新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程1-u(00001)2249

新編大學(xué)英語(yǔ)綜合教程1-unit5Unit5AnimalWorldIn-ClassReadingDoAnimalsHaveaCulture?動(dòng)物擁有文化嗎？1只有人類有文化呢，還是某些動(dòng)物也同樣有文化，這是社會(huì)科學(xué)家們最近才提出來(lái)的問(wèn)題。說(shuō)到文化，我們指的是某一類人群共有的生活方式。文化包涵了我們形成的信念和看法。正是人們的行為模式促使他們生活在一起，也正是人們的行為模式把不同的群體區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。人類失去了蠻力、爪子、長(zhǎng)牙及其他自衛(wèi)功能，然而文化為我們彌補(bǔ)了這些缺失。人類使用工具，相互合作，并借助語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行交流溝通。但人類行為的這些方方面面，或稱之為“文化”的東西，在某些動(dòng)物的生活中也同樣存在。3我們過(guò)去一界線。然而，最近我們發(fā)現(xiàn)情況并非如此。黑猩猩不但能夠使用工具，己制造工具。與僅僅撿起身邊的東西加以利用相比，這已經(jīng)向前邁出了一大步。例如，有人看到直認(rèn)為會(huì)不會(huì)使用工具是人和其他動(dòng)物的分事實(shí)上還能自黑猩猩把樹(shù)葉扯掉，將樹(shù)枝伸進(jìn)白蟻巢穴。當(dāng)白蟻啃咬樹(shù)枝時(shí)，黑猩猩就把樹(shù)枝抽回，然后把枝2條底端的白蟻吃掉——就像我們使用餐叉一樣。4我們?cè)欢日J(rèn)為，盡管人類可以學(xué)習(xí)文化，但卻不可能教會(huì)動(dòng)物學(xué)文化。或者，即使動(dòng)物能夠?qū)W習(xí)，它們也不會(huì)像人類那樣互相傳授。然而，這一觀點(diǎn)也同樣是不正確的。日本京都大學(xué)猴子研究中心對(duì)一群日本猴進(jìn)行過(guò)研究?？茖W(xué)家們給猴子白薯，想把它們引到海島的岸邊。一天，為了去掉白薯上面的沙子，一只年輕的母猴開(kāi)始用水來(lái)洗白薯。這一做法馬上傳遍了整個(gè)猴群。這是學(xué)來(lái)的行為，不是向人類學(xué)的，而是從其他猴子那里學(xué)到的。而凡是沒(méi)有跟這一猴群接觸過(guò)的其他所有的猴子幾乎都不會(huì)用水洗去沙子。這樣，動(dòng)物間就存在了“文化差異”。5我們已經(jīng)把使用和發(fā)明工具從區(qū)分動(dòng)物和人類行為的方法中排除出去了,同樣也把學(xué)習(xí)和互相傳授行為排除在外了。但我們?nèi)宰プ≌Z(yǔ)言這最后一個(gè)特點(diǎn)不放。然而，即便是語(yǔ)言的使用也無(wú)法把人類文化和動(dòng)物文化區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。教猿猴說(shuō)話的嘗試雖然失敗了，但這是因?yàn)樵澈餂](méi)有合適的發(fā)聲器官。如果我們?cè)敢獠杉{口語(yǔ)之外的其他語(yǔ)言形式的話，應(yīng)該說(shuō)教猿猴學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言一直是非常成功的。有兩位心理學(xué)家曾訓(xùn)練一只名叫華秀3的黑猩猩，教它使用美國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)手語(yǔ)。這種語(yǔ)言同樣供聾人使用。用這種語(yǔ)言，“交談”是通過(guò)手勢(shì)來(lái)完成的，而不是把單詞用一個(gè)個(gè)字母拼出來(lái)。當(dāng)華秀長(zhǎng)到五歲時(shí)，她掌握了130個(gè)手語(yǔ)詞匯。而且，原先未教過(guò)的新方法來(lái)組合這些詞匯。這表明她能創(chuàng)造性地使用語(yǔ)言，而不她還能用是單純地模仿。她自己能遣詞造句，表達(dá)真實(shí)的意思。這使令、反應(yīng)模式。6當(dāng)然，雙向交流得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，超越了單向的指動(dòng)物文化有其局限性。據(jù)我們所知，沒(méi)有任何猿猴曾建立起任何諸如宗教或法律等社會(huì)制度。而且，盡管有些黑猩猩有可能學(xué)會(huì)手語(yǔ)，但這種語(yǔ)言形式在表達(dá)抽象思想時(shí)有局限性。而使用口頭語(yǔ)言使我們能把整個(gè)文化傳遞給任何一個(gè)會(huì)同種語(yǔ)言的人。也許最重要的一點(diǎn)是，人和動(dòng)物的分界線并不像我們過(guò)去認(rèn)為的那樣清清楚楚After-ClassReading動(dòng)物的玩耍41也許人人都看到過(guò)動(dòng)物幼崽如小貓小狗玩耍。這些幼年的動(dòng)物看起來(lái)肯定玩得很開(kāi)心。它們相互追逐、打滾、摔跤、打轉(zhuǎn)，還玩諸如球和木棒之類的物體。任何看過(guò)熊貓打滾和玩耍的人都明白，熊貓玩得痛快著呢。2所有動(dòng)物都玩耍嗎？它們玩耍的目的是什么？這些是科學(xué)家提出的問(wèn)題。為了回答這些問(wèn)題，我們首先必須就“玩耍”的定義取得一致意可難了，因?yàn)榧词箘?dòng)物科學(xué)家們?！钡亩x都莫衷一是，更何況動(dòng)詞“玩?！卑?jiàn)。這對(duì)“玩含有許多不同的意思。（譯者注：英文中play除“玩?！蓖膺€有很多其他意思。）3在本文的討論中，我們將依賴我們的常識(shí)來(lái)決定什么是玩耍。