基于BS的高校教師考核管理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與開發(fā) 畢業(yè)論文

AlongwiththecomputersoftwareandtherapiddevelopmentofInternettechnology,B/Ssystemhasbeeninpeople'sworkandlifeoccupiedaveryimportantposition.Alongwiththedevelopmentofnetworkandtheimportanceofcollegeteacherassessment,buildabasedonB/Sofuniversityteachersexaminationmanagementsystemisveryimportant.ThesystemusesthePHP,JavascriptandHTMLlanguage,completedabasicuniversityteachers'evaluationmanagementsystem.TheserverneedtoinstallApacheserversoftwareandMySqldatabasemanagementsystem,theclientdoesnotneedtoinstallanysoftware,onlyneedthebrowsercanusethesystem.Thebasicfunctionofthesystemmoduleincludes:teachersregister,teacherassessment,publicdocumentswiththeuploadthedownload,assessmentresultwithstatistics,teachersqueryusermanagement,departmentadministratorusermanagement,theassessmentprojectSettings,etc.Thisarticlefromtherequirementanalysis,overalldesign,detaileddesignandcodingetcdescribesthedesignandimplementationofthesystem,andalsodescribestheworkingprocessofthesystem.Teacherassessment國外高校教師教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)發(fā)展到今天，歷經(jīng)初始發(fā)展階段、獎(jiǎng)懲性審核階段和發(fā)展性審核階段，其內(nèi)涵、理論和實(shí)踐都得到了長足發(fā)展。從教育心理學(xué)角度出發(fā)，教師的自我發(fā)展、自我激勵(lì)、自我成就感是挖掘工作潛能的最主要因素，所以發(fā)展性教師教學(xué)審核突出教師個(gè)體的自我評(píng)價(jià)與自我主動(dòng)提高。充分發(fā)揮教師本人在審核過程中的主動(dòng)參與作用，積極完善和提高自身的教學(xué)水平。努力使自身價(jià)值與學(xué)校價(jià)值趨于一致。綜觀國外高校教師評(píng)價(jià)的基本內(nèi)容，他們一般都將一個(gè)公平、公正、透明的教師評(píng)估體系看作是學(xué)校管理架構(gòu)中不可或缺的一部分；考核指標(biāo)確立的指導(dǎo)思想與學(xué)校的定位與發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略高度保持一致，是學(xué)校發(fā)展目標(biāo)落實(shí)到教師個(gè)人身上的直接體現(xiàn)；考核指標(biāo)體系不僅應(yīng)起到一個(gè)目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的作用，有利于教師自身的發(fā)展，還應(yīng)能確保學(xué)校教學(xué)工作的質(zhì)量和科研、服務(wù)工作的開展，從而推動(dòng)學(xué)校的發(fā)展。系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)時(shí)間：?jiǎn)斡脩舻卿洉r(shí)系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間在2秒鐘左右，多用戶登錄系統(tǒng)時(shí)系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)時(shí)間應(yīng)為用戶可以接受的等待時(shí)間?？煽啃院头€(wěn)定性要求：要具有實(shí)用性、界面美觀、操作簡(jiǎn)單、條理清晰；應(yīng)用軟件與數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)要做到安全可靠，防止非法用戶的入侵。一個(gè)1:1聯(lián)系可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的關(guān)系模式，也可以與任意一端對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系模式合并；一個(gè)1:n聯(lián)系可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的關(guān)系模式，也可以與n端對(duì)應(yīng)的關(guān)系模式合并；一個(gè)m:n聯(lián)系可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的關(guān)系模式；一個(gè)多元聯(lián)系可以轉(zhuǎn)換為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的關(guān)系模式；具有相同碼的關(guān)系模式可以合并。測(cè)試任何軟件產(chǎn)品都有兩種方法：如果已經(jīng)知道了產(chǎn)品應(yīng)該具有的功能，通過測(cè)試來檢驗(yàn)是否每個(gè)功能都能正常使用；如果知道產(chǎn)品內(nèi)部工作過程，通過測(cè)試來檢驗(yàn)產(chǎn)品內(nèi)部動(dòng)作是否按規(guī)定正常進(jìn)行。前一種方法稱為黑盒測(cè)試，后一種方法稱為白盒測(cè)試。