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熱點(diǎn)04語法填空
【命題趨勢】
在一篇200左右詞的短文中留出十個(gè)空白,所設(shè)空白分有詞填空和無詞填空二種。有詞填空題考查:
時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、形容詞或副詞的級(jí)、非謂語動(dòng)詞和簡單構(gòu)詞法。無詞填空考查:代詞、冠詞、連詞、介詞和
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。要求考生根據(jù)空白所在句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)及句子間的邏輯關(guān)系,用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填
寫,以便使短文準(zhǔn)確無誤。本題型主要考查考生在文章中正確使用英語語法知識(shí)的能力。
【滿分技巧】
答題原則:以句子為單位來考慮含有空白的句子。答不出時(shí),再考慮設(shè)空所在句與前句或后句的關(guān)系。
A.有詞填空題
這類題在一個(gè)設(shè)空處可填一至三個(gè)詞,其中考查最多、最難的是用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。這包含對時(shí)態(tài)、
語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞及構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)的考查。首先要確定該空應(yīng)該使用謂語動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、)還是用非謂語動(dòng)
詞。規(guī)律是:每個(gè)句子(從第一個(gè)詞到句號(hào)或嘆號(hào)算作一個(gè)句子)都遵循這個(gè)等式:謂語數(shù)-1=連詞數(shù)。其中
一個(gè)破折號(hào)(若后面是句子)、分號(hào)、冒號(hào)算作一個(gè)連詞;連接并列成分的連詞,承接上文的連詞,以及when、
if、though與非謂語動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)的不計(jì)數(shù)。在填含有已給動(dòng)詞的空白時(shí),依據(jù)已知的謂語動(dòng)詞和連詞的數(shù)量
所構(gòu)成的等式來判斷。若左邊(前面)再加1等式才成立,需要填謂語動(dòng)詞;若相等,需要填非謂語動(dòng)詞(詳
見下列《技巧應(yīng)用》)
B.無詞填空題
這類題一個(gè)空白只許填一個(gè)詞,其中考查最多、最難的是填從屬連詞。判斷是否填連詞的方法也是根
據(jù)上述等式(遇到難句、長句、復(fù)雜句,才使用)來考慮:即,若右邊(后面)再加1等式才成立,需要填連詞。
考查代詞、冠詞、連詞、介詞、形容詞或副詞的級(jí)和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的填空題相對較簡單。將在《技巧應(yīng)用》
或《限時(shí)檢測》中詳述。
【熱點(diǎn)話題】閱讀、健康、運(yùn)動(dòng)、社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)、垃圾分類、文化介紹等
英語語法填空高考考點(diǎn)整理
一、從句引導(dǎo)詞
1定語從句
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷(新高考全國I卷))The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formed
thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum39openedin1759.(which/that本句考查定語從句)
(2019全國2卷)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepctshopinMacclesfield,sheopenedwithherlate
husbandLes.(which非限制性定語從句)
(2018全國1卷)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014showedamerefiveto10minutea
dayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses,(that/which定語從句,指物,在從句中做主:語故
用關(guān)系代詞)
(2018全國2卷)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernmentstaredasoil-testing
programgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers.(that/which定語從句,指物,在從句中做主語故用關(guān)系代詞)
(2017全國1卷)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth,(which非限制性定語從句)
(2016全國1卷)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,!wasthefirstWestern
TVreporter...(when非限制性定語從句,先行詞是時(shí)間,在從句中做時(shí)間狀語)
2賓語從句
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷)Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson57.couldbehuntedor
gatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.