根據(jù)我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，可以說(shuō)玩耍是人與動(dòng)物為了娛樂(lè)而做的事情。玩耍常常很像嚴(yán)肅且有目的的活動(dòng)，但它并不實(shí)現(xiàn)什么嚴(yán)肅的目標(biāo)。當(dāng)然了，人們玩起來(lái)往往會(huì)非常認(rèn)真。體育運(yùn)動(dòng)就是嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真而且精心設(shè)計(jì)的玩耍的例子。4動(dòng)物為什么玩耍？最重要的理由很可能是為了學(xué)會(huì)生活中一些嚴(yán)肅而重要的活動(dòng)。比如說(shuō)，成年動(dòng)物需要找尋食物、搏斗、尋覓伴侶，以及與同類中的其他動(dòng)物相處。幼年動(dòng)物可以通過(guò)玩5耍來(lái)練習(xí)這些生活中的重要活動(dòng)。通過(guò)玩耍，它們能夠模仿獵獲食物、打斗以及求偶。它們能學(xué)會(huì)怎樣控制自己的行動(dòng)、怎樣協(xié)調(diào)適應(yīng)它們生活的環(huán)境以及怎樣和自己群體中的其他動(dòng)物相互交往。5并非所有的動(dòng)物都玩耍。動(dòng)物科學(xué)家們告訴我們，實(shí)際上，只有脊椎動(dòng)物玩耍，其中，主要是高級(jí)脊椎動(dòng)物。比如說(shuō),昆蟲、魚和爬行動(dòng)物不玩耍,但是大多數(shù)哺乳動(dòng)物都玩耍，尤其是在它們年幼時(shí)。總的來(lái)說(shuō)，我們可以說(shuō)高智商動(dòng)物比低智商動(dòng)物玩耍得多。換句話說(shuō)，動(dòng)物的智商越高，玩耍就會(huì)越復(fù)雜。6黑猩猩被公認(rèn)為是與人類最接近的動(dòng)物，是非人類哺乳動(dòng)物中最聰明的。這種靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物以一種精心策劃而又復(fù)雜的方式玩耍。黑猩猩相互追逐、摔跤，還發(fā)明了種種游戲。在玩耍的方式上，只有人類比他們強(qiáng)。其他靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物，比如猴子和大猩猩也喜歡玩耍，但不如黑猩猩玩耍得多。一些其他的脊椎動(dòng)物諸如海豚也很間相互嬉戲，也與包括人類在內(nèi)的其他動(dòng)物嬉戲。對(duì)于這些聰明的動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)，玩耍是一種取樂(lè)聰明，它們之的方式，但也是一種培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)造性的方式，而且是6一種采用新的方法使自己與所處環(huán)境相互協(xié)調(diào)的方式。也許人類在音樂(lè)、藝術(shù)和科學(xué)方面的創(chuàng)造性，就是以玩耍開(kāi)始的。課內(nèi)閱讀練習(xí)答案PartOnePreparation1.AGuessingGameSample(Onestudentthinksofananimal.Theotherstudentsaskhimorherquestionsabouttheanimal.)7Q=QuestionA=AnswerQ:Doesitliveinwater?A:No,itdoesn’t.Q:Doesitliveintrees?A:No,itdoesn’t.Q:Doesithavelegs?A:Yes,itdoes.Q:Doesithavefourlegs?A:Yes,itdoes.Q:Doesithuntotheranimals?A:No,itdoesn’t.Q:Doesitrunfast?A:Yes,itdoes.Q:Isitamammal?A:Yes,itis.Q:Doesithavespots?A:No,itdoesn’t.Q:Isittrainedtohelphumans?A:Yes,itis.Q:Isitahorse?A:Yes,itis.2.HowtoDescribeIt?8SampleAsfarasIknow,elephantsarethestrongestamongalltheanimalsthatexistintheworld.Elephantsareverybigandheavy,evenintheirinfancy.It’snotunusualtofindababyelephantthatweighsoveraton.Also,itsskinissothickthatanelephantrarelygetshurtorinjuredeitherintheirdailylifeorwhenattackedbyothers.Evenwithsomanystrongfactors,elephantshavenevergainedtheglorioustitlessuchasthekingofthejungle.Theyaremild-tempered,butfierceanimalsliketigers,lionsandwolvesdarenotdisturborattackthembecauseanadultelephantcaneasilytreadonandkillthemwhilethesmaller,aggressiveanimalscandonothingharmfultothisgiant.Asforwhichanimalisthemostbeautiful,I’dliketovoteforthetiger.Tome,tigersarethesymbolofpower,dignityandnobility.Thepatternonitsbodyandheadisratherfascinating.Tigersareknownas“thekingofallbeasts”,aspecialhonorpeoplehavegivento9them.Somewolvesarealsoconsideredtobebeautifulandtheypossessakindofspirit,whichisappealing.Asforthedragon,thoughtheyexistonlyinstoriesorlegends,they’rethesymbolofChina.AlmosteveryChinesethinksthedragonisbeautiful.Theelephantiscute.It’smildinnatureandusuallymeek.Oftheanimalswechoosetorate,itisthestrongestandfriendliestanimal.Idonotreallybelievethatasharkisbeautifulbutcomparedwithasnakeoracrocodile,asharkmayrankasthefifthbeautifulanimalinthelist.2.WhatIsIt?Sample?It’saverytallkindofbird,withlonglegsandneck,whichappeartoothintosupportitsbodyandhead.Itsbeakislongandpointed,andwhenitfallsasleepitliftsuponelegtolettheothersupportthewholebody.(crane)?Itcrawlsontheground,witharope-shapedbodyandatriangularhead.Deadlypoisonmaybefoundinitsfangs,whichcancausedeath10withinminutes.Inlegends,itwastheanimalwhichseducedAdamandEve.(snake)?It’saswimminganimalwithsmoothbrownfuranditeatsfish.Youmayregarditasthelaziestanimalsinceitsleepsmostoftheday,butatnight,itturnsouttobethegreatestbuilder,itsmasterpiece—thedam.(beaver)PartTwoReading-CenteredActivitiesIn-ClassReadingPost-ReadingReadingComprehension1.Paras.1-2—CPara.3—APara.4—DPara.5—EPara.6—B2.1D2B3B4B5C6A7D8D3.Sample?Ithinkanimalshaveaculture.Wecaneasilyfindfactstosupportthis.Forexample,animalsofthesamespeciescancommunicatewitheachother,withlanguageunknowntous11humans.Wehavereadalotofstoriesaboutwolves.Whenawolfisindangerorhurtbyahuman,verysoonitwillgetotherwolvesinitsgrouptotakerevenge.Eveninsectslikeantscanworktogetherverywell.Iftheydidn’tsharealanguageoftheirown,howcouldtheymovesomethingmuchlargerthanthemselvesoveralongdistancetotheirnest?Besides,animalssuchaschimpanzeescanuseandmaketoolstogetfood,andmonkeysarefoundtobeabletolearnandsharebehavior.Surely,animalsdon’thaveanyreligionorlaw.Obviously,thisdoesnotprovethattheydon’thaveaculturebutshowsthattheircultureisdifferentfromoursortherearelimitstotheirculture.?Idon’tthinkanimalshaveaculture.Cultureisaverybroadterm.Itcoversmanyaspectssuchaspolitics,economics,literature,law,andreligion.Animalsdonothavelanguage,atleasttheydonothaveawrittenlanguage,nordotheyhavepoliticsandeconomics.It’strue12thattheycanlearnandsharesuchbehavioraswashingsweetpotatoestogetridofsand,butIdoubtwhethertheycanlearnmorecomplicatedbehavior.What’smore,scientistsonlyobservedthissharingofbehavioramongcertainmonkeys.Itisknowntoallthattherearemanyspeciesofanimalsandthattheydiffergreatlyintheirintelligence.Sohowcanwereachtheconclusionthatanimalshaveacultureonlybecausesomeanimalsareabletouseandinventtools,orshareknowledge?Evenifanimalshaveaso-calledculture,therearelimitstotheirculture.Vocabulary11handy2cultural3untrue4belief5scientist6successful7religious8defenses9strength10social21AlimitBlimit2AcontactBcontacted3AattemptingBattempt4AcommandedBcommand135AformBform31gesture2create3abstract4individual5invention6feature7makeupfor8remove9response10ruleout41removeremove:takesth.awayfromaplacemove:changepositionorplace2received,acceptacceptaninvitation:sayyestoitreceiveaninvitation:getone3allowallow:letsb.dosth.;permitsb.todosth.agree:havethesameopinion4latelylately:recentlylater:atimeafterthepresenttime5shoreshore:thelandalongtheedgeofasea,lakeorwideriverbeach:anearlylevelareaofsandorsmall14stonesbesidetheseaorotherareaofwater6taughtteach:provideinstructioninaparticularsubjecttrain:givesb.theknowledgeneededtodoajob7objectobject:sth.thatcanbeseenandtouchedsubject:sth.thatisdiscussed,examinedorresearched8attractattract:drawsb.towardsoneselfattack:trytohurtordefeatsb.orsth.usingviolenceTranslation1Iusedtogotothecinemaalot,butIneverhavethetimenow.2Thetwoworkerscooperatedwitheachothertofixthebrokenpipe.3Thisisacruelpracticewhichshouldbe15stoppedimmediately.4Whataspectofyourjob/workis(the)mostdifficult,andwhataspectis(the)mostrewarding?5Hethoughthehadalreadysolvedtheproblem,butthatwasnotthecase.6I’llhelpasmuchasIcan,butthereisalimittowhatIcando.PartThreeFurtherDevelopment1.GrammarReview1Ineverlikethewayhowdoctorsspeaktoyou.(inwhich;ordelete“how”)2I’dlikeanotherdrink,andsodidJohn.(would)3OneofthereasonsforcomingtoEnglandaretomakemoney.(is)4Inthosedays,theonlymeansoflightingthehouseatnightwereoillamps.(was)5Itwassoacoldnightthatwestayedathome.(such)162.VocabularyReviewSectionA1AagreewithBagreedwithCagreeonDagreedtoIfyou“agreewith”someoneaboutsomething,youbothhavethesameopinionaboutit.Ifyou“agreewith”anactionorsuggestion,youapproveofit.Iftwoormorestatements,ideas,setsofnumbers,etc.“agreewith”eachother,theyarethesameorverysimilar(與……一致，相符合).Ifyou“agreeto”dosomethingor“agreeto”something,yousaythatyouwilldoitoryouallowsomeoneelsetodoit.Ifpeople“agreeon”something,theyreachadecisionoragreementaboutit.2AactivityBactCactionDactBoth“act”and“action”canbeusedasacountablenountomean“sth.thatsb.hasdone.”“Act”nearlyalwaysreferstoaspecificdeed,forexample,inSentenceB,“actofkindness”isaspecificdeedhavingbeendone.17“Action”isusuallyamoregeneralizedusage,oraprocessofdoingsomething.Forexample,inSentenceC,“Wemusttakeaction”meansthatwemustdosomething,butitisgeneralizedanddoesnotrefertoaspecificdeedwhichmustbedone.