2006年6月英語四級(jí)真題及答案詳解6試題

HelenisHelenisA)JimmyisnotseriousinmakingJimmyisrichenoughtobuyabigJimmy’swordsareoftennotJimmywillregretmarryingaSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)IthasdonemoreharmthangoodinthesouthernItwasbroughttothenorthernUSAbyAsianItwasintroducedintotheUSAtokillharmfulItcanbeusedbyfarmerstoprotectlargeA)They etoohardtoTheywillsoonbeovergrownwithPeoplewillhavetorelyonkudzuforaPeoplewillfindithardtoprotecttheA)ThesoilthereisnotsosuitablefortheThefactoriestherehavefoundagooduseforThefarmerstherehavebroughtitunderTheclimatethereisunfavorabletoitsPassageQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)TheuniverseasaAsocietyoflegalAnassociationofteachersandAbusinessA)ProvincialcollegesweretakenoverbylargerItslargestexpansiontookceduringthatSmalluniversitiescombinedtoformbiggerItsroleinsocietywentthroughadramaticA)PrivateFeespaidbyernmentGrantsfromPassageQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustA)HewasinterestedinthestudyofwildHestartedtheorganizationHeiferHewaswoundedintheSpanishcivilHesoldhiscowstomanycountriesintheA)TomakensforthedevelopmentofpoorToteachpeoplehowtousenewskillstoraiseTohelpstarvingfamilies eself-TodistributefoodtothepooraroundtheA)TheyshouldsubmitareportoftheirneedsandTheyshouldprovidefoodforthelocalTheyshouldofferallbabyanimalstotheirpoorTheyshouldhelpotherfamiliesthewaytheyhavebeenA)IthashelpedrelievehungerinsomedeveloIthasimprovedanimalbreedingskillsallovertheIthasbridgedthegapbetweentherichandthepoorinIthaspromotedinternationalexchangeoffarmingPart Reading (35Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingEducatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailablewomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives(激勵(lì)),providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexnationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.Parentsin ecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool-theprophecy() esself-fulfilling,trapwomeninaviciouscircle(惡性循環(huán))ofneglect.Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.TheviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuousFewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilynning.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelocountriesis A) B) C) D)labor-Bysaying“…theprophecy esself-fulfilling…”(Lines4-5,Para.2),theauthormeansthat girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondgirlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeatgirlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowngirlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanTheauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen womencaremoreaboutparentscanaffordtheirdaughters’girlscangainequalaccesstoafamilyhasfewerbuthealthierWhatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’sIthasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofItwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknownItisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydeveloItdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialThepassagemainlydiscusses unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelothemajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentotheeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingthepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedPassageQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingPsychiatrists(專家)whoworkwitholderparentssaythatmaturitycanbeanassetinchildrearingolderparentsaremorethoughtful,uselessphysicaldisciplineandspendmorewiththeirchildren.Butraisingkidstakesmoneyandenergy.Manyolderparentsfindthemselvesbalancingtheirlimitedfinancialresources,decliningenergyandfailinghealthagainstthegrowingdemandsofanactivechild.Dyingandleavingyoungchildrenisprobablytheolderparents’biggest,andoftenunspoken,fear.Havinglate-lifechildren,saysaneconomicsprofessor,oftenmeansparents,particularlyfathers,“endupretiringmuchlater.”Formany,retirement