2014高考英語語法高頻考點(diǎn)透析復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！高考英語二輪重點(diǎn)語法復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案定語從句1.定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)及理解2.定語從句的關(guān)系詞的使用3.定語從句的簡化表達(dá)知識總結(jié)歸納（一）定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某個名詞或代詞的句子（做這個名詞或代詞的定語）叫定語從句，定語從句一般放在被修飾的名詞或代詞后面，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫做定語從句的先行詞，它與定語從句之間要有一個詞連接，這個詞指代先行詞的內(nèi)容叫做關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞：that,which,who,whose,when,where,）。先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，賓語，時間，地點(diǎn)，原因狀語。結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句。1.Thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.2.InJapan,someonewhoseesanotherpersonmakingthegesturewillthinkitmeansmoney.3.Athemeparkisacollectionofrides,exhibitionsorotherattractionsthatarebasedonacommontheme.4.TheparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsintheriversandcoastalwatersofAsia.5.Visitorscangoonexcitingrideswheretheycanfeelwhatitisliketodothethingstheyhaveseentheirheroesdointhemovie.6.OprahWinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.（二）定語從句分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句：限定性定語從句：從句對先行詞進(jìn)行必要的描述或說明，缺少它，則句義顯得不完整，從句與先行詞緊密相連。非限定性定語從句：對先行詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，解釋，它與先行詞之間有逗號隔開。1.Beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.2.Treeaftertreewentdown,cutdownbythewater,whichmusthavebeenthreemetersdeep.3.Flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.4.Theirtalkincludesrhythmandrhymingwordsaswellastonguetwisters,whichoftenmaketheaudienceapplaud.（三）關(guān)系詞前面可以根據(jù)定語從句的內(nèi)容加上一些介詞，這些關(guān)系詞在介詞后面常用which或whom.1.TherewasamanwithwhomIwouldhavetoworktogetherandfinallythemanagerofthecompany.2.Manypeoplewhosawthefilmwereafraidtoswimintheseawhentheyrememberedthescenesinwhichpeoplewereeatenbytheshark.知識重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)（一）當(dāng)先行詞有最高級，序數(shù)詞修飾，是不定代詞，或是all,no,only等形式時，關(guān)系代詞一般用that，而不能用which。1.TheTitanicwasthelargestshipthathadeverbeenbuiltatthattime.2.Thereisonethingthatkeepsworryingme.（二）當(dāng)先行詞是表示時間，地點(diǎn)，原因的詞時，關(guān)系詞用when,where,why還有which,that1.I‘mverygladtoreturntomyhometownwhereIhadlivedfor10years.2.ThisismyhometownwhichIusedtotalkabouttoyou.3.IthinkIcanunderstandthereasonwhyhedidn‘ttellthetruthtome.4.Noonebelievesthereasonthathegaveusabouthisabsenceatthemeeting.（三）定語從句的簡化表達(dá)：1.ThemanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.2.Theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.3.Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.說明：以上的定語從句部分可以用更加簡單的非謂語形式表達(dá)出來：1.ThemansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromWuhanUniversity.2.Thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow.3.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.4.Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:45.1說明：修飾一個名詞除了后面用定語從句以外，還可以用非謂語動詞形式：doing短語，done短語，beingdone短語，tobedone短語修飾。其結(jié)構(gòu)和意思如下：1.被修飾名詞+doing短語：正在做….的人/正在發(fā)生的事。2.被修飾名詞+done短語：被…..的人/事3.被修飾名詞+beingdone…..的人/事4.被修飾名詞+tobedone…..的人/事（1）Doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister?（2）Thecrazy‖gesture,movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear,means―youhaveaphonecall‖inBrazil.（3）Didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired?