2023年考研外語(yǔ)押題預(yù)測(cè)卷11

考研外語(yǔ)押題預(yù)測(cè)卷11

一、UseofEnglish

1、SometimebetweendigestingChristmasdinnerandputtingyourheadbackdowntowork,spareathoughtortwoforthecranberry.Itis,ofcourse,a(1)_____ofChristmas:merrybrightred,bittersweetlydeliciouswithturkeyandtheverydeviltogetoutofthetablecloth(2)_____spilled.Butthecranberryisalsoasymbolofthemodernfoodindustryandinthetaleofits(3)_____fromcolonialcuriositytobusiness-schoolcasestudy(4)_____adeeperunderstandingoftheopportunitiesand(5)_____ofmoderneating.

Thefastestgrowingpartoftoday'scranberrymarketisforcranberriesthatdonottastelikecranberries.OceanSpray's"flavouredfruitpieces"(FFPS,tothetrade)tastelikeorange,cherry,raspberryorany(6)_____ofotherfruits.Theyareinfactcranberries.Whymakeacranberrytastelikeanorange?Mostlybecauseitisa(7)_____littlefruit:FFPShaveashelf-lifeoftwoyears.Better(8)_____,theykeepachewytexture(9)_____baked,unlikethefruitswhoseflavourstheymimic,whichturnto(10)_____.

Thedynamicthathasbroughtthecranberrytothispointis(11)_____tothedynamicbehindmostmass-producedgoods.Growing(12)_____providedthe(13)_____tocreatecheaperandmorereliablesupply.Cheaperandmorereliablesupply,(14)_____,createdincentivestofindnewmarkets,whichincreaseddemand.Thuswasthe(15)_____keptchurning.

Thecranberryisoneofonlythreefruitsnative(16)_____NorthAmerica,growingwildfromMainetoNorthCarolina.(TheothersaretheConcordgrapeandtheblueberry.)TheAmericanIndianshadseveralnamesforcranberries,many(17)_____thewordsfor"bitter"or,more(18)_____,"noisy".Theyatetheberriesmostly(19)_____pemmican,butalsousedthemfordyeandmedicine.Andtheyintroducedthemtothewhitesettlers—atthefirstThanksgivingdinnerin1621,itissaid.Thesettlerspromptlyrenamedthisdelicacythe"craneberry",(20)_____thepointypinkblossomsofthecranberrylookabitliketheheadoftheSandhillcrane.

A.sign

B.trail

C.symbol

D.mark

2、(2)

A.while

B.ifonly

C.longbefore

D.if

3、(3)

A.progress

B.proposition

C.prophet

D.proportion

4、(4)

A.obtain

B.mould

C.assimilate

D.lies

5、(5)

A.dilemmas

B.remedy

C.ingredient

D.remains

6、(6)

A.member

B.number

C.kind

D.flavor

7、(7)

A.delicious

B.dubious

C.durable

D.deliberate

8、(8)

A.off

B.than

C.itself

D.still

9、(9)

A.when

B.whether

C.albeit

D.whereas

10、(10)

A.mercury

B.mush

C.muscle

D.mess

11、(11)

A.similar

B.feasible

C.inferior

D.incredible

12、(12)

A.command

B.yield

C.demand

D.quantity

13、(13)

A.immensity

B.inadequacy

C.immunity

D.incentive

14、(14)

A.ateveryturn

B.inturn

C.toaturn

D.byturns

15、(15)

A.cycle

B.miracle

C.mission

D.carnival

16、(16)

A.from

B.to

C.off

D.beyond

17、(17)

A.qualifying

B.incorporating

C.denoting

D.coining

18、(18)

A.intrinsically

B.marginally

C.intuitively

D.mysteriously

19、(19)

A.in

B.for

C.by

D.through

20、(20)

A.although

B.onlyif

C.because

D.asthough

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

There'sonethingaboveallwrongwiththenewBritishpostalcodes:noteveryonehasthatsortofmemory.Someofus,ofcourse,forgetevenh6usenumbersandthepresentpostaldistricts,butthatmatterslesswhenthereisahumanbeingateverystagetospotthemistake.Whenallthesortingisdoneinoneoperationbyamansittingatamachine,typingspecialmarksontoanenvelope,onesliponyourpartcouldsendyourletterwayoutsidetheareawherethelocalpostmanorafriendlyneighborknowsyourname.