esanunobtainabledream.HenryMetcalf,a54-year-oldjournalist,knowsittakesmoneytoraisekids.Buthe’salsoworriedthathisenergywillgiveoutfirst.Sure,hecanstillridebikeswithhisathleticfifthgrader,buthe’slearnedthatyoungatheartdoesn’tmeanyoung.Layhe’sbeentakingafternoonnaps(午睡)tokeepuphisenergy.“Mybodyisaging,”saysMetcalf,“Youcan’tgetawayfromthat.”O(jiān)ften,olderparentshearthetickingofanotherkindofbiologicalclock.Theswhoworkwithmiddle-agedandolderparentssayfearsaboutagingarenothingtolaughat.“Theyworrythey’llbemistakenforgrandparents,orthatthey’llneedhelpgettingupoutofthoselittlechairsinnurseryschool,”saysJoannGalst,aNewYorkpsychologist.Butatthecoreofthoselittlefearsthereisoftenamuchbiggerone:“thattheywon’tbealivelongenoughtosupportandprotecttheirchild,”shesays.Manylate-lifeparents,though,saytheirchildrencameatjusttherighttime.Aftermarryinglateandundergoingyearsoffertility受孕treatment,MarilynNolenandherhusband,RandyhadtwinsWebothwantedchildrensaysMarilyn,whowas55whenshegavebirthThetwinshavegiventhecouplewhattheydesiredforyears,“asenseoffamily.”Kidsofolderdadsareoftensmarter,happierandmoresociablebecausetheirfathersareinvolvedintheirlives.“Thedadsareolder,moremature,”saysDr.Silber,“andmorereadytofocusonparenting.”WhydopsychiatristsregardmaturityasanassetinchildOlderparentscanbetterbalancetheirresourcesagainstchildren’sOlderparentsareusuallymoreexperiencedinbringinguptheirOlderparentsareoftenbetterpreparedOlderparentscantakebettercareoftheirWhatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“Formany,retirement esanunobtainabledream”(Lines7-8,Para.1)?TheyhavetogoonworkingbeyondtheirretirementTheycan’tgetfullpensionunlesstheyworksomeextraTheycan’tobtaintheretirementbenefitstheyhavedreamedTheyarereluctanttoretirewhentheyreachtheirretirementTheauthorgivestheexampleofHenryMetcalftoshowthat manypeopleareyounginspiritdespitetheiradvancedtakingafternoonnapsisagoodwaytomaintainolderparentstendtobeconcernedabouttheiragingolderparentsshouldexercisemoretokeepupwiththeirathleticWhat’sthebiggestfearofolderparentsaccordingtoNewYorkpsychologistJoannBeinglaughedatbyotherSlowingdownoftheirpaceofBeingmistakenforApproachingofWhatdowelearnaboutMarilynandRandyTheythoughttheywereanexampleofsuccessfulfertilityNotuntiltheyhadthetwinsdidtheyfeeltheyhadformedaTheybelievedthatchildrenbornofolderparentswouldbeNotuntiltheyreachedmiddleagedidtheythinkofhavingPassageQuestions31to35arebasedonthefollowingInterestinpursuinginternationalcareershassoaredinrecentyears,enhancedbychronic(長 nelshortagesthatarecausingcompaniestosearchbeyondtheirhomebordersfortalent.Professionalsseekcareerexperienceoutsideoftheirhomecountriesforavarietyofreasons.Theymayfeeltheneedtorechargetheirbatterieswithanewchallenge.Theymaywantapositionwithmoreresponsibilitythatencouragescreativityandinitiative.Ortheymaywishtoexposetheirchildrentoanotherculture,andtheopportunitytolearnasecondlanguage.Whenapplyingforajob,oneusuallyhastosubmitaresumeorcurriculumvitae(CV).Thetwotermsgenerallymeanthesamething:aone-ortwodescribingone’seducationalqualificationsandprofessionalexperience.However,guidelinesforpreparingaresumeareconstantlychanging.Thebestadviceistofindoutwhatisappropriateregardingthecorporate(公司的)culture,thecountryculture,andthecultureofthe