（4）Inacamera,thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed.（5）Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.（6）GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinChina.（7）TheYellowRiver,saidtobethemotherriver‖runsacrossChinalikeahugedragon.總結(jié)：以上做定語的那些短語就是英語語法中所說的分詞，不定式的各種形式作定語。1.V-ing或V-ed飾名詞前面。2.分詞作定語時，其動作應(yīng)與全句動作同時發(fā)生。V-ing表示主動意義和正在做，V-ed表示被動意義。beingdone表示正在被做的3.不定式作定語表示將要發(fā)生的，tobedone表示將要被做的【典型例題】[例1]Friendshipisneededbyall,_____playsanimportantroleinpeople‘slives.A.which分析：_____playsanimportantroleinpeople‘slives為非限定性定語從句修飾先行詞Friendship用which連接定語從句。B.thatC.whoD.it答案：A[例2]UncleLi_____Iworkedthreeyearsagohasretirednow.A.whoB.whomC.withwhomD.towhom_____Iworkedthreeyearsago作為定語從句修飾先行詞UncleLiIworkedwithUncleLithreeyearsago.所以關(guān)系詞前應(yīng)加上介詞with。答案：C[例3]Isthisthereason_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplainedC.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained分析：_____atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork修飾先行詞thereason指“他在會上就他工作中的粗心解釋的原因。先行詞在從句中做賓語。答案：A[例4]Teachers,_____workisratherhard,arebeingbetterpaidthanbefore.A.who分析：非限定性定語從句_____workisratherhard修飾先行詞teachers,它與從句中的work是從屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系詞用whoseB.thatC.whichD.whose答案：D[例5]TheOlympicGames,_____in776BC,didn‘tincludedwomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayingC.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedD.tobefirstplaying公元前776年被首次舉行的奧運(yùn)會，直到1912_____in776BC做定語修飾TheOlympicGames，指過去的內(nèi)容，表示被動。用done做定語。答案：C[例6]Thehouses_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionworkwillstartsoon.A.builtB.tobebuiltC.tobuildD.beingbuilt分析：根據(jù)句意房子即將開工。_____fortheteachersandtheconstructionwork修飾Thehouses應(yīng)為ThehousesThehouses將要為教師和施工修建的房子。答案：B[例7]Howmanyofus_____,ameetingthatisnotimportanttouswouldbeinterestedinthediscussion?2A.attendedB.attendingC.toattendD.haveattended分析：根據(jù)句意：比如說，我們當(dāng)中參加一個對我們毫不重要的會議的人會有多少人對這個討論感興趣呢？_____,say,ameetingthatisnotimportanttous修飾Howmanyofus做定語。與全句動作同步.答案：B[例8]Shehasthreechildren,_____isworkinginAustralia.A.whoB.oneofwhomC.oneofthemD.noneofthem分析：非限定性定語從句__isworkinginAustralia修飾先行詞threechildren，根據(jù)從句中的is判斷，是說：三個孩子中的一個在澳大利亞工作。答案：B【模擬試題】1.Susanistheverygirl_____thegooddeed.A.whomIthinkdidC.whoIthinkdidB.whomIthinkshedidD.Ithinkwhodid2.Luckily,thepoorboyhadenoughmoney_____hecouldbuyatrainticket.A.bywhichB.onwhichC.withwhichD.forwhich3.Thebook_____hedevotedmuchtimeistocomeoutnextmonth.A.whereB.whichC.towhichD.onwhich4.Thedaycamefinally_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay.A.whenB.inthatC.whichD.inwhich5.1.Don‘tyouthinkthequestion_____tomorrowisofgreatimportance.A.beingdiscussedC.tobediscussedB.discussedD.todiscuss6.Thefood_____atthemomentisforthedinnerparty.A.cookedB.tobecookedC.isbeingcooked7.Doyouknowtheteacher_____underthebigtree?D.beingcookedD.beingreadA.readB.readsC.reading【試題答案】1.C后面賓語從句didthegooddeed.的主語，所以關(guān)系詞不能用whom2.C定語從句_____hecouldbuyatrainticket.修飾先行詞：用這筆錢買火車票。關(guān)系詞前面需要加介詞：withSusantheverygirl在從句中做think3.C定語從句_____hedevotedmuchtimedevote….tosth.關(guān)系詞前加介詞：to4.A定語從句_____Iwasgivenanopportunitytoactintheplay修飾先行詞thedaytheday在從句中做時間狀語：在這一天我得到了扮演一個角色的機(jī)會。5.C短語_____tomorrow做定語修飾thequestion，根據(jù)表達(dá)的內(nèi)容：明天即將被討論的問題。應(yīng)當(dāng)用不定式的被動結(jié)構(gòu)做定語。6.D短語_____atthemoment做thefood的定語,Beingdone被??