考研英語真題(2013-2005)

【歷年考研英語真題】

經(jīng)過認(rèn)真整理用于考研前打印來重復(fù)練習(xí)

2013年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語一試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformation

whenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrength

that_theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.

UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig_3wasleading

decision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworking

with.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbe

morelikelytosendsomeonetoprison_7_hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixother

defendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.

To_8_thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9

ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterview

duringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.

Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissions

officers.Theinterviewershadapplicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale_

14_numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunction

withanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,a

standardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhetherto

accepthimorher.

DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesof

intervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone_17that,thenthe

scoreforthenextapplicantwould_18_byanaverageof0.075points.Thismight

soundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30

moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen_20_.

l.[A]grant[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers

2JA]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external

3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment

4JA]ForexamplefB]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall

5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless

6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for

7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless

8」A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test

9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success

10.[A]chosen[B]stupid[C]found[D]identified

1l.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise

12.fA]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured

13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged

14.[A]put[B]got?gave[D]took

15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather

16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced

17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below

18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate

19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard

20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpful

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsaftereach

textbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40

points)

Text1

Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedby

MerylStreep,scoldherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn't

affecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant'ssweater

descendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargain

bininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.

Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn'tbemoreoutofdate

oratoddswithfeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline'sthree-year

indictmentof"fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadesorso,advancesintechnologyhave

allowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmore

quicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quckiertumroundsmeanlesswasted

inventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Thoselabelsencourage

style-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposalmeanttolastonlyawash

ortwo,althoughtheydon'tadvertisethatandtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfew

weeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrands

havehijackedfashioncycles,shakingallindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonal

pace.

Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&M

tooffera5.95knitminiskirtinallits2300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrely

onlow-wage,overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,anduse

massiveamountofharmfulchemicals.

Overdressedisthefashionworld'sanswertoconsumeractivistbestsellerslike

MichaelPollan'sTheOmnivore'sDilemma.Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,

fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durable,andwasteful,Clineargues,Americans,

shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayearabout64itemsper

personandnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.

TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwoman

namedSKB,who,since2008hasmakeallofherownclothesandbeautifully.

ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;her

example,can'tbeknockedoff.

Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpact

onlaborandtheenvironmentincludingH&M,withitsgreenConscious

CollectionLineClinebelieveslasting-changecanonlybeeffectedbythe

customer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,be

itinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmore

sustainablywhentheycan'taffordtoit.

21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher

[A]poorbargainingskill.[B]insensitivitytofashion.

[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.[D]lackofimagination.

22.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumersto

[A]combatunnecessarywaste.[B]shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.

[C]resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.

[D]shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.

23.Theword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.[D]tolerance.

24.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraph?

[A]Vanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.

[B]Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.

[C]Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.

[D]Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.

25.Whatisthesubjectofthetext?

[A]Satireonanextravagantlifestyle.

[B]Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.

fC]Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.

[D]Exposureofamass-marketsecret.

Text2

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,

nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbe

muchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,

companiescanaim“behavioural”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersof

suchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobe

trackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga

"donottrack"(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisers

thattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple's

SafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarythe

FTCandDigitalAdwertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldget

crackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:ItsaidthatIntemetExplorer10,the

versionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnot

obligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.

Unabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyare

stickingwithMicrosoft'sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpresson

anyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusiness

too,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.

IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethe

norm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthe

firmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcount

before.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:"webelieve

consumersshouldhavemorecontrol.nCoulditreallybethatsimple?

26.Itissuggestedinparagraph1that“behavioural“adshelpadvertisersto:

[A]easecompetitionamongthemselves[B]lowertheiroperationalcosts

[C]avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers[D]providebetteronlineservices

27.“Theindustry^^(Line6,Para.3)refersto:

[A]onlineadvertisers[B]e-commerceconductors

[C]digitalinformationanalysis[D]intemetbrowserdevelopers

28.BobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault

fA]manycutthenumberofjunkads[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry

[C]willnotbenefitconsumers[D]goesagainsthumannature

29.whichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6?

[A]DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose[B]Advertisersare

willingtoimplementDNT

[C]DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers[D]Advertisersare

obligedtoofferbehaviouralads

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:

[A]indulgence[B]understanding[C]appreciaction[D]

skepticism

Text3

Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughby

nomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcureallthe

illsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.

Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciation

oftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimate

change.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolook

forwardto.

Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecies

haveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'twe?Takeabroaderlookatour

species1placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchance

ofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiens

inthe“RedList”ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionforthe

ConversationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread:"ListedasLeastConcernasthe

speciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andthereareno

majorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.'*

Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersand

organisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLong

NowFoundationhasitsflagshipprojectamedicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbe

markingtimethousandsofyearshence.

Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthan

aboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,and

itssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestleftto

sciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecan

envisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicated

tothenearfuture.

Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywith

considerableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehave

nowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,

andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichour

descendantswillfindthemselves.

Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikely

tobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenow

knowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceof

earlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.

31.Ourvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredby

[A]ourdesireforlivesoffulfillment

fB]ourfaithinscienceandtechnology

[C]ourawarenessofpotentialrisks[D]ourbeliefinequalopportunity

32.TheIUCN's“RedListMsuggestthathumanbeingare

[A]asustainedspecies[B]athreatentotheenvironment

[C]theworld'sdominantpower[D]amisplacedrace

33.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5?

[A]Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.

[B]Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.

[C]Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.

[D]OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.

34.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialto

[A]exploreourplanet'sabundantresources

fB]adoptanoptimisticviewoftheworld

[C]drawonourexperiencefromthepast

[D]curbourambitiontoreshapehistory

35.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]UncertaintyaboutOurFuture

[B]EvolutionoftheHumanSpecies

[C]TheEver-brightProspectsofMankind[

D]Science,TechnologyandHumanity

7

Text4

Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona's

immigrationlawMonday-amodestpolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.

ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeat

fbrtheAdministration'sefforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederal

governmentandthestates.

InArizonav.UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontested

provisionsofArizona'scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforce

federalimmigrationlaw.TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehas

thepowerto''establishauniformRuleofNaturalization“andthatfederallaws

precedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstate

policiesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones.

JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt's

liberals,ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.Ontheoverturned

provisionsthemajorityheldthecongresshaddeliberately“occupiedthefield”and

Arizonahadthusintrudedonthefederafsprivilegedpowers.

However,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbeallowedtoverifythe

legalstatusofpeoplewhocomeincontactwithlawenforcement.That5sbecause

Congresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenforcementand

explicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederal

colleagues.

TwoofthethreeobjectingJustice-SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas-agreed

withthisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflicted

withthefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntonin

Scalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktothe

alienandSeditionActs.

The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlito

describesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionassertionoffederalexecutive

powef\TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona'slawsconflictedwithitsenforcement

priorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,the

WhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthat

itdisagreeswith.

Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalgovernment,andcontrolof

citizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstates

fromusingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould.Itneverdidso.

Theadministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn'twanttocarryout

Congress'simmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.Every

Justicerightlyrejectedthisremarkableclaim.

36.ThreeprovisionsofArizona'splanwereoverturnedbecausethey

[A]deprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers.

fB]disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates.

[C]oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw.

[D]contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies.

37.OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4?

[AlFederalofficers7dutytowithholdimmigrants,information

.[B]States?independencefromfederalimmigrationlaw.

[C]States9legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement.

[D]Congress'sinterventioninimmigrationenforcement.

38.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActs

[A]violatedtheConstitution.[B]underminedthestates9interests.

fC]supportedthefederalstatute.[D]stoodinfavorofthestates.

39.TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcement

[A]outweighsthatheldbythestates.

[B]isdependentonthestates9support.

[C]isestablishedbyfederalstatutes.

[D]rarelygoesagainststatelaws.

40.Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?

[A]ImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress.

[B]JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministrstion.

[C]JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress.

9

[D]TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues.

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions

41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthe

numberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamillion

professionalsocialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideand

outsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2010,thenumberof

social-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince2000.

Yetthisenormousresourceinnotcontributingenoughtotoday'sglobal

challengesincludingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentand

health.(41)Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technologicaltoolstoeradicate

hunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstoarificialfertilizers.Here,too,the

problemsaresocial:theorganizationanddistributionoffood,wealthandprosperity.

(42)Thisisashame—thecommunityshouldbegraspingtheopportunityto

raiseitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphrasethegreatsocialscientistJoseph

Schumpeter:thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.

Today,thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternal

scholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.

Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincludingthekeywords

''environmentalchanged^^or"climatechange“haveincreasedrapidlysince

2004,(43)

Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoften

locakBelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgiumfor

example.Andwhetherthecommunity'sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverall

accumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.

Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailablefunding(44)thisis

anadequateamountsolongasitisaimedintherightdirection.Socialscientistswho

complainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday'seconomic

climate.

10

Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropeanUnionFramework

fundingprogramshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedatsocial

scientists.Thisyear,itwasproposedthatsystembechanged:Horizon2020,anew

programtobeenactedin2014,wouldnothavesuchacategory,Thishasresultedin

protestsfromsocialscientists.Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;

rather,thecompleteopposite.(45)Thatshouldcreatemorecollaborative

endeavorsandhelptodevelopprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalproblems.