“Activity”isusedforsomethingthatisdoneregularly.3AadaptingBadoptedCadaptDadoptadopt:a)starttouseaparticularmethodorplan采用；b)legallybecometheparentofanotherperson’schild收養(yǎng)adapt:graduallychangeyourbehaviorandattitudessothatyougetusedtoanewsituationandcandealwithitsuccessfully適應(yīng)4AlayingBliedClayDlay“Lie”(lying,lay,lain)isanintransitiveverb,meaning“beinapositioninwhichyourbodyisflat”(躺).“Lay”(laying,laid,laid)isatransitiveverb,meaning“putonasurface”or“produceeggs”.Thereisanotherintransitive18verb“l(fā)ie”(lying,lied,lied),meaning“saysth.untrue”(撒謊).5AweatherBclimateCweatherTheword“weather”means“theclimateatacertainplaceandtime,howmuchwind,rain,sunshine,etc.thereisandhowhotorcolditis”(天氣，氣象).“Climate”means“thenormalweatherconditionsofaparticularregionoveraperiodoftime”(氣候).6AinventedBdiscoveredYouuse“invent”tosaythatsomeoneisthefirstpersontothinkofsomethingormakesomething.Youuse“discover”tosaythatsomeonefindsoutaboutsomethingwhichexistsbutwhichwasnotpreviouslyknown.7AfunBfunnyCfunny“Fun”isanuncountablenoun.Ifsomethingis“fun”,itispleasant,enjoyable,andnotserious.“Funny”isanadjective.Itdescribessomethingthatmakesyoulaughorthatisstrange.198AstrippedBstripesCstripped“Strip”canbeusedasaverb,meaning“removethecoveringorpartsof”or“takeoffone’sclothes”.“Stripe”isanoun,meaning“abandofcoloragainstabackgroundofadifferentcolor”.SectionB1CHIM2PANZEEAN3DDOG5EI4IN6CHA7MELEONSOE8OW9LE10G11PUPPYSICISHAO12TURTLEAUNAFFNR13CAT20E3.WhoIstheKingoftheJungle?STEPTWOSample?(acandidatespeechfromthemonkey)Ladiesandgentlemen:I’mheretodaybecauseIwanttobecometheKingoftheJungle.Iknowthereisaquestiononyourmind:WhyareyouthinkingaboutrunningfortheKingoftheJungle?SoIwillgiveyouthereasons.I’mrunningbecausetheanimalkingdommustbeprosperous.WealthisnotinventedbytheKingbutcreatedbyallofyou.ButtheKingcancreateanenvironmentwhereyoucandreamandrealizeyourdreams.I’mrunningbecausealltheanimalsmustliveahappyand21peacefullife.I’mrunningbecausewemustdosomethingtoprotectourenvironment.AndI’mrunningtoachievealltheabove.IknowI’mnotthestrongestanimalinthejungle.Butastheanimalmostcloselyrelatedtohumans,I’mintelligent.Ibelievethatinmoderntimesintelligenceisfarmoreimportantthanphysicalstrength.Finally,Ihopeyouwillsupportmewithyourenthusiasmandconfidence.Thankyou.?(acandidatespeechfromthelion)Ladiesandgentlemen:I’mreallyexcitedtobehereattendingthemeeting.I’dliketotellyouthatIwanttobetheKingoftheJungle.IbelieveI’mqualified!Firstofall,humanbeingsnowdominateintheworld,sowehavetotaketheirthoughtsintoconsideration.YoumusthaveheardaboutthefamousfilmTheLionKing.Asyoucansee,theyalreadyregarduslionsastheking.You22maysaythatthereisthe“MonkeyKing”inChinesefilms.ButMonkeyKing’spowerdoesn’texistinreality.Onlywelionsarethestrongestbothinthefilmandinreality.AsfarasIknow,thelionisalsothesymboloftheconstellation“LEO”,that’swhywegetalotofrespectfromman.SoI’mnotonlythequalifiedKingoftheJunglebutalsoagreatbridgebetweenhumansandusanimals.WhenI’mtheking,I’llhavetheconfidencetoprotectallofyoufrombeinghurtorattackedandnohumanswillinvadeourkingdombecauseIhavewonenoughhumanrespectandcantalkwiththemaboutanimalrights.Nowit’stimetovoteforme!?