(what考查名詞性從句。句意:在幾千年的時(shí)間里,他們開始減少對我們從野外采集的獵物的依賴,而更多地依賴他們
飼養(yǎng)的動(dòng)物和播種的莊稼。分析句子,賓語從句部分缺主語,所以引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)為“連接代詞根據(jù)句意,此處缺“什么”之意。
故填what。)
(2015全I(xiàn)國2卷)Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly__thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethe
cycleworkonmostdays.(how引導(dǎo)賓語從句)
3同位語從句
(2019全國1卷)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencetheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthas
JamesBayinCanada,(that同位語從句)
二、謂語動(dòng)詞的的變式
1時(shí)態(tài)
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷)Newmethods65.(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarmingsmeant句意:新方法意味著
更少的人從事農(nóng)業(yè)。分析句子,主句部分無其他動(dòng)詞,故此處需填時(shí)態(tài)。文章的整體時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí),根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)--致原則此處
也應(yīng)為過去時(shí)。邏輯主語和動(dòng)詞之間表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系。所以此處填過去時(shí)的主動(dòng)形式。故填meant。)
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷)Byabout6000BC,people61_(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise,(had
discovered句意:大約在公元前6000年,人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了最適宜種植的莊稼和最適宜飼養(yǎng)的牲畜。分析句子,簡單句中除了
提示詞外無其余動(dòng)詞,故此處需用動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。邏輯主語和提示詞之間表示主動(dòng)邏輯。by+過去時(shí)間譯為“到…為止”,后面
的句子用過去完成時(shí)。故填haddiscovered.)
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷(新高考全國I卷))The80,0(K)objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,38(form)the
corecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.(formed句子中有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語,因此謂語部分用過去時(shí))
(2019全國1卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut(rcport)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,
(havereported現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),標(biāo)志是inrecentyears)
(2019全國2卷)Pickinguphcrt4LifctimcAchicvcmcnf'award,proudIrene(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher
36-ycar-oldbusiness,(declared?般過去時(shí))
(2019全國2卷)IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI66(make)overtheyears.(havemade
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),標(biāo)志是overtheyears)
(2018全國1卷)Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit__(be)moreeffectiveatlengthening
lifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming,(is一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
(2018全國2卷)Since2011,thecountry(grow)morecornthanrice.(hasgrown現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),標(biāo)志是since)
(2018全國2卷)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernment(start)asoil-testing
programthatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers,(started?般過去時(shí),標(biāo)志為過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)2005年)
(2017全國2卷)Later,engineers(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecame
knowntothetube.(managed根據(jù)全文時(shí)態(tài)判定為一般過去時(shí))
(2016全國2卷)Itcouldbeanything-gardening,cooking,music,sports-butwhateveritis,(make)sureit'sarelieffromdaily
stressratherthananotherthingtoworryabout.(make祈使句用動(dòng)詞原形)
2語態(tài)(主被動(dòng))
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷)And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood59.(nccd).(wasneeded句意:隨著越多的小孩
出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,邏輯主語和need之間表示被動(dòng)邏輯。同時(shí)此處描述的是過去的時(shí)間,所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用過
去時(shí)。故此處應(yīng)用過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。food為不可數(shù)名詞。故填wasneeded。)
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷(新高考全國I卷))Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40.(call)galleriesorrooms,(are
called本句考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài))
(2020年全國II卷)Theyareeasy68_(care)forandmakegreatpresents.(tocare這個(gè)是主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義,本句中
與謂語部分的形容詞有關(guān))
(2017全國1卷)Whenfatandsalt(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifismissingsomething.(areremoved主語是fatand
salt,be動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式,被動(dòng)表示脂肪和糖從食物中被除去)
(2017全國2卷)Steamengines(use)topullthecarriages...(wereused根據(jù)全文判定時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí),根據(jù)主
語engines判定為復(fù)數(shù),被動(dòng)表示蒸汽引擎被用于…)
(2016全國1卷)I(arrow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre,(wasallowed首先文章是一
般過去時(shí)的記敘文,其次我是單數(shù),被允許為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
3主謂一致
