初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法概括復(fù)習(xí)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之邯鄲勺丸創(chuàng)作時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日重難點(diǎn)：掌握八種稀有時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),并能依據(jù)不合情形,靈巧運(yùn)用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).【知識(shí)總結(jié)概括】一.觀點(diǎn)：示意動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系的句子是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).二.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之間怎樣變換WeVisitedthatfactorylastsummer主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)三.各種不合時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的對(duì)照時(shí)態(tài)一般此刻時(shí)am/is/are+P.P.

主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（1）DotheyspeakIsFrenchspokenbyFrench?them?Theroomisn’tusedby2）Theydon’tusethethem.room.一般過去時(shí)was/were+p.p.此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+p.p.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

1）Thehunterkilledatiger.2）Hewrotemanystorieslastyear.1）Theseworkersarebuildinganewbridge.2）Heismendinghiscar.1）Hewassellingbooks.

Atigerwaskilledbythehunter.Manystorieswaswrittenbyhimlastyear.Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltbytheseworkers.Hiscarisbeingmendedbyhim.Bookswerebeingbuiltbyhim.時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日was/were+being+p.p.此刻達(dá)成時(shí)have/has+been+p.p.過去達(dá)成時(shí)had+been+p.p.一般未來時(shí)shall/willbe+p.p.過去未來時(shí)wouldbe+p.p.was/weregoingtobe+p.p.神態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must/should+be+p.p.

2）Theywerediscussingtheplanatthattime.1）ShehaslearnedmanyEnglishwords.2）Hehasfinishedthework.1）Theyhassolvedtheproblem.2）Wehadtoldhimthenewsbythen.1）Ishallmakeaplan.2）Theyaregoingtofixtheradioinanhour.1）Hetoldmetheywouldpainttheroom.2）Theyweregoingtoputonaplaythenextweek.1）Weshouldhandinourhomework.2）YoumustanswerthequestioninEnglish.

Theplanwasbeingdiscussedbythematthattime.ManyEnglishwordshavebeenlearnedbyher.Theworkhasbeenfinishedbyhim.Theproblemhadbeensolvedbythem.Thenewshadbeentoldtohimbyus.Aplanwillbemadebyme.Theradioisgoingtobefixedbytheminanhour.Hetoldmetheroomwouldbepaintedbythem.Aplaywasgoingtobeputbythemthenextweek.Ourhomeworkshouldbehandedinbyus.ThequestionmustbeansweredinEnglishbyyou.四.怎樣正確使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有些動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ),變主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可把此中一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)釀成主語(yǔ),另一個(gè)留在主動(dòng)構(gòu)造謂語(yǔ)后邊.需要注意的是：若把直接賓語(yǔ)釀成主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),需要在間接賓語(yǔ)之間加上介詞“to”.eg.Heoftentellsusinterestingstories.（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Weareoftentoldinterestingstoriesbyhim.（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Interestingstoriesareoftentoldtousbyhim.時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日▲常帶雙賓語(yǔ)的詞有：tell,show,lend,pass等.在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,某些動(dòng)詞以后帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),即賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這個(gè)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞不定式來充任,to被省略,但在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,這個(gè)to還要復(fù)原.eg.Ioftenhearhersingthispopularsong.（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）Sheisoftenheardtosingthispopularsong.（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）▲有這類用法的常常使用動(dòng)詞有：make,let,see,hear,watch,feel,notice等.3.有些“be+過去分詞”的構(gòu)造其實(shí)不是主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),它們有可能是“系表構(gòu)造（即系動(dòng)詞以后由過去分詞來充任表語(yǔ)）.”比較：（1）Thedoorisclosed.門是關(guān)著的。(系表構(gòu)造)這個(gè)門是由馮平來關(guān)的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))ThedoorisclosedbyFengping.(2）Theglassisbroken.這個(gè)玻璃杯是壞的。系表構(gòu)造)(這個(gè)玻璃杯是瑪麗弄壞的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))TheglasswasbrokenbyMary.(4.只有及物動(dòng)詞和可有賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞+介詞詞組才能夠有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).eg.

GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.(正確)GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.(錯(cuò)誤)【總結(jié)】一、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)更改主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)往常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)形式,主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成,be隨時(shí)態(tài)的更改而更改.以do為例,各種時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：1)am/is/are+done(過去分詞)一般此刻時(shí)例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone此刻達(dá)成時(shí)例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日3）am/is/arebeingdone此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．4）was/weredone一般過去時(shí)例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.5）hadbeendone過去達(dá)成時(shí)例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.6）was/werebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.7）shall/willbedone一般未來時(shí)例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.8）should/wouldbedone過去未來時(shí)例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.9）shall/willhavebeendone未來達(dá)成時(shí)（少用）例TheprojectwillhavebeencompletedbeforeJuly.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特別構(gòu)造形式帶神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)構(gòu)造.其形式為：神態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞.例Thebabyshouldbetakengoodcareofbythebaby-sitter.有些動(dòng)詞能夠有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),在用于主動(dòng)構(gòu)造時(shí),能夠把主動(dòng)構(gòu)造中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),另一賓語(yǔ)仍舊保留在謂語(yǔ)后邊.往常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ).例Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改成Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”構(gòu)造變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)構(gòu)造中的主語(yǔ),其余不動(dòng).例Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改成Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.4）在使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后邊不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí),在主動(dòng)構(gòu)造中不定式to要省略,但變?yōu)橹鲃?dòng)構(gòu)造時(shí),要加to.例Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改成Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.有些相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞詞組,如“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”,“動(dòng)詞＋副詞”等,也能夠用于主動(dòng)構(gòu)造,但要把它們看作一個(gè)整體,不克不及分開.此中的介詞或副詞也不克不及省略.例ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)v.+ing形式及不定式todo也有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般時(shí)態(tài)和達(dá)成時(shí)態(tài)).例Idon'tlikebeinglaughedatinthepublic.二、怎樣使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日學(xué)習(xí)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),不只要知道主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造,還要知道在哪些狀況中使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).1.發(fā)言者不知道動(dòng)作的履行者或不用說出動(dòng)作的履行者(這時(shí)可省by短語(yǔ)).例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.借助主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作突出動(dòng)作的履行者.例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.為了更好地安插句子.例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一個(gè)主語(yǔ)就夠了）三、Itissaidthat+從句及其余近似句型believe,consider,一些示意“聽說”或“相信”的動(dòng)詞如expect,report,say,suppose,think等能夠用于句型“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句”或“主語(yǔ)＋be＋過去分詞＋todosth.”.有：Itissaidthat聽說,Itisreportedthat據(jù)報(bào)道,Itisbelievedthat大家相信,Itishopedthat大家希望,Itiswellknownthat盡人皆知,Itisthoughtthat大家以為,Itissuggestedthat據(jù)建議.例Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedthenationalexam.（＝Theboyissaidtohavepassedthenationalexam.）四、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)意義英語(yǔ)中有好多動(dòng)詞如break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動(dòng)詞來描繪主語(yǔ)特點(diǎn)時(shí),常常使用其主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)主動(dòng)意義,主語(yǔ)往常是物.例Thiskindofclothwasheswell.注意：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表主動(dòng)重申的是主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn),而主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響.試比較：Thedoorwon'tlock．（指門自己有缺點(diǎn)）Thedoorwon'tbelocked．