對(duì)于軟件測(cè)試而言，黑盒測(cè)試法把程序看作一個(gè)黑盒子，完全不考慮程序的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和處理過程。也就是說，黑盒測(cè)試是在程序接口進(jìn)行的測(cè)試，它只檢查程序功能是否能正常使用，程序是否能適當(dāng)?shù)慕邮蛰斎氲臄?shù)據(jù)并產(chǎn)生正確的輸出信息，程序運(yùn)行過程中能否保持外部信息的完整性。黑盒測(cè)試又稱為功能測(cè)試。白盒測(cè)試法和黑盒測(cè)試法相反，它的前提是可以把程序看成裝在一個(gè)透明的白盒子里，測(cè)試者完全知道程序的結(jié)構(gòu)和處理算法。這種方法按照程序內(nèi)部的邏輯測(cè)試程序，檢測(cè)程序中的主要執(zhí)行通路是否都能按預(yù)定要求正確的工作。白盒測(cè)試又稱為結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)試。通過單元測(cè)試，發(fā)現(xiàn)了系統(tǒng)中存在的一些錯(cuò)誤和漏洞，將這些問題解決后，又對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了集成測(cè)試。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明系統(tǒng)能達(dá)到所需要求，各部分測(cè)試都能達(dá)到理想結(jié)果。1.PHPPHP,isEnglishsuperHypertextPreprocessortextpretreatmentlanguagetheabbreviations.PHPisakindofHTMLembeddedlanguage,isakindofexecutedontheserverembeddedHTMLdocumentofthescriptinglanguage,thelanguagestylehavesimilartotheClanguage,iswidelyused.PHPuniquegrammarmixedtheC,Java,PerlandownPHPsyntax.NewPHPinstallationItcanmorequicklythanCGIorPerltheexecutionofthedynamicwebpages.AdynamicpageswithPHPwithotherprogramminglanguages,PHPiscomparedtoprogramintotheHTMLdocumenttoperformtheexecutionefficiency,thantheCGIHTMLtagsgeneratecompletelymuchhigher;PHPcanalsoperformcompiledcode,andthetranslatedcanachieveencryptionandoptimizingcoderunningmakecodefaster.PHPhasverypowerfulfunctions,alltheCGIfunctionPHPrealized,andsupportalmostallpopulardatabaseandtheoperatingsystem.ThecharacteristicsofthePHPincludePHP:1,opensourcecode:allofthePHPcodeinfactyoucanget.2,PHPisfree.Andotherthantechnology,PHPitselfforfree.3andthepromptnessofPHPprogrammingquick,runfast,technologyitselflearningquickly.EmbeddedHTML:becausePHPcanbeembeddedHTMLlanguage,itsrelativetootherlanguage,theeditorsimple,practicalstrong,themoresuitableforbeginners.4,cross-platform-abilitystrong:becausePHPisrunningattheserverscripts,canrunonUNIX,LINUX,WINDOWS.5,highefficiency:PHPconsumptionrathersmallsystemresources.6,imageprocessing,imagecreatedinPHP7,object-oriented:inphp4php5,object-oriented,hasagreatimprovement,nowPHPcompletelycanbeusedtodevelopthelargebusinessprogram.8,professionalfocus;PHPsupportscriptinglanguageisgivenpriorityto,thesamefortheclassClanguage.JavaScriptisakindofbasedonobjectandeventdrivenandhasrelativelysecurityclientscriptlanguage.ButitisalsoawidelyusedforclientdevelopmentWebscriptinglanguage,usedforHTMLpageadddynamicfunction,suchasrespondtouseralloperating.ItatfirstbynetscapeBrendanEichdesign,isadynamic,weaktype,basedonthelanguageoftheprototype,built-insupportclass.JavaScriptisfromregisteredtrademark.