的??。7.C師。情態(tài)動詞1.情態(tài)動詞的推測表達(dá)現(xiàn)在分詞短語readingunderthebigtree做定語修飾theteacher表示：正在大樹下看書的那位老2.情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)虛擬語氣3.某些情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法知識重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)總結(jié)知識重點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動詞在表達(dá)推測意義的句子中的運(yùn)用：（一）用情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)事實的推測。can，could，，，must可以用來表達(dá)對事實的推測。根據(jù)說話人對事實的把握性大小，must表示“肯定?”，may/might/can/could表示“可能??”，must只用于肯定句中，may/might的否定式maynot/mightnot表示“可能不??”,而can/could可以用于疑問句，”，其否定式can‘t/couldn‘t表示“不可能”。用情態(tài)動詞可以對現(xiàn)在或過去的3事實進(jìn)行推測。對不同的時間內(nèi)容推測有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)。（二）對現(xiàn)在的事實進(jìn)行推測：主要結(jié)構(gòu)：…must/may/might+動詞原形be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語be+doing例句：1.YoumustbeJeanne.I‘mMathildeLoisel.Weusedtoknoweachotherverywell.2.Theymustbeinbedalreadyatthistimeofthenight.3.Theteachermustbejoking.4.Fredaisn‘tinclass.Shemustbesick.5.Theremustbesomethingwrong.6.Shemightbeveryclever,butshehasn‘tgotmuchcommonsense.7.Hemaybearrivingthisevening.8.Hemaybetravelingaroundtheworld.9.Thekeys‘tbeintheroom.Ihavejustsearcheditverycarefully.10.Canthenewsbetrue?（三）對過去的事實進(jìn)行推測：結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動詞+havedone/been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語例句：1.Mrs.Longmansmusthavebeenaprettygirlinheryouth.2.Hecouldn‘thaveseenAnnayesterday.She‘sgoneabroad.3.IthinkImusthaveleftmyglassesinthelibrary.4.Hemighthaveoversleptagain.5.WherecanTomhavegone?情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)虛擬語氣：表達(dá)“本來?”，“不然早就?”。這是情態(tài)動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實相反。表達(dá)了說話人的埋怨，后悔的語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是在一些情態(tài)動詞后面加havedone結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的意思，有如下結(jié)構(gòu)：shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone：本應(yīng)該??shouldnthavedone/oughtn‘ttohavedone：本不該??couldhavedone：本來可以??needn‘thavedone：本來沒必要??wouldliketohavedone：本來很想??wouldrathernothavedone:本來不愿意??could/might/havedone:不然早就??例句：1.Youshouldn‘thavelaughedathismistakes.2.Youcouldhavetoldusearlier.3.Ioughttohaveboughtthatdictionarylastweek.4.Yououghtnottohavespentsomuchtimeinreadingnovels.5.Weneednothavebeeninatearinghurrytocatchthetrain.6.Theywouldliketohaveseenthatfilmlastfilm.7.Ifhehadgivenmehisnumber,Icouldhavetelephonedhim.8.Theymighthavebeenfrozentodeathbutfortherescueintime.知識難點(diǎn)：某些情態(tài)動詞的特殊用法：need和dare的兩種形式的用法need和daretododo/does/did/或don‘t/doesn‘t/didn‘t。作為情態(tài)動詞使用時，主要用于疑問句和否定句中。情態(tài)動詞needn‘t（沒有必要，不必）相當(dāng)于don‘thaveto例句：1.Itiscold,youneedtowearsomewarmclothes.2.NeedIstayherewithyouforawhile?3.Howdareyouspeaktoparentslikethat?注意：Thankyou,youneedn‘t.4句型Idare從句。意思是：我肯定??=I‘msure或Thereisnodoubtthat+從句。例句：IdaresaythatmyunclewillgetthemoneyifIdie.will和would表示“意志”或“愿意”，would則指過去愿意做??例句：1.Hesaidthathewouldhelpus.2.Youmaytelephoneifyouwillacceptthisjob.would可以表達(dá)“過去習(xí)慣做??”類似于“usedtodo”例句：1.Whenwewerechildren,wewouldgoswimmingeverysummerinthatriver.表示請求，固定的句型：Will/Wouldyoupleasedo…?/Wouldyouliketodo…?例句：Will/Wouldyoupleasegivehimamessagewhenyouseehim?shall1.用于第一，三人稱，表示“請求”；“建議”或“推薦”例句：1.Shallwestartthemeetingnow?2.ShallIwatchTVnow?3.Shallmysoncarrythecaseforyou?2.