OtherwisethenewcodesareallthePostOfficesclaims.Theyarethemostcarefullydesignedintheworld,idealforcomputers.Aconfusionoflettersandnumbers,theyhavetwopartsseparatedbythegapinthemiddle.Togethertheyclassifyaletternotonlythecitywhereitisgoingbutrightdowntotheroundoftheparticularpostmanwhoistocarryit,andeventoagroupofhousesorasinglebigbuilding.Inthelongrunthiswillspeedthemailandcutcosts.

Thelongrunis10yearsaway,though.Infactthereareonly12PostOfficesinthecountrywhichhavetherightmachinesfullyworking,andthesystemcannotworkatfullefficiencyuntilitisnationwide.YetthePostOfficewantsustostartusingthecodesnow,sothatweshallbetrainedwhenthemachinesareready.

Butwillwe?AbusinessmanImet,praisingthevirtuesofthenewsystem,explainedthatlargecompanieslikehiscouldhavecodesoftheirown.Whatwashiscode?"Oh,dearme.Nowyou'vegotme.Awfullysorry.HoldonaminutewhileIfindasheetofmyheadednotepaper."Thenhereadpainfully,asifspellingoutawordinaforeignlanguage,"W-I-X-6A-B".

Accordingtothepassage,whatmattersmostinletterdeliveryinBritainisthat______

A.thenewpostalcodesmustbememorized

B.housenumbersmustnotbeforgotten

C.presentpostaldistrictsmustbeborneinmind

D.specialmarksonanenvelopemustbeaccurate

2、

TheBritishPostOfficepraisesthecodesas______

A.givinganefficientservice

B.beingnewandimproved

C.beingsuitabletobeprocessedbycomputers

D.beingfreefromconfusion

3、

TheBritishcodesaredescribedasbeing______.

A.lettersspacedout

B.numbersinorder

C.setsoflettersandnumbers

D.lettersandnumbersseparately

4、

Onlywhen______canthepostalcodesystemachieveitsfullefficiency.

A.allthepostofficesinthecountryhavethefightmachines

B.allthepostofficeshavetrainedstaff

C.mostpostofficeshavetherightmachines

D.mostpostofficeshavetrainedstaff

5、

Thebusinessmanfoundthathispostalcodewasdifficult______.

A.tofindout

B.toremember

C.towrite

D.tospell

6、Whatweknowofprenataldevelopmentmakesallthisattemptmadebyamothertomoldthecharacterofherunbornchildbystudyingpoetry,artormathematicsduringpregnancyseemutterlyimpossible.Howcouldsuchextremelycomplexinfluencespassfromthemothertothechild?Thereisnoconnectionbetweentheirnervoussystems.Eventhebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly.Anemotionalshocktothemotherwillaffectherchild,becauseitchangestheactivityofherglandsandsothechemistryofherblood.Anychemicalchangeinthemother'sbloodwillaffectthechildforbetterorworse.Butwecannotseehowalikingformathematicsorpoeticgeniuscanbedissolvedinbloodandproduceasimilarlikingorgeniusinthechild.

Inourdiscussionofinstinctswesawthattherewasreasontobelievethatwhateverweinheritmustbeofsomeverysimplesortratherthananycomplicatedorverydefinitekindofbehavior.Itiscertainthatnooneinheritsaknowledgeofmathematics.Itmaybe,however,thatchildreninheritmoreorlessofarather,generalabilitythatwemaycallintelligence.Ifveryintelligentchildrenbecomedeeplyinterestedinmathematics,theywillprobablymakeasuccessofthatstudy.