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷(新高考全國I卷))Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection41.(be)on
display.(is主語是collection為單數(shù),謂語也用單數(shù))
(2020年全國II卷)Thisiswhydecoratingwilhplants,fruitsandflowers62(carry)specialsignificance,(carries表語
從句的主語是decorating由介詞with引導(dǎo)的詞語不是主語,謂語動(dòng)詞與wilh等介詞前面的主語保持一致)
(2019全國1卷)threearcdeclining,six(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata,(arc主:語six指發(fā)現(xiàn)的
六個(gè)企鵝種群,為復(fù)數(shù))
(2017全國1卷)Fastfood(be)fulloffatandsalt;(isfood是不可數(shù)名詞,be動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))
(2016全國2卷)Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow(be)oftenacceptable,(is動(dòng)名詞作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞用
單數(shù))
4非謂語的變化(不定式,動(dòng)名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞)
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththeseasons(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,
9_(make)useofannualfloodsloirrigate(灌溉)theirfields』making句意:后來,他們學(xué)會(huì)了因地制宜,在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間播種,在
干旱地區(qū),利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子,make所處的分句中無主語,故此處需用非謂語動(dòng)詞。makeuseof和邏輯
主語they之間表示“主動(dòng)”關(guān)系。所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing)形式做狀語。故填making。)
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷)Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology60.(change)lives.(to
change句意:農(nóng)業(yè)讓人們第一次體驗(yàn)到技術(shù)改變生活的力量。分析句子,簡單句中已有動(dòng)詞gave故提示詞部分需用非謂語
動(dòng)詞。分析句意,此處需用不定式表示目的。故填t。change。)
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷(新高考全國I卷))Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputer
simulations(模擬)andimaginethemselves(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43(walkthrougha
rainforest.(walking現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)
(2020年全國II卷)Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes65(decorate)withredenvelopes
andmessagesofgoodfortune.(decorated過去分詞作后置定語修飾賓語them)
(2020年全國II卷)Theyrepresenttheearth63(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings,
(coming本句的謂語動(dòng)詞是represent,coming是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語修飾賓語earth)
(2019全國1卷)Modemmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andare
expensive(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea,(toperform考查動(dòng)詞不定式,本句本句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu),后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作
狀語。)
(2019全國1卷)Scientistshaverespondedby(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregaling(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.
(noting現(xiàn)在分詞作介詞賓語)
(2019全國2卷)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded^WomanOfTheYcaf'for(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-still
working40hoursaweek,(being現(xiàn)在分詞作介詞賓語)
(2019全國2卷)Pickingupher4tLifetimeAchievemenf'award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans(retire)fromher
36-year-oldbusiness,(toretire)
(2019全國2卷)Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort-listed>wethoughtitwasajoke,(saying現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語,
主動(dòng))
(2018全國1卷)Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong___(see)thebenefit,(tosee動(dòng)詞不定式作非謂語表目的)
(2018全國1卷)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof___(die)earlybyrunning,(dying動(dòng)名
詞作介詞賓語)
(2018全國2卷)Thegovcmmcntcncouragesfarmerstogrowconiinsteadofrice(improve)waterquality,(toimprove動(dòng)詞不
定式作非謂語表目的)
(2018全國2卷)China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile(feed)itscitizens“。徐rsusefullessonsforagricultureand
foodpolicymakersworldwide,“saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.(feeding)
(2017全國1卷)Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecover
frominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions,(toprocess動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,berequiredtodosth.被要求做某事)
(2017全國1卷)by(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(eating動(dòng)名詞作介詞
賓語)
(2017全國2卷)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.(laying
動(dòng)名詞作included的賓語,也可根據(jù)diggingup和building判定)
(2016全國1卷)IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfrom
starvationinthewild,(permitted過去分詞作后置定語,表被動(dòng))
(2016全國1卷)Myambassadorialdutieswillinclude(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduand
othersataresearchinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.(introducing動(dòng)名詞作賓語)
(2016全國2卷)Ifyoufindsomethingyoulovedoingoutsideoftheoffice,you'llbelesslikely(bring)yourworkhome,(to
bring動(dòng)詞不定式,可能做某事islikelyto...)