(acandidatespeechfromthetiger)Ladiesandgentlemen:Goodmorning!TodayIamheretorunfortheKingoftheJunglefortworeasons.First,Iamthestrongestandthebravest.Ihaveincomparablepower.Myteethareas23longasdaggers,mypawsareassharpasknivesandmyactionisveryagile.SoIcankillanyenemieseasilyandprotecteveryoneinthejungle.Infact,justmyappearancewillscareanyinvaderstodeath.Althoughthereareanimalswholookbiggerandstrongerthanme,theirstrengthandwisdomwillneversurpassthoseofmine.IcankillagaurwhichweighsseveralhundredkilosandIcankillacrocodilewithinminutes.InancientRome,peopleletustigersfightwithlions,andwewerealwaysthewinners!Second,Iamthemostexperiencedintakingchargeofthejungle.SinceIhavebeentheKingforalongtime,Iknowverywellhowtoruletheanimalworldandhowtobeasuccessfulking.IcankeepeverythinginorderasquicklyaspossibleandIcanhandleproblemsasperfectlyaspossible.Undermygovernanceyouwillneverhavedifficulties.IpromiseIwillworkharderanddomybesttoensurethatallofyouliveahappylifeandthat24thejunglewillbeaparadiseintheworld!So,pleasevoteforme!It’llbeyourbestchoice!4.ANewAnimalR=ReporterE=ExplorerSample?R:Now,ProfessorDavis,Ihearthatyou’vediscoveredaverystrangeanimal.E:Yup!R:We’reallcuriousaboutit,andthisisthereasonwhyweinvitedyouheretoday.E:OK.R:Ihaveareportfromyouinmyhand.Sotellus:Whydidyounametheanimal“Dymi”?E:Thisisquiteinteresting,becauseIwasextremelyattractedbyitseverlastingalertanddynamicbehaviorthefirsttimeIsawit.Theword“Dymi”actuallycamefromdynamic,onemightsay.25R:Thankyou.Now,whatdoyoumeanby“itlivesineveryappropriateplace”?E:Well,it’sveryoddthatIfoundtheanimalneverlivedinaspecificplace.Itcanbefoundinacave,inthegrass,orinanestleftbyotheranimals,inatree,andsoforth.Anditonlytakesnaps,halfanhourorsoeachtime.R:Wheredoyouthinkthesignificanceliessincewe’vefoundtheanimal?E:Ibelievewecangettoknowmoreaboutourselves—thehumanbeing—bymakingadetailedstudyoftheanimal.BecauseIfindtheanimalcloselyrelatedtoustosomeextent.Ittakesprotein,fiber,fat,andvitaminsfromfood;itgetsonverywellwiththeenvironment;itlivesaratherlonglifecomparedwithanimalsofthesamesize.ButIthinkthemostimportantpointisthatwecanfindouttherelationbetweentheirlittlesleepandtheirextremelydynamicbehavior,whichisveryusefultomodern,busyhumanbeings.R:Right.Yougiveusawonderfulreport,26ProfessorDavis.Thankyouverymuchforbeingwithus.E:It’smypleasure.AReportName:Dymi.Whatdoesiteat?Grass,nuts,littleanimalslikeratsandsquirrels.Howmanyhoursdoesitsleep?Onlytakesnaps,halfanhourorsoeachtime,everythreehours.Wheredoesitlive?Ineveryappropriateplace.Howlongdoesitlive?30to50years.AReportName:Darwin.Whatdoesiteat?Leaves.Howmanyhoursdoesitsleep?Unknown.Wheredoesitlive?TropicalforestinAfrica.Howlongdoesitlive?Threetofiveyears.27R:It’sallegedthatyou’vediscoveredastrangespeciesofanimalinthetropicalforestsofAfrica.Wouldyoupleasegiveabriefdescriptiontothereaders?E:Ofcourse.ThemysteriousanimalIdiscoveredisnamedafterDarwin,thefounderoftheevolutiontheory.Thisspecialinsecthasfoursetsoflegsinsteadofthreesetsoflegsaswehavefoundaboutthatspeciesofinsectbefore.R:Butareyousurethatitbelongstothegroupofinsects?E:Certainly,aftercarefulidentificationinthelab,ittakesonthecommoncharacteristicsofinsects.Sotheconclusioncouldbedrawnthatitbelongstoabranchofinsectspecies.R:Howcanthatbe?E:It’sagreatproofofDarwin’sevolutiontheory,Isuppose.However,itneedsfurtherconfirmation.Wehopenewevidencewillbefoundtosupportthetheory.R:Thanksforyourexcellentintroduction.28E:You’rewelcome.5.I’dRatherBe…Sample?Iwouldliketobeaneagle.Soaringhighabovethemountains,Itakethevastexpanseofskyasmyterritory.Creaturesonthegroundaresmallbutclearinsight.IlovetheviewandenjoythefeelingwhenI’mhighupinthesky.IcanpickanythingIlikeasmyfoodwiththesharpclawsandbeakandnothingcouldhurtmeexcepthumanbeings.?I’dratherbeaturtle.Althoughturtlesmoveveryslowlyandseemtoberatherstupid,Iregardthemasthewisestkindofanimal.Theyhaveevolvedtostandthepressurefromtheoutsideandtheycangetanupperhandinthebattleagainstnature.Unlikelionsandtigers,whosestrengthispowerfulbutcanonlylastforashorttime,turtlesmaintaintheirpotentialtilltheendoftheirdayssothattheycancopewithanydifficultyatanytime.29?I’dliketobeacat.Itissaidthatcatshaveninelivesandthatcatscansurviveevenafterfallingoffhighbuildings.IfIhadninelives,Iwouldn’tbeafraidofdeathandcouldventurealot.Mostimportantly,catsarelovelyandgracefulanimalthathumansliketokeepaspets.I’dlovetobesuchacat.PartFourWritingandTranslation3.TranslationPractice1expressone’sfeelingsconveymessagescarryheavyloadsguidetheblindguard/protectpeople’spossessionscatchpestsbringpleasure/happinesstopeopleaddjoytopeople’slifemaketheworldmorecolorfulmaintainthebalanceofnature2Dogsareperceivedtobehumans’bestfriends.Theyareloyaltopeopleandcanhelppeopledoalotofthings.3Catsaregraceful,lovelyandobedient.Theyareexcellentcompanionsofhumanbeings.Peoplelikekeepingthemaspets.304Parrotshaveverybeautifulfeathers.Theyaregoodatimitatinghumanlanguages.5Monkeysareveryintelligent.Theycanbetrainedto