Asformusicalability,itmaybethatwhatisinheritedifanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthevocalorgansconnectionsbetweennervesandmusclesthatmakeitcomparativelyeasytolearnthemovementsamusicianmustexecute,andparticularlyvigorousemotions.Ifthesefactorsareallorganizedaroundmusicthechildmaybecomeamusician.Thesamefactors,inothercircumstance,mightbeorganizedaboutsomeothercenterofinterest.Therichemotionalequipmentmightfindexpressioninpoetry.Thecapablefingersmightdevelopskillinsurgery.Itisnottheknowledgeofmusicthatmakesitcomparativelyeasytoacquiremusicalknowledgeandskill.Whetherthatabilityshallbedirectedtowardmusicorsomeotherundertakingmaybedecidedentirelybyforcesintheenvironmentinwhichachildgrowsup.

Whichofthefollowingisnottrue?______.

A.Somemotherstrytoinfluencetheirunbornchildrenstudyingartandothersubjectsduringtheirpregnancy

B.Itisutterlyimpossibleforustolearnanythinginprenataldevelopment

C.Thebloodvesselsofmotherandchilddonotjoindirectly

D.Therearenoconnectionbetweenmother'snervoussystemandherunbornchild's

7、

Amotherwillaffectherunbornbabyif______.

A.sheisemotionallyshocked

B.shehasagoodknowledgeofinheritance

C.shetakespartinallkindsofactivities

D.shestickstostudying

8、

Accordingtothepassage,achildmayinherit______.

A.everythingfromhismother

B.aknowledgeofmathematics

C.arathergeneralabilitythatwecallintelligence

D.hermother'smusicalability

9、

Ifachildinheritssomethingfromhismother,suchasanespeciallysensitiveear,apeculiarstructureofthehandsorofthevocalorgans,hewill______.

A.surelybecomeamusician

B.mostlybecomeapoet

C.possiblybecomeadoctor

D.becomeamusicianontheconditionthatallthesefactorsareorganizedaroundmusic

10、

Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthepassage?______.

A.RoleofInheritance

B.AnUnbornChild

C.FunctionofInstincts

D.PoetryandMusic

11、Morethanoneintenpeoplewhoareregularlyexposedtoorganophosphatepesticides(有機(jī)磷酸脂農(nóng)藥)willsufferunrecoverablephysicalandmentaldamage,ateamofpsychiatristswarns.Theinvestigatorssaythattheirsisthefirstseriousattempttoestimatethenumberofpeoplesufferingbecauseofchroniclow-levelexposuretothepesticides.

"Thisisaworryinghighlevelofillness,"saysoneresearcher.Thefindingsbytheresearcher,whoalsotreatsmanyofthevictims,conflictwiththoseoftheBritain'sgovernmentagencymonitoringoccupationalhealth,whichsaysthereisnogoodevidencetosuggestchronicexposureleadstowidespreadillness.Theresearchteamsentquestionnairesto400farmersselectedatrandomfromaphonebook.Of179whoreplied,130reportedthattheyhadbeenexposedtoorganophosphates.And21farmerscomplainedofenoughsymptomstobeclassedassufferingfromorganophosphatepoisoning.Allowingforbiasinherentinthesurveymethod,theysuggestthataround10percentoffarmersexposedtothepesticidessufferfrompoisoning.

Theresearchersalsouncoveredaconsistentpatternofsymptomsrangingfromextremetirednessandspeechdifficultytosuicidalimpulses.Againthiscontrastswiththegovernmentagency'sviewthatthereisnoclearpatternofsymptomsforpesticidepoisoning,makingadiagnosisdifficult.