makingthehiringdecision.Thechallengewillbetoembracetwoormoreculturesinone.ThefollowinglistisacetoEducationalrequirementsdifferfromcountrytocountry.Inalmosteverycaseofborder”jobhunting,juststatingthetitleofyourdegreewillnotbeanadequatedescription.Providethereaderwithdetailsaboutyourstudiesandanyrelatedexperience.Payattentiontotheresumeformatyouusechronologicalorreverse-chronologicalorder.Chronologicalordermeanslistingyour“oldest”workexperiencefirst.Reverse-chronologicalordermeanslistingyourcurrentormostrecentexperiencefirst.Mostcountrieshavepreferencesaboutwhichformatismostacceptable.Ifyoufindnospecificguidelines,thegeneralpreferenceisforthereverse-chronologicalformat.IfyouaresubmittingyourresumeinEnglish,findoutiftherecipient(收件人)usesBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglishbecausetherearevariationsbetweenthetwoversions.Forexampleuniversityeducationisoftenreferredtoas“tertiaryeducation”intheUnitedKingdom,butthistermisalmostneverusedintheUnitedStatesAreaderwhoisunfamiliarwiththesevariationsmayassumethatyourresumecontainserrors.Companiesarehiringmoreforeignemployees theyhavedifficultyfinding nelattheyfindforeignemployeesareusuallymoretheneedoriginalideasfromemployeeshiredtheywanttoexpandtheirbusinessbeyondhomeTheauthorbelievesthatanindividualwhoappliestowork isusuallycreativeandfullofaimstoimprovehisforeignlanguageseekseitherhisownorhischildren’sisdissatisfiedwithhisownlifeatWhenitcomestoresumewriting,itisbestto knowthe allikesandfollowappropriateguidelinesforjoblearnabout ’shiringtakeculturalfactorsintoWhenwritingaboutqualifications,applicantsareadvisedto provideadetaileddescriptionoftheirstudyandworkgivethetitleoftheuniversitydegreetheyhaveearnedathighlighttheirkeeninterestinpursuinga“cross-border”stresstheiracademicpotentialtoimpressthedecisionAccordingtotheauthor’slastpieceofadvice,theapplicantsshouldbeawareof therecipient’spreferencewithregardtothethedifferenteducationalsystemsintheUSandthethedifferencesbetweenthevarietiesofthedistinctivefeaturesofAmericanandBritishPassageQuestions36to40arebasedonthefollowingSpeedingoffinastolencar,thethiefthinkshehasgotagreatcatch.Butheisinforanesurprise.Thecarisfittedwitharemoteimmobiliser(鎖止器),andaradiosignalacontrolcentreawaywillensurethatoncethethiefswitchestheengineoff,hewillnotbeabletostartitagain.Theideagoeslikethis.Acontrolboxfittedtothecarcontainsamini-,microprocessorandmemory,andaGPS(全球)salitepositioningreceiver.Ifthecarisstolen,acodedsignalwilllthecontrolcentretoblockthevehicle’senginemanagementsystemandpreventtheenginebeingrestarted.IntheUKasetoftechnicalfixesisalreadymakinglifeharderforcarthieves.“Thepatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged,”saysMartynRandall,asecurityexpert.Hesaysitwouldonlytakehimafewminutestoteacha howtostealacar,usingabareminimumoftools.Butonlyifthecarismorethan10yearsold.Moderncarsarefartoughertosteal,astheirenginemanagementcomputerwon’tallowthemtostartunlesstheyreceiveauniqueIDcodebeamedoutbytheignition(點(diǎn)火)key.IntheUK,likethishavehelpedachievea31%dropinvehicle-relatedcrimesince1997.Butdeterminedcriminalsarestillmanagingtofindotherwaystostealcars,oftenbygettingholdoftheowner’skeys.Andkeytheftisresponsiblefor40%ofthetheftsofvehiclesfittedwithatrackingsystem.Ifthecartravels100metreswithoutthedriverconfirmingtheirID,thesystemwillsendasignaltoanoperationscentrethatithasbeenstolen.ThehundredmetresminimumavoidsfalsealarmsduetoinaccuraciesintheGPSsignal.Staffatthecentrewillthencontacttheownertoconfirmthatthecarreallyismissing,andkeepinformedofthevehicle’smovementsviathecar’sGPSunit.What’sthefunctionoftheremoteimmobiliserfittedtoaToallowthecartolockautomaticallywhenTopreventthecarthieffromrestartingitonceitTohelpthemakeasurpriseattackonthecarTopreventcartheftbysendingaradiosignaltothecarBysaying“Thepatternofvehiclecrimehaschanged”(Lines1-2,Para.3),MartynRandallsuggeststhat