個小男孩一見到他媽媽便哭了起來。e.g.我們一到車站，火車就離站了。如果從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，主句的謂語動詞用過去完成時；如果從句的謂語動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句的謂語動詞用將來完成時。Bythetimewegotthere,therainhadstopped.到我們到達(dá)那兒時，雨已經(jīng)停了。Bythetimeyoucomeheretomorrow,Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.你明天來這兒的時候，我將已經(jīng)完成此工作了。(5)everytime,(the)nexttime,anytime,thefirsttime，bythetime(當(dāng)…時候)等其他連詞引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句地點狀語從句I'munsatisfiedwithwhereIlive.我對自己住的地方特不滿意。Youcansitwhereveryoulike.你喜歡坐哪都可以。由where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，從句前應(yīng)有先行詞，而狀語從句前沒有先行詞。①Bamboogrowsbestinplaceswhereitiswarmanditrainsoften.②Bamboogrowsbestwhereitiswarmanditrainsoften.原因狀語從句從句類型常見連詞補充原因狀語從句because,since,as,for,now(that)(由于)...seeing(that)(鑒于),inthat,considering/given(that)...也可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句Shegotthejob,becauseshewasthebestcandidate.Since/Aswehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.Seeing(that)theweatherisbad，we’llstayathome.Heseldomgoesoutnow,forheisveryold.目的狀語從句Hegotupearlysothat/inorderthat

hecouldcatchtheearlytrain.You’dbettertakethekeysincaseI’mout.IwillnotmakeanoiseforfearthatIdisturbyou.IshallwriteitdownlestIshouldforget.從句類型常見連詞補充目的狀語從句sothat,inorderthat...謂語動詞前常帶有情態(tài)動詞；incase,lest,forfear(that)(唯恐)

也可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句從句類型常見連詞結(jié)果狀語從句so,sothat,so...that,such...that...Heissohandsomethatwealllikehim.Heissuchahandsomepersonthatwealllikehim.

區(qū)分：目的狀語從句中常有can,could,may,might,will,would,should等情態(tài)動詞。結(jié)果狀語從句表示客觀事實,謂語動詞用陳述語氣,從句中通常無情態(tài)動詞。條件狀語從句從句類型常見連詞補充條件狀語從句if,unless,so

/aslongas,onlyif,once,onconditionthat...if不能用

whether替換；providing/providedthat;suppose/supposing(that)(假如)...也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句Youcanusemybikeaslongasyoureturnitontime.Ifyoufailintheexam,youwilllethimdown.Unlessyouchangeyourmind,Iwon'thelpyou.Youcangooutprovidingthatyouhavetofinishyourhomework.讓步狀語從句從句類型常見連詞補充讓步狀語從句although,though,evenif

/though,

as，while...由“特殊疑問詞+ever”，“nomatter+疑問詞”以及whether...or也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句(1)although/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,不與but連用，但可與yet/still連用。Heisunhappy,though/althoughhehasalotofmoney.Clever

though

youmaybe,youcannotdothat.(2)nomatter后接who，what，where，how等疑問詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，也可以在這類疑問詞后面加上ever構(gòu)成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時只能用“疑問詞＋ever”類詞。Don’ttrusthim,nomatterwhat/whateverhesays.Iwilleatwhateveryougiveme.(3)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”,常位于句首。While

wedon’tagreeonthematter,wecontinuetobefriends.(4)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，需將從句中的表語、狀語以及謂語中的實義動詞提前至從句句首，引起倒裝；作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前如有冠詞，冠詞需省去。Childas/thoughheis，heknowsalot.Successfulasheis,heisnotproud.MuchasIlikeit，Iwon’tbuy.Tryashewould/might，hecouldn’tlifttheheavybox.Helooksasifheisangry.他看上去好像生氣了。方式狀語從句從句類型常見連詞方式狀語從句

as,asif/though...asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的的從句可用陳述語氣，表示(可能)符合事實的情況；也可以用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反的假設(shè)。Sheisnotso/asoutgoingashersister.她不如她姐姐外向。SheisastallasTom.她與湯姆一樣高。比較狀語從句從句類型常見連詞補充比較狀語從句than，as…as…，thesameas，notas/so…as…比較級＋than，the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...providing/providedthat;suppose/supposing(that)(假如)...也可引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句在表示時間、條件、讓步等的狀語從句中，如果從句的主語和主句的主語相同或從句的主語是it，從句的謂語又含有be的某種形式時，可以省略從句中的主語和be動詞，從而構(gòu)成“從屬連詞+形容詞/現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/名詞/介詞短語/不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。If(itis)possible,pleaselookupthewordinthedictionary.如果可能的話，請在詞典里查閱那個單詞。Heisagoodman,thoughsometimes(heis)ratherdull.他是個好人，盡管有時很愚鈍。While(Iwas)passingbythesupermarket,Imetmyfriend.路過超市時，我遇見了我的朋友。Unless(Iam)invited,Iwon'ttakepartintheactivity.除非有人邀請，否則我不會參加那個活動。狀語從句的省略狀語從句和非謂語動詞之間的替換2.Becausehewaspoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.1.WhenIwalkedinthestreet,Isawatailor’sshop.=Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor'sshop.=Beingpoor,hecouldn'taffordaTVset.=Leftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn’tfeelafraidatall.3.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,thelittleboydidn’tfeelafraidatall.4.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.=Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.當(dāng)主從句的主謂一致，且從句的謂語為主動語態(tài)，可用V-ing短語轉(zhuǎn)換。當(dāng)主從句的主謂一致，且從句的謂語為被動語態(tài)，可用V-ed短語轉(zhuǎn)換。V-ed/V-ing形式在句中可充當(dāng)時間、原因、條件、讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個狀語從句。Answer:1.Jakegotupearlysothathewouldhavetimetoexercisebeforeclass.2.Althoughshehadnoteditedthephotos,theystilllookedverygood.3.Hewenttoworkasifnothinghadhappened.4.Herteacherlikedherbecauseshewassohard-working.5.Igetveryupsetwhenpeopledonottellmethetruth.6.Ifyouarenicetootherpeople,