用于第二人稱，表示“命令，“要求”，“許諾”例句：1.Youshalltakewhateveryoulike.2.Youshallnotgotothepartywithmeifyoumakesomuchnoiseagain.在表示推測的否定句或疑問句中，常用can/can‘t/could/couldn‘t不可能?”。而不能使用mustn‘t或must等詞。【典型例題】1.—Doyouthinkhewilldomeafavor?—AsfarasIknow,heisthelastonetohelpothers.He_____bepreparedtogiveyouahand,though.A.mightB.mustC.canD.should本題考查情態(tài)動詞推測性用法。根據(jù)heisthelastonetohelp（他是最不可能幫助別人的人），既然如此，那么“幫助你”的可能性也就最小了。答案為A2.—Look,someoneiscoming.Guesswhoit____be?—Ithinkit___beTom.—Idon‘tthinkit___be____.A.can;must;can;heC.must;can;must;hisB.may;can;must;himD.might;must;can;himself分析：根據(jù)備選答案。canGuesswhocanitbe?第二句應(yīng)該是IthinkitmustbeTom.Idontthinkitcanbehim/he.（不可能是他）。答案為A3.—DoyouknowMs.Wanglikeswalkingaftersupper?—Sure.She____aroundthecampusnow.A.mustbewalkingC.maywalkB.mustwalkD.maybewalking分析：關(guān)鍵詞Suremustbedoing表示肯定正在做。答案為A4.—IstayedatahotelinNewYork.—Oh,didyou?You_____withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldsayD.musthavestayed分析：首句說：我在紐約住在一家賓館里。在此ahotel是泛指。所以D選項不合題意。第二句在說：你本來可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Couldhavedone表示：本來可以。答案為A5.Whydidn‘tyoutellmetherewasnomeetingtoday?I_____allthewayherethroughtheheavysnow.A.needn‘thavedrivenC.mustn‘thavedrivenB.can‘thavedrivenD.shouldn‘thavedriven5分析：Needn‘thavedone表示本來沒必要。答案為A6.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.A.mustn‘tleaveB.shouldn‘thaveleftD.needn‘tleaveC.couldnthaveleft分析：Shouldhavedone正好表達(dá)了本句的意思。答案為B7.：AreyoucomingtoJeff‘sparty?B：I‘mnotsure.I_____gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might分析：根據(jù)B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去聽音樂會。Might表示推測：可能。答案為D8.：Ipromisethatshe____getanicepresentonherbirthday.B：Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?A.should分析：A說：“我答應(yīng)她在生日聚會上她會得到一份生日禮物。shall表示許諾。答案為D【模擬試題】B.mustC.wouldD.shall1.：IsJohncomingbytrain?B：Heshould,buthe_____not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.mustB.canC.needD.may2.Mr.White_____at8:30forthemeeting,buthedidntshowup.A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarriveC.shouldhavehadarrivedD.shouldbearriving3.Sorry,‘mlate.I_____haveturnedoffthealarmandgonetosleepagain.A.mightB.shouldC.canD.will4.You_____betired—You‘veonlybeenworkingforanhour.A.mustnotB.won‘tC.can‘tD.maynot5.—Ididn‘tgotoworkyesterdayafternoonbecausemycarbrokedown.—You_____mine.Iwasn‘tusingit.A.mightborrowB.couldhaveborrowedD.oughttoborrowC.canhaveborrowed6.—Amanansweredthephone.Isupposeitwasherhusband.—It_____herhusband.Hehasbeendeadforages.A.mustn‘tbeB.couldnthavebeenD.mustn‘thavebeenC.maynothavebeen【試題答案】1.根據(jù)B的回答“他應(yīng)該（坐火車來），但是也不一定，他喜歡開自己的車。本題考查了情態(tài)動詞的推測用法。may表示不十分有把握的推測。答案為D2.分析：根據(jù)句意：White先生本應(yīng)該在8:308:30Shouldhavedone表示：本應(yīng)該。答案為A3.分析：mighthavedone表示對過去的推測：可能已經(jīng)??答案為A4.分析：根據(jù)后半句You‘veonlybeenworkingforanhour.（你才剛干了一個小時）說明You_____betired（你不可能很累），can‘t表示“不可能”答案為C5.分析：聽到對方說“昨天車壞了而沒去上班”，第二個人說“你本來可以借我的車去上班?！北緛砜梢?能：couldhavedone.答案為B6.分析：第二個人是說：那個人不可能是她丈夫，因為她丈夫已經(jīng)去世多年了。根據(jù)對話的語境，是在談?wù)撨^去的事，表示過去不可能：couldnothavedone答案為：B與it有關(guān)的主要句型it強(qiáng)調(diào)句型知識總結(jié)歸納：（一）itit用做形式主語或形式賓語，而真正的主語或賓語（tododoing短語，名詞性從句）則放在句尾。主要句型：6It‘s形容詞/名詞連詞名詞性從句todosth.doingsth.find/make/think/feelit形容詞/名詞連詞名詞性從句todosth.doingsth.例句：1.ItwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.2.It‘susualforclosefriendstohavesimilarideasandbeliefs.3.It‘sapitythatIdidn‘tthinkofitearlier.4.It‘snousegoingtheresoearly.5.Outteacherthinksitnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.6.Didn‘tImakeitcleartoyouthatIwasnotcoming?7.Wefounditstrangethatnoonewouldtakethemoney.