Theybelievetherealfigureforpoisoningismuchhigher,onceyouincludecancersandheartdiseaselinkedtothepesticide.Lastyear,Britishspecialistsalsofoundevidenceofalinkbetweenorganophosphatesandsevereboneabnormalitiesineightmen.Oneoftheresearchers,AnthonyLyonsofQueen'sMedicalcentreinNottingham,sayspreliminaryresultsfromalargerfollow-upstudysuggesttheextentofbonedamagemaybeworsethantheyfeared.

Allthosewhosufferfromorganophosphatepoisoningcomplainofbecoming"exquisitelysensitive"toanyfurtherexposure.ThisisbadnewsforanyGulfWarveteranssentbacktotheMiddleEast.ManyscientistsanddoctorsareconvincedthatGulfWarSyndromeisatleastpartlycausedbyorganophosphatepesticides,whichweresprayedintentsandonclothestoprotecttroopsfrombitinginsects.

AspokesmanforBritain'sMinistryofDefensesaystherearenoimmediateplanstosendgroundtroopstotheGulf.ButtheUSismoving5,000troopsintotheregion.Returningtroops"wouldbemorevulnerabletopoisoning",saysoneoftheleadingUSauthoritiesonsuchpoisoning.

InwhichareadothefindingsoftheresearchershaveconflictionwiththoseBritain'sHealthandSafetyExecutive(HSE),thegovernmentagencymonitoringoccupationalhealth?______.

A.Whetherexposuretoorganophosphatewilldoanyharmtoman

B.Whetherchronicexposuretoorganophosphatewouldleadtowidespreadillness

C.Whetheritisworthwhiletofindoutthenumberofpeoplesufferingfromorganophosphatepoisoning

D.Whetherorganophosphateisagoodpesticide

12、

Amongthefarmersinvestigated,howmanyofthemclaimedtobesufferingfromorganophosphatepoisoning?______

A.179

B.130

C.21

D.10%

13、

Whichofthefollowingisexcludedinasymptomoforganophosphatepoisoning?______

A.Exhaustion

B.Speechdifficulty

C.Impulsestokilloneself

D.Impulsetocommitcrimes

14、

Whichoftiefollowingillnesseshasbeenprovedtobelinkedwithorganophosphatepoisoning?______

A.Cancer

B.Heartdisease

C.Boneabnormalities

D.Alloftheabove

15、

WhatisconsideredtobebadnewsforGulfWarveterans?______

A.Theywillbemorevulnerabletopoisoning

B.Theywillbeexposedmoretoorganophosphate

C.TheIraqtroopswillusechemicalweaponstopoisonthem

D.TheGulfWarwillstartsoonagain

16、Sciencehaslongsincehadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGalileo's17th-centurytrialforhisrebellingbelieftheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlack'sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanitieshas,ifanything,deepenedinthiscentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics-butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked'antiscience'inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstition,byPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity;andTheDemon-HauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornellUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas"TheFlightfromScienceandReason",heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and"ScienceintheAgeof(Miss)information",whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople;GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedsciencesobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,thosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapretechnologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNewsWorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlichofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless."Theterm'antiscience'canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthings",notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-Science."Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened."

Theword"schism"(Para.1)inthecontextprobablymeans______

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

17、

Paragraphs2and3arewrittento______

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofsciencespower

B.showtheauthorssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelop

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

18、

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?______

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay

B.Politiciansarenotsubjecttothelabelingofantiscience

C.The"moreenlightened"tendtotagothersasantiscience

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas"antiscience"isjustifiable

19、

Theauthorsattitudetowardtheissueof"sciencevs.antiscience"is______

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

20、

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitle?______

A.ScienceWillBeatAntiscience

B.TheDangerofAntiscience

C.ScienceIsGoingNowhere

D.TheIssueofScienceandAntiscience

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G……)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

ConventionalwisdominthethirtysomethingeradeclaresthattheAmericanmarriageisinserioustrouble:asky-highdivorcerate,newstressesandtensionsinthesexwarsandeasyopportunitiesforextramaritaladventures.Notso,accordingtoanewsurveyconductedbyGallupforPsychologyTodayandtwonationalTVprograms,KingWorld'sInsideEditionandABC'sHOME.Althoughsomeexpertsquestionitsaccuracy,thepollindicatesAmericansaresurprisingandhappilymonogamous.(41)______.

