高三第二學(xué)期語法專題：英語常考時(shí)態(tài)重難點(diǎn)歸納(共16張PPT)

英語?？紩r(shí)態(tài)重難點(diǎn)歸納16TensesinEnglish

狀態(tài)時(shí)間

一般

進(jìn)行

完成

完成進(jìn)行

現(xiàn)在

do/doesam/is/aredoinghave/hasdone

have/hasbeendoing

過去

didwas/weredoing

haddone

hadbeendoing

將來

will/shalldo

will/shallbedoing

will/shallhavedonewill/shallhavebeendoing

過去將來Would/shoulddo

would/shouldbedoingwould/shouldhavedonewould/shouldhavebeendoing兩者都可以表將來，但有所不同：

Myflightleavesat10a.m.tomorrow.

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示按規(guī)定，時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),其客觀性較強(qiáng)。一般用于be,come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,takeoff等位移/終止性動(dòng)詞，常與將來的時(shí)間狀語連用

Weareverysadtohearthatyouareleaving.

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用來表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,其計(jì)劃性較強(qiáng)。多用于位移/終止性動(dòng)詞,如:

come,go,arrive,die,leave,stop,travel…

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來

Wemusthurryup.Thefirstclass______________(begin)at8o'clock.I_________________(leave)forBeijingnextmonth.Theplane_________(take)offat8:00a.m.They__________(get)marriednextmonth.beginsamleavingaregettingtakes(1)表心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞：like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,mean,need。(2)表存在的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞：have,appear,exist,lie,remain,seem,belongto,dependon。(3)瞬間動(dòng)詞：begin/start,allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。(4)感官動(dòng)詞：see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look?！咀⒁狻?/p>

一般情況下，下面4類動(dòng)詞無進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)：

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(ThepresentPerfectTense)

1).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過去開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),通常用于延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.常與表一段時(shí)間的狀語連用,如:sofar,lately/recently,in/during/overthelast/past…,since…,for…

等．He__________(live)inXinyangoverthepast6years.haslived2).表示某一動(dòng)作在過去已經(jīng)完成,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果有影響,常用的時(shí)間狀語有:just,already,yet,ever,never,before,lately,manytimes等.

havefinishedHaveheardWe____________(finish)ourlunchalready.______youever______(hear)ofthatstory?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的比較：Ihavefinishedmylunchalready.(已吃過午飯，現(xiàn)在不餓了)Ifinishedmylunchat11:30am.(只是客觀說明在11:30吃了午飯)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)可能從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始發(fā)生，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；也可能動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，現(xiàn)已完成，強(qiáng)調(diào)了動(dòng)作已完成，但其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不與具體的過去時(shí)間狀語連用。一般過去時(shí)客觀地描述發(fā)生在過去的事情，動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)已經(jīng)結(jié)束，跟現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。一般過去時(shí)常與具體的過去時(shí)間連用。Let’spractice1.Daniel__________(live)inBeijingsincehecametoChina.2.I_______(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriendsinthecountrysideseveralyearsago.3.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut_____________(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingto…(2019全國卷）haslivedhavereportedspent

固定的特殊句型：

1).Itis(hasbeen)+一段時(shí)間+since-clause.Eg:Itis/hasbeen10yearssinceIlastsawhim.2)This/That/Itis

thefirst(second…)time+that-clause(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)).

Eg:This/That/Itisthefirst/second…timethatIhavevisitedtheGreatWall.Tips:過去完成時(shí)(ThePastPerfectTense)

1.過去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，必須在有過去“參照時(shí)間”的情況下才能使用。即表示“過去的過去”。這也是區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)的一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。eg:1.WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadleft.eg:2.Bytheendoflastmonth,we________________(learn)10units.eg:3.He______________(learn)Englishfor6yearswhenheenteredtheuniversity.hadlearnedhadlearned2.動(dòng)詞hope,intend,mean,plan,want,think等的“過去完成時(shí)”可用來表示“過去本打算做而實(shí)際上卻沒有做的事eg:1.Ihadintendedtohelpyou,butIwastoobusytogothere.2.IhadhopedtoseemoreofShanghai.3.在虛擬語氣中，用于表示“與過去事實(shí)相反”的條件從句中及wish等之后的賓語從句中eg:1.Ifhe_________________(take)myadvice,hewouldn'thavefailedintheexam.

2.IwishI________________(work)hard.（與過去事實(shí)相反）3.I'dratheryou_______________(tell)himthenewsthatday.

我真希望你那天沒有把那個(gè)消息告訴他。hadtakenhadworkedhadn'ttold

固定的特殊句型：

1)This/That/Itwasthefirst(second…)time+that-clause(過去完成時(shí)).Eg:This/That/ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWall.2）hardly/scarcely…when;nosooner…than表示“一…就…”的句型，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。Eg:1.Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.2.HardlyhadIfinishedmyhomeworkwhenthetelephonerang.Tips:特殊句型：byt