（二）其他句型1.It時間段+sb.+todosth.2.表示“據(jù)說，據(jù)報道，//相信/建議等It‘ssaidthat…….It‘sreportedthat……It‘sbelieved/thought/suggestedthat……例句：1.Itgenerallytakestimetoreachthispoint—beingonthesamewavelength.2.Itisbelievedthatthetwochildrenwentoffexploring（探險）ontheirownandgetstuckonthecliff.3.It‘ssuggestedthatweshouldhaveameetingtodiscusstheproblem.4.ItwasoncepredictedthatBritishandAmericanEnglishwouldbecomeseparatelanguagesfinally.（三）it在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中：在英語中，為了突出強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的某一個成分（謂語除外），達(dá)到強(qiáng)調(diào)或使聽話人特別注意這一部分的目的。便形成了一種強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Itis/被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who+句子的其他部分。Itis/wasnotuntil+時間+that+句子的其他部分。例句：1.IsawJohnonmywaytoschoolthismorning.ItwasJohnwho/thatIsawonmywaytoschoolthismorning.ItwasonmywaytoschoolthatIsawJohnthismorning.ItwasthismorningthatIsawJohnonmywaytoschool.2.ItwashisbestsuitthatJohnworetothedancelastnight.3.Itwasnotuntil1920thatregularradiobroadcastbegan.4.Itwasthestrangewaythingslookedandsoundedinmyfamiliarroomatnightthatfrightenedmesomuch.5.Itwasthekindnessandsympathyintheireyesthatpreventedmefromdoingso.知識難點(diǎn)：（一）注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的變形，即以一般疑問句或特殊疑問句的形式出現(xiàn)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。1.WhatisitthatJoecan‘tfindinthebathroom?2.WherewasitthatyoumettheforeignguestsfromAustralia?3.Ican‘tquiterememberwhenitwasthatwemarried.4.Wasitbecausehewasveryillthatheaskedforleave?（二）是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型還是that主語從句或其他復(fù)合句1.ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.2.Itisthesepoisonousproductsthatcancausethesymptomsoftheflu,suchasheadacheandachingmuscles.3.Itwasalmostten‘clockwhenoursoldierscamebackfromthefront.4.Wasitinthisplacethatthelastkingdied?（三）注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分帶有定語從句WasitattheairbattleonJune8,1944,whichwasledbyCaptainJohnsonthatPeterlosthislife.【典型例題】一.單項選擇：71.Idon‘tthinkpossibletomasteraforeignlanguagewithoutmuchmemory.B.thatC.itsD.itA.this分析：本題考查it做形式賓語的句型?！拔艺J(rèn)為沒有大量的記憶掌握一門外語是不可能的?！惫蔬x擇D2.DoesA.this分析：本題考查it做形式主語的句型：如果他沒能按時完成工作的話，這很要緊嗎？故選擇D3.‘smotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,butdidn‘thelp.A.heB.whichC.sheD.itmatterifhe‘tfinishthejobontime?B.thatC.heD.it分析：本題考查itItTom的母親始終告訴他應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。故選擇D4.isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.There分析：本題考查it做形式主語的句型：英語正在作為一種國際性語言被接受是一個事實。選擇D5.Itwasinthesmallhouse___wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather___hespenthischildhood.B.ThisC.ThatD.ItA.which;thatB.that;whereD.that;whichC.which;which分析：本題考查帶有定語從句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用法。句中：“___wasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather的定語從句。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分是inthesmallhouse___wasbuiltwithstonesbyhis。根據(jù)句意：他正是在他父親用石頭蓋的房子里度過了他的童年。故選擇A二.單句改錯：1.Thatissaidthatthisnovelhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.分析：根據(jù)句意：據(jù)說這部小說已經(jīng)被譯成多種語言。表示據(jù)說，應(yīng)當(dāng)說：ItissaidthatThat改為：It2.Isthisyourturntocleantheblackboard?分析：根據(jù)句意：該輪到你擦黑板了吧？