Thepoll'sfindingswillappearinPsychologyToday'sMarchissue,alongwithananalysiswrittenbythemagazine'seditorinchief,T.GeorgeHarris,andtheorchestratorofthesurvey,FatherAndrewGreeley.(42)______.Consideringthewidespreadpublicitygiventomaritalcheating,Greeleyadmitsthatthesurveyresultswere"somethingofasurprise.""Peoplemaytalkmorethantheyactuallydo."SaysthecelibateRomanCatholicpriest,whoplanstoexpand,hisresearchintoabooktentativelycalledFaithfulAttraction."Boastingaboutone'ssexualachievementisnothingnew.Notmanypeopleboastaboutbeingvirtuous."AddsHarris:"Thesecretsideofsexisfaithfulness."

(43)______.Fouroffivesaidtheywouldwedthesamepersonagain,giventhechance.Threeoutoffourdescribedtheirspousesasphysicallyattractive.Accordingtothepoll,thethreekeyfactorsinmakingamarriagehappyarecommunication,cooperationinchildrearingandhouseworkandhavingaromanticimageofone'spartner.Some20%ormoresaidtheyoccasionallyindulgedinsucheroticactivitiesastakingshowerswiththeirspouses,makingloveoutdoorsandwatchingX-ratedvideostogether.Bymodeststatisticalmargins,CatholicsappeartobemoresexuallyadventurousthanProtestants.

HarrisandGreeleyarguethatthenationmaybeexperiencinganegativebacklashtothesexualrevolution.Theynote,forexample,that51%ofwomenunder35regrettedhavinghadapremaritalsexualencounter(thoughonly16%ofmenfeltthatway).(44)______.

(45)______.SaysJuneReinisch,directoroftheKinseyInstituteinBloomington,Ind.:"Weestimatethatapproximately37%ofmarriedmenand29%ofmarriedwomenhaveatleastoneextramaritalaffair."AsurveyconductedbyLillianRubin,asociologistatQueensCollegeinNewYorkCity,showsa40%infidelityrateforspouses.GreeleyandHarrishavetwoexplanationsforthedisparitybetweentheirpoll'sresultsandtheconventionalwisdom:(1)mostsexualsurveysareeitherobsoleteorunscientific;(2)peoplearevictimsofwhattheauthorscall"pluralisticignorance."Translation:erroneousbeliefssharedbysomeindividualsaboutotherpeople.EventheenchantedspousesintheP.T.Polldidnotbelievetheircommitmenttofidelitywaswidelyshared.

A.Greeley,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofArizona,isprobablybestknownaswhatsomemagazinesmightcallanun-bosomydirty-bookwriter;hispopnovels(TheCardinalSins;St.Valentine'sNight)regularlymakethebestsellercharts.

B.Communicationseemstobethefirstofallkeyfactorsinmakingamarriagesmooth,since

therearesomepossiblemeansforpeopletodaytoerasemisunderstandings.

C.Therearesomesharpchallengestothepoll'sroseateviewofAmericanwedlock.

D.Nearlytwo-thirdsofthepoll's657randomlyselectedrespondents,whowerequeriedbytelephoneshortlybeforeChristmas,saidtheywere"veryhappy"intheirmarriage.

E.Lackofsexeducationforyoung,peopleisalsooneofthereasonsforhighdivorcerate.

F.Thesur

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)isaninternationalbodythatpromotesandenforcestheprovisionsoftradelawsandregulations.(46)TheWorldTradeOrganizationhasthe