(2015全國1卷)Astudyoftravelers___(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinations
intheworld.(conducted過去分詞作后置定語,表被動(dòng))
三、虛詞
1介詞
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷)Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived
56.,throughagriculture.(in句意:公元前10000年以后,人們第一次真正嘗試通過農(nóng)業(yè)來控制他們所居住的世界。分析可知,
“theylived”應(yīng)是之前名詞theworld的定語從句,定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被省略,可推知先行詞應(yīng)是在從句中作賓語,即:ihey
livedintheworld,livein+名詞,意為“居住在某地故填in。)
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷(新高考全國I卷))Museumsmustcompete45.people'ssparetimeandmoneywithother
amusements.(for句意:博物館必須和其他娛樂活動(dòng)競爭人們的業(yè)余時(shí)間和金錢。此處是固定短語:compelefor,意為:“為
了……競爭故填for。)
(2020年全國II卷)Bambooplantsareassociated67health,abundanceandahappyhome,(with本題考查介詞的搭配方
法與…有聯(lián)系)
(2019全國1卷)Modernmethodstrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s.(of7for介
詞搭配,…的方法)
(2017全國1卷)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashad
someunintendedsidecffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease,(as作為)
(2017全國2卷)astheytravelledtoandwork,(from和to對應(yīng),表示人們上下班)
(2016全國1卷)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbackmydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,(to回至U,追溯到goback
to)
(2016全國2卷)Mostofusaremorefocusedourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.(on專注于...focuson...)
2連詞
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷)Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson58.huntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraise
morechildren.(than句意:農(nóng)業(yè)比狩獵和采集的人均糧食產(chǎn)量更高。結(jié)合句意可知,此句中將農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)與狩獵和采集相比,
應(yīng)用比較連詞than。more...than,意為“比更”故填than。)
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷(新高考全國I卷))Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig37until
theydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.(or連詞,表示選擇性)
(2019全國2卷)IworknotbecauseIhaveto,67becauseIwantto.(but轉(zhuǎn)折連詞,not...but...不是…而是...)
(2018全國1卷)Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveallengtheninglife
walking,cyclingorswimming.(than比較連詞,因前面出現(xiàn)比較級(jí)moreeffective)
(2018全國2卷)Cornuseslesswaterriceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.(ihan比較連詞,因前面出現(xiàn)比較級(jí)less
water)
(2016全國2卷)So,getanearlystartandtrytobeasproductivepossiblcbeforelunch.(as...as...)
3冠詞
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷)Then,with64.riseofscience,changesbegan.(the句意:隨著科學(xué)的崛起,事情發(fā)生了
變化。withtheriseof譯為“隨著……的崛起”是固定短語。故填the。)
(2020年全國II卷)Theplumtreesare70_firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).(the序數(shù)詞
前用定冠詞)
(2019全國1卷)Ofnineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining...(the特指已發(fā)現(xiàn)的19個(gè)企鵝
亞種群)
(2019全國2卷)Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasjoke,(a不定冠詞,一個(gè)玩笑)
(2018全國2卷)Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.(the)
(2017全國1卷)Asresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing,(aasaresult作為結(jié)果,固
定搭配)
(2017全國2卷)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover____top.(the在什么
頂上)
(2016全國1卷)whileoneisbeingbottle-fed,otheriswithmum-shcneversuspects,(the兩者中的另一個(gè),one...the
other...)
(2016全國2卷)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforwhile(a一會(huì)兒forawhile)
四、實(shí)詞(謂語動(dòng)詞已單列)
1名詞
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷)Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe62.(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,
Hl遮ing(makc)useofannua】floodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirficlds.(seasons句意:后來,他們學(xué)會(huì)了因地制宜,在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間播種,
在干旱地區(qū),利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子,提示詞的詞性為為可數(shù)名詞,應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填seasons。)
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷(新高考全國I卷))Historical44.(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.