[A]Itcouldbethatweareevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocialscientists:one

thatisdiscipline-orientedandpublishinginhighlyspecializedjournals,andonethat

isproblem-orientedandpublishingelsewhere,suchaspolicybriefs.

fB]However,thenumbersarestillsmalkin2010,about1,600ofthe100,000

social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneoftheseKeywords.

[C]theideaistoforcesocialtointegratetheirworkwithothercategories,

includinghealthanddemographicchangefoodsecurity,marineresearchandthe

bio-economy,clear,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties.

[DIthesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhat

itconsiderstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughtto

receivemuchmoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.

[E]Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehavior.allrequirebehavioral

changeandsocialinnovations,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment.Stemming

climatechange,fbrexample,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsand

promotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelopingcleanenergy.

[F]Despitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuch

problems.AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropaspecific

fundingcategoryforsocial-scienceresearchandtointegrateitwithincross-cutting

topicsofsustainabledevelopment.

[G]Duringthelate1990s,nationalspendingonsocialsciencesandthe

humanitiesasapercentageofallresearchanddevelopmentfunds-including

government,highereducation,non-profitandcorporate-variedfromaround4%to

25%;inmostEuropeannations,itisabout15%.

PartB:(10points)

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishtoChinese.Write

yourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

segmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWER

SHEET2.(10points)

Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasicneedintheindividualswho

madethem:theneedforcreativeexpression.Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidence

animpossibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expression

isabasichumanurge;(46)Yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegarden

createdbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,these

gardensspeakosvariousotherfundamentalurges,beyondthatofdecorationand

creativeexpression.

Oneoftheseurgeshadtodowithcreatingastateofpeaceinthemidstof

turbulence,a"stillpointoftheturningworld,toborrowaphrasefromT.S.Eliot.

(47)Asacredplaceofpeace,howevercmdeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,as

opposedtoshelter,whichisadistinctlyanimalneed.Thisdistinctionissomuchso

thatwherethelatterislacking,asitisfortheseunlikelygardens,thefoemer

becomesallthemoreurgent.Composureisastateofmindmadepossiblebythe

structuringofone'srelationtoone'senvironment.(48)Thegardensofthehomeless

whichareineffecthomelessgardensintroducefromintoanurbanenvironment

whereiteitherdidn'texistorwasnotdiscernibleassuch.Insodoingtheygive

composuretoasegmentoftheinarticulateenvironmentinwhichtheytaketheir

stand.

Anotherurgeorneedthatthesegardensappeartorespondto,ortoarisefromis

sointrinsicthatwearebarelyeverconsciousofitsabidingclaimsonus.Whenwe

aredeprivedofgreen,ofplants,oftrees,(49)mostofusgiveintoademoralizationof

spiritwhichweusuallyblameonsomepsychologicalconditions,untilonedaywe

findourselvesingardenandfeeltheexpressionvanishasifbymagic.Inmostofthe

homelessgardensofNewYorkCitytheactualcultivationofplantsisunfeasible,yet

evensothecompositionsoftenseemtorepresentattemptstocallarrangementof

materials,aninstitutionofcolors,smallpoolofwater,andafrequentpresenceof

petalsorleavesaswellasofstuffedanimals.Ondisplayherearevariousfantasy

elementswhosereference,atsomebasiclevel,seemstobethenaturalworld.(50)It

isthisimplicitorexplicitreferencetonaturethatfullyjustifiestheuseofword

gardenthoughina“l(fā)iberated”sense,todescribethesesyntheticconstructions.In

themwecanseebiophilia-ayearningforcontactwithnonhumanlife-assuming

uncannyrepresentationalforms.

SectionIIIWriting

PartyA

12

51Directions:

Writeane-mailofabout100wordstoaforeignteacherinyourcollegeinviting

him/hertobeajudgefortheupcomingEnglishspeechcontest.

Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthee-mail.Use“LiMing59instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB:(20points)

PartB

52Directions:

Writeanessayofabout160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.In

youressay,youshould

(1)describethedrawingbriefly,

(2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and

(3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

Fromthehighlyenlighteningdrawinggivenabove,wecanseeclearly

thatinthemiddleofthecartoonstandamultitudeofgraduates,confronted

withagreatmanychoices,tonameonlyafew,jobhunting,goingabroad,e

stablishingabusiness,takingpartinthepostgraduateexamination.Whatthec

artoonistryingtoinformusisquiteconspicuous--wisechoiceinourlife

isofutmostsignificanceandbenefitingusagreatdeal.

Thepicturevividlydeliverssuchacommonsocialphenomenonthatno

wadaysyoungsters,oncegraduatingfromuniversities,willbefacedwitha

varietyofoptionsfortheirfuture.Thefirststepusuallycomeswithconfusio

nanduncertainty,whichmakescollegestudentswastealotoftimewavering

13

fortheirchoices.However,astheoldsaying,“allroadslea