（指不會(huì)有人來鎖門,指“門沒有鎖”是人的原由）2.示意“產(chǎn)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ),如：happen,last,takeplace,breakout,comeout,comeabout,cometrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)意義.例Howdothenewspaperscomeout?這些報(bào)紙是怎樣引出來的呢？系動(dòng)詞沒有主動(dòng)形式,但有些示意感想感染、感官的連系動(dòng)詞feel,sound,taste,book,feel等在主系表構(gòu)造中常以主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)意義.例Yourreasonsoundsreasonable五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)意義在某些句型中可用動(dòng)名詞和不定式的主動(dòng)形式表主動(dòng)意義.時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日1．在need,want,require,bear等詞的后邊,動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式.例Thehouseneedsrepairing（toberepaired）．這屋子需要維修.2．形容詞worth后邊跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)含義,但不克不及跟動(dòng)詞不定式；而worthy后邊跟動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式.例Thepicture-bookiswellworthreading．（＝Thepicture-bookisveryworthytoberead．）動(dòng)詞不定式在名詞后邊作定語(yǔ),不定式和名詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí),又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,不定式的主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)含義.例Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon．(todo與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,與I是主謂關(guān)系.)試比較：I’llgotothepostoffice.Doyouhavealettertobeposted?(此處用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作定語(yǔ)注明you不是post動(dòng)作的履行者.)4.在某些“形容詞＋不定式”做表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的構(gòu)造中,句子的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)又是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí),這時(shí)常常使用不定式的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)主動(dòng)意義.這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等.例Thisproblemisdifficulttoworkout.（可看作toworkout省略了forme）.5．在tooto構(gòu)造中,不定式前面可加邏輯主語(yǔ),因此應(yīng)用主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)意義.例Thisbookistooexpensive(forme)tobuy.6.在therebe句型中,當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ),要點(diǎn)在人,用主動(dòng)形式作定語(yǔ),要點(diǎn)在物.例Thereisnotimetolose（tobelost）．（用tolose可當(dāng)作forustolose；用tobelost,誰(shuí)losttime不明確.）7.在betodo構(gòu)造中的一些不定式往常應(yīng)用主動(dòng)表主動(dòng),主動(dòng)表主動(dòng).但是,因?yàn)楣庞⒄Z(yǔ)的影響,以下動(dòng)詞rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主動(dòng)形式示意主動(dòng)意義.例Whoistoblameforstartingthefire?六、介詞in,on,under等+名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)表主動(dòng)意義示意方向的介詞與含動(dòng)作意義的名詞適用,含主動(dòng)之義,其意義相當(dāng)于該名詞相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式,名詞前一般不用冠詞.“under+名詞”構(gòu)造,示意“某事在進(jìn)行中”.稀有的有：undercontrol（受控制）,undertreatment（在治療中）,underrepair（在維修中）,underdiscussion（在議論中）,underconstruction（在施工中）.例Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed).2．“beyond+名詞”構(gòu)造,“出乎賽過、規(guī)模、限度”.稀有的有：beyondbelief(令人難以置信),beyondone’s時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日reach（力所不及）,beyondone’scontrol（沒法控制）,beyondourhope．我們的成功始料不及.例Therumourisbeyondbelief（=can’tbebelieved）．“above+名詞”構(gòu)造,示意“(質(zhì)量、行為、能力等)高出、高于”.例Hishonestcharacterisaboveallpraise．=Hishonestcharactercannotbepraisedenough．4．“for+名詞”構(gòu)造,示意“適于、為著”.如：forsale(銷售),forrent（出租）等.例Thathouseisforsale.(=Thathouseistobesold).5．“in+名詞”構(gòu)造,示意“在過程中或規(guī)模內(nèi)”稀有的有：inprint（在印刷中）,insight(在視線規(guī)模內(nèi)),等.例Thebookisnotyetinprint．(=isnotyetprinted)6．“on+名詞”構(gòu)造,示意“在從事中”.稀有的有：onsale(銷售),onshow（展出）,ontrial（受審）.例Todaysometreasuresareonshowinthemuseum(=arebeingshowed).7．“outof+名詞”構(gòu)造；示意“高出以外“,稀有的有：outofcontrol(控制不了),outofsight（高出視線之外）,outofone’sreach(夠不著),outoffashion(不流行)等.例Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)．.8．“within+名詞”構(gòu)造,“在內(nèi)、不高出”.例Hetooktwodaysoffwithintheteacher'spermission【題型展現(xiàn)】AtalkonChinesehistoryintheschoolhallnextweek.2.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.A.needn’tbethrownB.mustn’tbethrownC.can’tthrowD.maynotthrow3.Youmaygofishingifyourwork.時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日時(shí)間：二O二一年七月二十九日4.Thetreesmustthreetimesaweek.waters—Iwon’tcometothepartyunlessSue,too.—YoumeanifSuecomesyou’llcome?6.Ilikemynewbike.Itverywell.C.isriddenD.hasriddenMr.Chen