高考(accuracy形容詞變名詞,其作句子的主語)
(2020年全國卷H)ChineseNewYearisa61_(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthe
beginningofspring.(celebration動(dòng)詞變名詞作表語)
(2019全國1卷)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhuman
settlements,leadingtoa(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing,(belief動(dòng)詞變名詞作賓語)
(2018全國1卷)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014thatshowedamerefiveto10minutea
dayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromail(cause).(causes可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),因?yàn)橛?/p>
all修飾)
(2018全國1卷)Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),
avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.(strengthen名詞變動(dòng)詞)
(2018全國2卷)Thisswitchhasdccreased(pollute)inthecountry'smajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferfor
people,(pollution動(dòng)詞變名詞作賓語)
(2017全國1卷)Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease,has
hadsomeunintendedside(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.(effects可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),因?yàn)橛衧ome修飾)
(2017全國2卷)Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible___(crowd)ontheroadsabove...
(crowds)
(2017全國2卷)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe(introduce)ofelectric-poweredenginesandlifts.
(introduction動(dòng)詞變名詞,表示電動(dòng)引擎和電梯的引進(jìn))
(2016全國1卷)Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop(attract).(attraction動(dòng)詞變名詞,top是形容詞,修飾名詞)
(2016全國1卷)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfew____(day)withhissister...(daysnJ數(shù)名詞有few修飾用復(fù)數(shù))
(2016全國2卷)Then,handlethemostimportanttasksfirstsoyou'llfeelarealsenseof(achieve).(achievement成就感)
(2016全國2卷)Recent(study)showthatwearefarmoreproductiveatwork...(studies根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞show可知主語為名
詞復(fù)數(shù))
2代詞
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷(新高考全國I卷))Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputer
simulations(模擬)andimagine42.(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistory.(themselves反身代詞作謂語動(dòng)詞的
賓語)
(2018全國1卷)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapswe
shouldallgive____atry.(it指代running,作賓語)
(2017全國2卷)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000people
wereusingeveryday.(it代指前文的therailway,作賓語)
(2016全國1卷)Onmurecentvisit,Ihelpalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby(it)mother.(its首
先代指上文twin,其次修飾mother,用形容詞性物主代詞)
3形容詞
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷(新高考全國I卷))Inthe18thand19thcenturies,36.(wealth)peopletravelled
andcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.(wealthy名詞變形容詞作定語)
2020年全國II卷)The69(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蔣蕾)makefantastic
decorations,(beautiful名詞變形容詞)
(2019全國1卷)...leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare(high)thantheyactuallyare.(higher形容詞比較級(jí),
標(biāo)志是than)
(2019全國2卷)Wearesoproudofher.It,s(wonder).(wonderful名詞變形容詞)
(2018全國1卷)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears____(long)thannon-runners.
(longer形容詞比較級(jí),標(biāo)志是than)
(2018全國1卷)Runningischeap,easyandit\always____(energy),(energetic名詞變形容詞作表語)
(2018全國2卷)AccordingtotheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsfbrabout30percentoftotal(globe)fertilizerconsumption.
(global名詞變形容詞作定語)
(2017全國1卷)Even(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.(worse根據(jù)上下文和even確定用比較級(jí),
表示比上文情況更糟糕的是…)
(2017全國1卷)However,be(care)nottogotoextremes.(carefulbe動(dòng)詞后跟形容詞作表語)
(2017全國2卷)ThecentralLondonRailwaywasoneofthemost(success)ofthesenewlines,andwasopenedin1900.