self-preparedtoolsarenolongerenoughforcarthethiefhastomakeuseofcomputerittakesalongertimeforthecarthieftodothethethiefhaslostinterestinstealingcarsover10yearsWhatisessentialinmakingamoderncartoughertoAGPSsalitepositioningAuniqueIDAspecialAcodedignitionWhydoesthetrackingsystemseta100-metreminimumbeforesendinganalarmtotheoperationscentre?TogivethedrivertimetocontacttheoperationsToallowforpossibleerrorsintheGPSTokeepinformedofthecar’sToleavetimefortheoperationscentretogiveanWhatwilltheoperationscentredofirstafterreceivinganStartthetrackingLocatethemissingContactthecarBlockthecarPart (20Directions:Thereare30 pletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultyto togetherinresearchA) B) C) D) Americancollegestudentsareincreasingly withcreditcarddebtandtheconsequencescanberatherserious.A) B) C) D)Somepeoplearguethatthedeath doesnotnecessarilyreducethenumberofA) B) C) D)Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdormsarelesslikelyto thehabitofsmoking.A)turn B)pick C)make D)drawThemostsuccessfulpost-careerathletesarethosewhocantaketheidentityandlifeskillstheylearnedinsportsand themtoanotherareaoflife.A) B) C) D) nelmanagerssayitisgettingharderandharderto honestapplicantsfromthegrowingnumberofdishonestones.A) B) C) D)Almostalljobapplicantsaredeterminedtoleaveagood onapotentialA) B) C) D)Beingoutofwork,Janecannolonger friendstodinnersandmoviesassheusedA) B) C) D)Althoughtheylosttheirjobs,savingsandunemploymentbenefitsallowthecoupleto theircomfortableA)lookforwardtoB)catchup C)holdon D)comeinThefindingspaintauniquepictureoftheshophabitsofcustomers,plustheirmotivationand A) B) C) D)Withtheincreasingunemploymentrate,workerswhoare50to60yearsoldareusuallythefirsttobe A)laid B)laid C)laid D)laidPeople’sexpectationsaboutthefuturemayhavemoreinfluenceontheirsenseofwell-beingthantheir statedoes.A) B) C) D) bythesuperstarsonevision,theyoungathletestrainedhardandyedA) B) C) D)Thephysicaldifferencesbetweenmenandwomencanbe directlytoourbasicrolesashuntersandchild-bearers.A) B) C) D)Manywomenstillfeelthattheyarebeing byamaleculture,particularlyintheprofessionalservicessector.A)held B)held C)held D)heldThetechnologicaladvancesmadeitpossibleforthemiddleclassestoenjoywhathadonce onlytotheveryA) B) C) D)Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno togotothepartywithA) B) C) D)Itisclearthatthedoghasamuchgreater ofitsbraindevotedtosmellthanisthecasewithhumans.A) B) C) D)Thereisalreadyclear toshowthatntsandanimalsarebeingaffectedbyclimateA) B) C) D)Numerousstudiesalreadylinkthefirstmealofthedaytobetterclassroom A) B) C) D)disIntheUS.88percentofsmokershadstartedbeforetheywere18,despitethefactthatit tosellcigarettestoanyoneunderthatA) B) C) D)Althoughmanyexpertsagreethatmorechildrenareoverweight,thereisdebateoverthebestwaysto theproblem.A) B) C) D)Sadly,asspendingonprivategardenshas ,spendingonpublicparkshasgenerallyA) B) C) D)It’sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually fromtheA) B) C) D)Accordingtothekeywitnesses,apeculiarlybignoseisthecriminal’smostmemorable A) B) C) D)Animportantfactorindetermininghowwellyouperforminanexaminationisthe yourmind.A) B) C) D)constitution themilitaryuseofnuclearA) B) C) D)Tom,diditever toyouthatyouwouldbepunishedforcheatingonA) B) C) D)Lungcancer,likesomeothercancers,oftendoesn’tproduce