輪到某人做某事：Itisone‘sturntodo….Thisit3.Itisknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.分析：Itisknowntoeveryonethat+Asisknowntoeveryone+陳述句。It改為：As,或去掉“，”加連詞that4.Theofficialmadethisclearthathewoulddoeverythingpossibletosolvetheproblem.根據(jù)句意：這位官員宣布將盡一切力量解決這個問題。固定結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)當(dāng)是：makeitclearthat+陳述句。It在此是形式賓語。This改為：it5.Itwasintheparkwheretheoldcoupletoldmetheirlovestory.分析：根據(jù)句意可以知道本句用了強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)：inthepark所以按照強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)where改為：that6.Althoughwecan‘tseethem,thereisairaroundus.分析：句中的代詞them根據(jù)句意應(yīng)當(dāng)指代后面的air，但air是不可數(shù)名詞，因此them改為：it三.翻譯句子：1.直到星期三我才給辦公室去電話。分析：表達(dá)“直到??才??可以用notuntil…引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句；也用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型；或倒裝句。翻譯：（1）IdidnttelephonetheofficeuntilWednesday.（2）ItwasnotuntilWednesdaythatItelephonedtheoffice.（3）NotuntilWednesdaydidItelephonetheoffice.2.只有當(dāng)我們看不清楚的時候，我們才意識到我們眼睛的重要性。分析：本句可以用強(qiáng)調(diào)句表達(dá)，也可以用倒裝句：翻譯：（1）Itisonlywhenwecannotseeperfectlythatwerealizehowimportantoureyesare.（2）Onlywhenwecannotseeperfectlydowerealizehowimportantoureyesare.3.Itwasinsurgerythattheresultsofthatdiscoverywereobtained,anditwastherethatthebattlebetweenthenewideaandtheoldprejudiceswasfoughtoutmostdramatically.翻譯：那些發(fā)現(xiàn)的成果是在外科醫(yī)學(xué)中獲得的，也正是在那里，新思想與舊偏見用最富有戲劇性的方式展開了戰(zhàn)斗?！灸M試題】8一.單項選擇：1.NobodythinksA.thatverypolitetobealwayscuttinginwhenanotherpersonistalking.B.thisC.itD.there2.Iwasdisappointedwiththefilm,IhadexpectedA.thisB.thatC.one3.Hetoreupmyphotoandupsetme.A.thisB.itC.whichtobemuchbetter.D.itD.what4.ItwaswithgreatcourageA.which;thattheboytoldthetruthB.when;whathehadstolenthemoney.C.as;thatD.that;that5.WhenItrytofindtherearetwomaincauses.A.whatitdoesthatpreventssomanypeoplefromtakingpartintheprogram,itseemstomethatB.whatitisD.whyitisC.whyitdoes6.Nancyisexpectinganotherbabyandhopeswillbeaboy.D.thereA.heB.thatC.it二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：將下列陳述句按劃線的內(nèi)容變?yōu)閺?qiáng)調(diào)句。1.Thechildrenoftenhelptheirparentsdothefarmwork.2.In1993,atomatowasdevelopedthatwasverydifferentfromanygrownbefore.3.ThebiggestproblemofChinesefarmersistheshortageofarableland.4.Futureagricultureshoulddependonhightechnologyaswellastraditionalmethods.三.閱讀理解：AItisimportanttoknowanotherlanguageandhowtocommunicatewithoutwordswhenyouareinanothercountry.Beforesayinganything,peoplecommunicatewitheachotherbyusinggestures.However,manygestureshavedifferentmeanings,ornomeaningatall,indifferentpartsoftheworld.IntheUnitedStates,noddingyourheadupanddownmeansyes,whileinsomepatsofGreeceandTurkey,itmeansno.InthesoutheastofAsia,itisapolitewayofsayingIheardyou.TodayintheUSA,whensomeoneputshisthumbup,itmeansEverythingisallright.However,inGreeceitisbad.Alsoputtingyourclasped（緊握的）handsupaboveyourheadmeansIamthewinner.Itisthesignwhichplayersoftenmake.InRussiaitisthesignoffriendship.IntheUSA,holdingyourhandupwiththethumbandindexfinger（食指）,andtheotherthreestraightmeansEverythingisOK.InFrance,itmeansYouareworthnothing.Itisalsoimportanttomakeeyecommunication.IfyoulookdownwhentalkingtoanAmerican,heorshemayfeelthatyouareshy,oryouaretryingtohidesomething.Besidesthese,youshouldalsoknowtherearesometopicsthatcannotbetalkedabout,suchasage,weightandmarriage.Youcantalkabouttheweather,work,sports,food,whereonelivesandnewsoftheday.1.