(successful名詞變形容詞作定語修飾lines,且前面有形容詞高級(jí)的標(biāo)志themost)
(2016全國2卷)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork,youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識(shí)別)those
of(great)andlessimportance.(greater形容詞比較級(jí),跟less相對)
4副詞
(2020年全國H卷)(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust,(certainly形容詞變副詞)
(2019全國1卷)Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen(poor)studied;
(poorly形容詞變副詞)
(2019全國2卷)Heryearsofhardworkhave(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire's
WomanOfTheYear.(finally形容詞變副詞)
(2018全國2卷)Atasteformeatis(actual)behindthechange,(actually形容詞變副詞)
(2017全國2卷)anditmusthavebeen(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise,(fairly副詞修
飾形容詞unpleasant,相當(dāng)?shù)兀?/p>
(2016全國1卷)Thetitlewillbe(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.(officially副詞修飾動(dòng)詞)
(2016全國2卷)...wearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaks(regular).(regularly形容詞變副詞修飾動(dòng)詞)
語法填空近五年高考真題
(2020年全國統(tǒng)?高考英語試卷(新課標(biāo)11))
話題:中國新年的裝飾品難度:★★建議用時(shí):10分
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYear
ChineseNewYearisa61.(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.This
iswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers62.(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth
63,(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.
Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:
Oranges:Orangetreesaremore64.decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreat
gifsandyouseethemmanytimes65.(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.
Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo“plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffice.
66,(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated67.health,abundanceand
ahappyhome.Theyareeasy68.(care)forandmakegreatpresents.
BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The69.(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蔣蕾)
makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare70.firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelling(融化).Theyrepresent
thepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.
B
(2020年浙江省高考英語試卷(7月))
話題:人類如何征服世界難度:★★建議用時(shí):10分
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived56
throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgathered
fromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.
Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson58huntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemore
children.And,asmorechildrenwerebom,morefood59(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperience
ofthepoweroftechnology60(change)lives.
Byabout6000BC,people61(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later,theylearned
toworkwiththe62(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,63(make)useofannual
floodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.
Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with64riseofscience,changesbegan.New
methods65(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcenturyorso,thesechangeshave
accelerated.Newpowermachineryandartificialfertilizers(化月巴)havenowtotallytransformedawayoflifethat
startedintheStoneAge.
C
(2020年山東省高考英語試卷(新高考全國】卷))
話題:人類如何征服世界難度:★★建議用時(shí):10分
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
36(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheir
collectionathomeuntilitgottoobig37untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000
objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,38(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum
39openedin1759.
Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofa
museum'scollection41(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.
Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplay
withcomputersimulations(模擬)andimagine42(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor
43(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity'sVikingsettlementisrecreated,and
peopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical44(accurate)isimportantbutsois
entertainment.Museumsmustcompete45people'ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Most
museumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.
D
(2019全國I卷)
話題:介紹北極圈的北極熊難度:★★建議用時(shí):10分
閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.
Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°Jhereisevidence61theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthas
JamesBayinCanafficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen62
(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.
Modernmethods63trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andare
expensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut65
(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa66(believe)thatpopulationsare
increasing.Scientistshaverespondedby67(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhuman
settlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare68(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of69
nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six70(be)stable,oneisincreasing,and
ninelackenoughdata.
4.65.
9.70.
E
(2019全國2卷)
話題:介紹一位90歲的英國職員難度:★★建議用時(shí):10分
A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded"WomanOfTheYearwfor61(be)Britain\oldestfull-timeemployee-still
working40hoursaweek.NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,62
63(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominated(提名)hertobeCheshire'sWomanOfTheYear.
PickingupheruLifetimeAchievementaward,proudlrene64(declare)shehadnoplans65(retire),
“Idon'_66(make),67becauseIwantto.
GranddaughterGayleParks,,“Wedon,68(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwas69joke.But
thenwegotanoffit\70(wonder)
9.70.
F
(2018全國1卷)
話題:介紹運(yùn)動(dòng)員能夠活的更長久的原因難度:★★建議用時(shí):10分
Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)than
non-runners,Youdon^havetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightand
stillreduceyourriskof63(die)earlybyrunning.
Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveat
lengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublished
in201466showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeaths
fromall67(cause).
Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,
youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourleg
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