untilitistoolateandhasspreadbeyondthechesttothebrain,liverorbones.A) B) C) D)Researchshowsthatthereisno relationshipbetweenhowmucha earnsandwhetherhefeelsgoodaboutlife.A) B) C) D)Part (15Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.Thepartoftheenvironmentalmovementthatdrawsmyfirm’sattentionisthedesignofcities,buildingsandproducts.WhenwedesignedAmerica’sfirstso-called“green”officebuildinginNewYorktwodecades71,wefeltveryalone.Buttoday,thousandsofpeoplecometogreenbuildingconferences,andthe72thatbuildingscanbegoodforpeopleandtheenvironmentwillbeincreasinglyinfluentialinyearsto73.Backin1984wediscoveredthatmostmanufacturedproductsfordecorationweren’tdesignedfor74use.The“energy-efficient”sealedcommercialbuildingsconstructedafterthe1970senergycrisis75indoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchaspaint,wallcoveringandcarpet.Sofor20years,we’vebeenfocusingonthesematerials76tothemolecules,lookingforwaystomakethem77forpeopleandthenet.Homebuilderscannowusematerialssuchaspaintsthatreleasesignificantly78amountsoforganiccompoundsthatdon’t79thequalityoftheair,water,orsoil.Ultimay,80,ourbasicdesignstrategyisfocusednotsimplyonbeing“l(fā)essbad”butoncreating81healthfulmaterialsthatcanbeeithersafelyreturnedtothesoil82reusedbyindustryagainandagain.Asamatterof83,theworld’slargestcarpetmanufacturerhasalready84acarpetthatisfullyandsafelyrecyclable(可循環(huán)利用的).Lookatitthisway:Noone85outtocreateabuildingthatdestroysthenet.Butcurrentindustrialsystemsare86causingtheseconditions,whetherwelikeitornot.87ofsimplytryingtoreducethedamage,weare88apositiveapproach.We’regivingpeoplehigh-quality,healthfulproductsandanopportunitytomakechoicesthathaveaeffectontheIt’snotjustthebuildingindustry,either,90citiesaretakingtheseenvironmentallypositiveapproachestodesign,nningandbuilding.Portland,SeattleandBostonhavesaidtheywanttobegreencities.Chicagowantstobethegreenestcityintheworld.71.A)B)C)D)72.A)B)C)D)73.A)B)C)D)74.A)B)C)D)75.A)B)disC)D)76.A)B)C)D)77.A)B)C)D)78.A)B)C)D)79.A)B)C)D)80.A)B)C)D)81.A)B)compleC)D)82.A)B)C)D)83.A)B)C)D)84.A)B)C)D)85.A)B)C)D)86.A) B) C) D)87.A) B) C) D)88.A) B) C) D)89.A) B) C) D)90.A) B) C) D)Part (30Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledAnannouncementforavoluntaryprogram.YoushouldwriteatLeast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:Anannouncementforavoluntary20066AACBCDACDBACDACBABBCADABADBACDDCDBDCABBCADDBACDCBCDBCBACDAADBCDACDABCB【SectionM:IthinkthehostessreallywentoutofherwaytomakethepartyaW:Yes,thefoodanddrinksweregreat,butifonlywehadknownafewoftheotherguests.Q:Whatdidthetwospeakerssayabouttheparty?M:Canyoustopbythepostofficeandgetmesomeenvelopesand39cents’W:Well,Iamnotgoingtostopbythepostoffice,butIcanbuyyousomeatthebookstoreafterIseethedentistonMarketstreet.Q:WherewillthewomangoM:HowdoyoulikethenewphysicianwhorecedDr.W:HemaynotseemasagreeableorasthoroughasDr.Andrews,butatleasthedoesn’tkeeppatientswaitingforhours.Q:Whatcanweinferfromthewoman’sW:Tommustbeinabadmoodtoday.Hehasn’tsaidhalfadozenwordsallafternoon.M:Oh,really?That’snotliketheTomweknow.Q:WhatdoesthemanW:Doyouhavetheseminarschedulewithyou?I’dliketofindoutthetopicforM:Igaveittomyfriend,butthereshouldbecopiesavailableinthelibrary.IcanpickoneupforQ:Whatdoesthemanpromiseto6W:IwonderifyoucouldsellmethePsychologytextbooks.Youtookthecourselastsemester,didn’tyou?M:Asamatteroffact,Ialreadysoldthembacktotheschoolbookstore.