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Peopleallovertheworldonlycommunicatebywords.B.Manygestureseitherhavedifferentmeaningsornomeaningsatall.C.Gesturesarethemostcommonwaytocommunicate.D.Peoplecantalkaboutanythinginanothercountry.2.InGreecenoddingyourheadmeans_________.A.Yes.B.NoC.IheardyouD.Iamthewinner3.Puttingthethumbupshouldnotbeusedin_____.A.GreeceB.theUSAC.EnglandD.China4.Whatdoesthissentencemean….youractioncanspeaklouderthanyourwords?A.Whatyoudoisbetterthanwhatyousay.B.Youtryyourbesttobepolite.C.Youarebetterunderstoodbyyourgesturesthanthroughyourwords.D.Whatyousayisbetterthanwhatyoudo.95.Themainideaofthepassageisthatwhenyouareinanothercountry,_____.A.itisimportanttoknowthelanguage.B.itisimportanttoknowwhatyoutalkabouttoaforeigner.C.toknowhowtocommunicatewithoutwordsisasimportantastoknowthelanguage.D.tocommunicatethroughgesturesismoreimportantthantoknowthelanguage.BIntheolddays,asonewifesaid.Thehusbandwasthehusbandandthewifewasthewife.husbandseachhadtheirownwayofgoingon.The‘jobsweretolookafterthem.InthepastThewiveswouldn‘tstandforitnowadays.Husbandshelpwiththechildrennow.Theystaymore,aswellashavemoreinterest,athome.Weshallgivesomeexamplesofwhathusbandsdo,firstlyinsharingworkwiththeirwives;andsecondly,intheirlargelyindependentdomain（領(lǐng)域）ofhouserepairs.Somehusbands,aswellasdoingmuchoftheheavyworkinthehome,carryingthecoals,andemptyingtherubbish,actasassistantstotheirwivesforatleastpartoftheday.Mr.Hammondwashesupthedisheseverynightandlaysthebreakfastforthemorning.Mr.ClarksaidthatonSundaymorningsheusuallyhovered（吸塵）aroundandreadplaysaloudforhiswifewhileshedidabitofwashing.Mr.Davispolishesthefloorsandhelpstomakethebedsatweekend,andduringweekdays,takesthedogoutforoneofhistwice-dailywalks.Soitgoeson….1.Theexpressionactasassistantstotheirwivesmeansthat____.A.husbandsreadplaysaloud.B.husbandsarepaidbytheirwives.C.husbandshelptheirwives.D.husbandslookaftertheirsickchildren.2.themeaningofthe‘swordsatthebeginningofthepassagewerethat____.A.inthepastmenstayedathomeallday.B.inthepasttherewasacleardivisionofroleinthefamily.C.inthepastmostboysandgirlsweremarriedatanearlyage.D.inthepastwivesandhusbandslivedseparately.3.WhatdoesMr.Davisdoatweekends?A.Hecleansthefloorsandmakesthebeds.B.Hereadsplaysaloudanddoestheweeklyshopping.C.Hecooksfoodforhiswife.D.Hetakesthedogoutforawalk.4.Inthepast,thewoman‘smainjobwasto___.A.takethechildrentoschool.B.takecareoftheirhusband.C.dothewashingup.D.digthegarden.5.Thepassageismainlyabout____.A.thedivisionofhusbands,wivesandchildren.B.howtogetonwellbetweenhusbandsandwives.C.therelationshipbetweenhusband,wivesandchildren.D.therelationshipbetweenhusbandandwivestoday.【試題答案】一.單項選擇：1.C，it在句中做形式賓語。句型為thinkit+形容詞+todosomething2.D，it在句中作為代詞指代前面說的film3.B，it作為代詞指代前面Hetoreupmyphoto這件事。4.Dhehadstolenthemoney.做thetruth的同位語從句，用that引導(dǎo)。5.B，這是一個強(qiáng)調(diào)句的變形，強(qiáng)調(diào)句變成了特殊疑問句又做find的賓語從句，what是被強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)句義：我在努力發(fā)現(xiàn)到底是什么阻止了這么多人參加這個項目。6.C，Nancy很快又要有一個孩子了，她希望這是個男孩。指代baby用代詞it10二.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.Itisthechildrenthatoftenhelptheirparentsdothefarmwork.2.ItwasIn1993thatatomatowasdevelopedthatwasverydifferentfromanygrownbefore.3.ItistheshortageofarablelandthatthebiggestproblemofChinesefarmersis4.Itishightechnologyaswellastraditionalmethodsthatfutureagricultureshoulddependon.三.閱讀理解：A答案與分析：1.B細(xì)節(jié)判斷題，根據(jù)第一段However,manygestureshavedifferentmeanings,ornomeaningatall,indifferentpartsoftheworld.可以得知：許多手勢在某些地區(qū)要么有著不同的含義要么根本就沒有任何意義。2.B根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可以得知點(diǎn)頭在希臘某些地區(qū)的含義。3.A根據(jù)第三段：TodayintheUSA,whensomeoneputshisthumbup,itmeansEverythingisallright.However,inGreeceitisbad.可以得知樹大拇指在希臘的含義不同于在美國。它是“不好”的表示，不應(yīng)使用。C，D兩項文章沒有涉及。4.C語句理解。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容：人們在國外與人交流要么懂得外語，要么學(xué)會使用手勢交流。所以說“通過手勢動作比通過語言能更好地被人理解。5.C考查文章的主旨。第一段第一句交代了文章的主題。B答案與分析：1.C，根據(jù)第三段：Somehusbands,aswellasdoingmuchoftheheavyworkinthehome,carryingthecoals,andemptyingtherubbish,actasassistantstotheirwivesforatleastpartoftheday.可以得知丈夫在也幫助他們的妻子。2.B，根據(jù)第一段可以知道：在過去，在家庭中夫妻各有分工，充當(dāng)各自的角色。3.，根據(jù)最后一段：Mr.Davispolishesthefloorsandhelpstomakethebedsatweekend,andduringweekdays,takesthedogoutforoneofhistwice-dailywalks.可以得出結(jié)論。4.B，根據(jù)第一段：The‘jobsweretolookafterthem.可以知道過去妻子的任務(wù)。5.D，考查文章的主旨：從全文內(nèi)容上看，文章講述了夫妻在家中的關(guān)系。主謂一致知識總結(jié)歸納（一）概述：be動詞，助動詞do,have以及一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)中的動詞形式。謂語動詞與主語保持一致的基本原則：語法一致，就近一致和意義一致。名詞或代詞做主語有人稱和單，復(fù)數(shù)之分，動詞的單數(shù)就是第三人稱單數(shù)形式，而動詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式即動詞的原形。例句：1.Iamseventeen,andheissixteen.2.Thereisadeskintheroom,buttherearenochairsinit.3.Johngetsupatsixo‘clockeverymorning.4.WhatisthelatestnewsabouttheOlympicGames?5.Thefamilyaresittingatthebreakfasttable.（二）語法一致：1.由and連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語：（1）這部分主語表示的是兩個人或兩件不同的事物，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例句：①M(fèi)ybrotherandIhavebothseenthatfilm.②BothriceandwheataregrowninthispartofChina.③Thepoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.④Reading,writingandarithmeticarecalledthethreeR‘s.（2）這部分主語表示具有兩個身份或性質(zhì)的同一個人或一個完整的事物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：①Theprofessorandwriterisspeakingatthemeeting.②Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.11③Onemoreknifeandforkisneeded.④Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.⑤Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.⑥Breadandbutterisourdailyfood.⑦Fishandchipsisapopularfastfood.⑧ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagofU.S.A.（3）這部分主語前面有each,every,manya,no等修飾時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例句：①Eachdoctorand（each）nursewasgivenanewshirt.②Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.③Manyaboyandgirlhasmadethesamemistake.④Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.2.動名詞，不定式，主語從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：①Readingisagreatpleasureinlife.②Tolivemeanstocreate.③Thatweneedmoretimeisobvious.④Whatisneededisfoodandmedicine.3.例句：①Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.②Eighthoursofsleepisenough.4.不定代詞anyone,anything,everyone,everything,someone,something,noone,nothing,eachtheother等做主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例句：①Isanybodygoingtotellhimthenews?②Someonewantstoseeyou.（三）就近原則由連詞or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso,連接的兩個名詞或代詞做主語時，謂語動詞和離它最近的哪個名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)一致。例句：1.EitheryouorJeanistobesenttoNewZealand.2.NotonlyhisfamilybutalsohelikesChaplin‘smovies.3.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.4.GeorgeorTomis