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?W:Hereisthisweek’sschedule,Tony.OnMonday,thereistheboardmeeting.Yourspeechtothelion’sclubisonTuesdayafternoon.ThenonWednesdayyouhaveanappointmentwithyourlawyerand…M:Wait,youmeanthebusinessconferenceonTuesdayisQ:WhatwillthemandothisM:Canyoubelieveit?JessietoldherbosshewaswrongtohavefiredhismarketingdirectorW:Yeah,butyouknowJessie.Ifshehassomethinginmind,everyonewillknowaboutit.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?M:We’vegotthreewomenresearchersinourgroup:Mary,BettyandHelen.DoyouknowW:Sure.Maryisactiveandsociable.BettyisthemosttalkativewomanI’veevermet.Butguesswhat?Helen’sjusttheopposite.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthewoman’sremarkaboutW:JimmysaidthathewasgoingtomarryarichFrenchM:Don’tbesosure.Heoncetoldmethathehadboughtabighouse.Yethe’sstillsharinganapartmentwithMark.Q:WhatdoesthemanSectionBPassageUnlessyouhavevisitedthesouthernUnitedStates,youprobablyhaveneverheardofKudzu.Kudzu,asanyfarmerinthesouthwillsadlylyou,isasuper-poweredweed.Itisastrongclimbingnt.Onceitgetsstarted,Kudzuisalmostimpossibletostop.Itclimbstothetopsofthetallesttrees.Itcancoverlargebuildings.Wholebarnsandfarmhouseshavebeenknowntodisappearfromview.Whereveritgrows,itsthicktwistingstemsareextremelyhardtoremove.Kudzuwasoncethoughttobeahelpfulnt.OriginallyfoundinAsia,itwasbroughttoAmericatohelpprotectthelandfrombeingswallowedbythesea.Itwasntedwhereitstoughrootswhichgrowuptofivefeetlongcouldhelpholdbackthesoil.Butthentsoonspreadtoceswhereitwasn'twanted.Farmersnowhavetofighttokeepitfromkillingothernts.Inaway,Kudzuisasignoflaborshortageinthesouth.Wherethereisnoonetoworkthefields,Kudzusoontakesover.ThenorthernUnitedStatesfacesnothreatfromKudzu.Harshwinterskillitoff.Thentlovesthewarmthofthesouth,butthesouthsurelydoesn'tloveit.IfsomeonecouldinventsomeuseforKudzuremoveitfromsouthernfarmland,hisorherfortunewouldbeWhatdowelearnabout“Kudzu”fromtheWhatwillhappenifthefieldsareneglectedinthesouthernUnitedWhyisn'tKudzuathreattothenorthernUnitedPassageTheword“university”comesfromtheLatinword“universities”,meaning“thewhole”.Later,inLatinlegallanguage,“universities”meantasocietyorcorporation.IntheMiddleAges,thewordmeant“anassociationofteachersandscholars”.Theoriginsofuniversitiescanbetracedbacktothe12thto14thcenturies.Intheearly12thcentury,longbeforeuniversitieswereorganizedinmodernsense,studentsgatheredtogetherforhigherstudiesatcertaincentersoflearning.TheearliestcentersintheEuropewereatBoloniainItaly,foundedin1088.OtherearlycentersweresetupinFrance,theCzechRepublic,AustriaandGermanyfrom1150to1386.ThefirstuniversitiesinBritainwereOxfordandCambridge.Theywereestablishedin1185and1209respectively.ThefamousLondonUniversitywasfoundedin1836.ThiswasfollowedbythefoundationofseveraluniversitiessuchasManchesterandBirmingham,whichdevelopedfromprovincialcolleges.Itwasinthe1960'sthatthelargestexpansionofhighereducationtookceinBritain.Thisexpansiontook3basicforms:existinguniversitieswereenlarged,newuniversitiesweredevelopedfromexistingcollegesandcompleynewuniversitiesweresetup.InBritain,financeforuniversitiescomesfromthreesource:thefirst,andthelargestsource,isgrantsfromtheernment,thesecondsourceisfeespaidbystudentsandthethirdoneisprivatedonations.AlltheBritishuniversitiesexceptonereceivesomeernmentfunding.TheexceptionisBuckingham,whichisBritain'sonlyindependentuniversity.Whatdidtheword"Universities"meanintheMiddleWhywasthe1960ssosignificantforBritishHigherWhatisthemainfinancialsourceforBritishPassageOneofthebiggestproblemsindevelocountriesishunger.AnorganizationcalledHeiferInternationalisworkingtoimprovethesituation.Theorganizationsendsfarmanimalstofamiliesandcommunitiesaroundtheworld.AnAmericanfarmerDanWestdevelopedtheideaforHeiferInternationalinthe1930s.Mr.Westwasworkingi