[1]EcmainternationalbasedinJavaScriptforECMAScriptstandards.JavaScriptcanalsobeusedtootheroccasions,suchastheserver-sideprogramming.CompleteJavaScriptrealizecontainsthreeparts:ECMAScript,documentobjectmodel,byteorderasign.NetscapeinthecompanyfirstscriptinglanguagenamedLiveScripttoNetscapeincooperationwiththeSunmicrosystemafterrenamedJavaScript.InitiallyinspiredbytheJavaJavaScriptandbegantodesign,oneoftheaimsisto"looklikeJava"[2],sogrammararesimilar,somenameandnamedstandardalsoborrowfromJava.ButthemaindesignprinciplesderivedfromJavaScriptasScheme[3].AndJavaScriptandJavanameontheapproximationofthetimeistomarketing,netscapeconsiderationandfromtheresultofanagreement.Inordertoobtaintechnologyadvantage,MicrosoftlaunchedJScripttofightJavaScriptscriptinglanguage.Inordertointeroperability,Ecmainternational(formerlyknownastheEuropeancomputermanufacturersassociation)tocreatetheEcma-262standard(ECMAScript).NowbothbelongstotherealizationofECMAScript.AlthoughJavaScripttotheprogramasmembersofthescriptinglanguage,notastotheprogramstaffprogramminglanguagetopromoteandpublicity,butJavaScripthavetheveryrichproperties.Caninteractive,toincludemoreactiveelements,itisnecessarytoembeddedinawebpageothertechnology.Suchas:Javascript,DocumentObjectModel,additionally,theDocumentObjectModel(DOM),andCascadingStyleSheetsLayers(CSS,CascadingStyleSheets),herebasicallyspeakJavascript.SoJavascriptiswhateasteast?Javascriptisadapttotheneedsofthedynamicwebpagesandthebirthofanewprogramminglanguage,nowmoreandmorewidelyusedinInternetwebpages.JavascriptisbyNetscapecompanythedevelopmentofascriptinglanguage(scriptinglanguage),orcalleddescriptionlanguage.InHTMLbasis,usingJavascriptcandevelopinteractiveWebpage.Theemergenceofthewebpageandmakechoicebetweenausertorealizereal-time,dynamic,interactiverelation,makethewebpagesthatcontainthemoreactiveelementsandmorewonderfulcontent.OperationwithJavascriptprogrammingtoneedtobeabletosupportJavascriptlanguagebrowser.NetscapeNavigatorcompanymorethan3.0versionofthebrowsercansupportJavascriptprogram,MicrosoftInternetExplorer3.0oraboveversionofthebrowserbasicallysupportJavascript.MicrosoftandtheirdevelopmentofJavascript,calledJScript.JavascriptandJscriptisbasicallythesameas,justinsomedetailstocomeandgo.Javascriptareshort,itisinaclientofexecution,greatlyimprovingthebrowsingthewebspeedandabilitytointeract.AtthesametimeitisdesignedformakingWebpagetailorofasimpleprogramminglanguage.JavaScriptpageincreaseinteractivity.JavaScriptmakeregularlyrepeatHTMLthisparagraphsimplified,toreducethedownloadtime.JavaScriptcanrespondtouseroperation,tosubmittheformofinstantcheck,donotwastetimetoaCGIverification.JavaScriptischaracteristicoftheendless,aslongasyouhaveoriginality.Javascriptlibrary:Thelibrary,canbeappliedtotheexistingdevelopmentsystemforthe,ready-madesourcecode.LibraryisnotonlyforpartofthedailyroutineofDOMscriptprogrammingworkprovideaquicksolution,andalsooffersmanyuniquetools.Althoughthelibraryissoeasytouse,buttheyalsowillnotsolveallofyourproblems.Intheuseoflibrarybefore,mustassurereallyunderstandtheDOMprinciplejavascript.Thelibraryisusuallya(orDuoGe)js(Javascriptistheabbreviationof)file,aslongastheintoyourwebpagecanuse.Commonlyusedlibrary:jQuery:javascriptlibrarynewmembersof,provideCSSandxpathselectorfindelements,ajax,animationeffectsandthedojo:ahugelibrary,includingalotofthings,dijitanddojoxistheexpansionofthedojo,almostyouwantallkindsofjavascriptprogramisincluded.Prototype:averypopularlibraries,usingtheprototypechaintojavascriptaddedalotofnicefunctionYUI:(YahooYUIlibrary)yahoo!Theuserinterface,verypractical,provideallkindsofsolution.ExtJs:componentveryrich,theskinalsoisverybeautiful,animationeffectalsoisrich.3.AJAXAJAXisnotanewprogramminglanguage,butausedtocreatebetterandfasterandinteractivestrongerWebapplicationsofthetechnology.ThroughtheAJAX,yourJavaScriptcanuseJavaScriptXMLHttpRequestobjecttocommunicatedirectlywiththeserver.Throughthisobject,youcannotoverloadedpageinJavaScriptandWebserverexchangedata.AJAXinthebrowserandtheWebserveruseasynchronousdatatransferbetween(HTTPrequest),thiscanmaketheWebpagerequestasmallamountofinformationfromtheserver,nottheentirepage.AJAXcanmaketheInternetapplicationssmaller,faster,morefriendly.AJAXisakindofindependentofWebserversoftwarebrowsertechnology.AJAXisbasedonthefollowingWebstandards:JavaScriptXMLHTMLCSSinAJAXusedinWebstandardhasbeenwelldefined,andbyallthemainstreambrowsersupport.AJAXapplicationindependentofthebrowserandplatform.Webapplicationsadesktopapplicationhasmanyadvantages;Theycaninvolvethevastnumberofusers,theyaremorelikelytoinstallationandmaintenance,aremorelikelytodevelop.However,theInternetapplicationsarenotalwaysastraditionaldesktopapplicationsthatperfectandfriendly.ThroughtheAJAX,Internetapplicationcanbecomemoreperfect,morefriendly.PHP，是英文超級(jí)文本預(yù)處理語言HypertextPreprocessor的縮寫。PHP是一種HTML內(nèi)嵌式的語言，是一種在服務(wù)器端執(zhí)行的嵌入HTML文檔的腳本語言，語言的風(fēng)格有類似于C語言，被廣泛的運(yùn)用。PHP獨(dú)特的語法混合了C、Java、Perl以及PHP自創(chuàng)新的語法。它可以比CGI或者Perl更快速的執(zhí)行動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁。用PHP做出的動(dòng)態(tài)頁面與其他的編程語言相比，PHP是將程序嵌入到HTML文檔中去執(zhí)行，執(zhí)行效率比完全生成HTML標(biāo)記的CGI要高許多；PHP還可以執(zhí)行編譯后代碼，編譯可以達(dá)到加密和優(yōu)化代碼運(yùn)行，使代碼運(yùn)行更快。PHP具有非常強(qiáng)大的功能，所有的CGI的功能PHP都能實(shí)現(xiàn)，而且支持幾乎所有流行的數(shù)據(jù)庫以及操作系統(tǒng)。PHP的特性包括：1、開放的源代碼：所有的PHP源代碼事實(shí)上都可以得到。2、PHP是免費(fèi)的：和其它技術(shù)相比，PHP本身免費(fèi)。3、php的快捷性：程序開發(fā)快，運(yùn)行快，技術(shù)本身學(xué)習(xí)快；嵌入HTML：因?yàn)镻HP可以嵌入HTML語言，它相對(duì)于其他語言，編輯簡(jiǎn)單，實(shí)用性強(qiáng)，更適合初學(xué)者。4、跨平臺(tái)性強(qiáng)：由于PHP是運(yùn)行在服務(wù)器端的腳本,可以運(yùn)行在UNIX、LINUX、WINDOWS下。5、效率高：PHP消耗相當(dāng)少的系統(tǒng)資源。6、圖像處理：用PHP動(dòng)態(tài)創(chuàng)建圖像。7、面向?qū)ο螅涸趐hp4,php5中，面向?qū)ο蠓矫娑加辛撕艽蟮母倪M(jìn)，現(xiàn)在php完全可以用來開發(fā)大型商業(yè)程序。8、專業(yè)專注：PHP支持腳本語言為主，同為類C語言。2.Javascript技術(shù)JavaScript是一種基于對(duì)象和事件驅(qū)動(dòng)并具有相對(duì)安全性的客戶端腳本語言。同時(shí)也是一種廣泛用于客戶端Web開發(fā)的腳本語言，常用來給HTML網(wǎng)頁添加動(dòng)態(tài)功能，比如響應(yīng)用戶的各種操作。它最初由網(wǎng)景公司的BrendanEich設(shè)計(jì)，是一種動(dòng)態(tài)、弱類型、基于原型的語言，內(nèi)置支持類。JavaScript是Sun公司的注冊(cè)商標(biāo)。Ecma國際以JavaScript為基礎(chǔ)制定了ECMAScript標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。JavaScript也可以用于其他場(chǎng)合，如服務(wù)器端編程。完整的JavaScript實(shí)現(xiàn)包含三個(gè)部分：ECMAScript，文檔對(duì)象模型，字節(jié)順序記號(hào)。Netscape公司在最初將其腳本語言命名為LiveScript來Netscape在與Sun合作之后將其改名為JavaScript。JavaScript最初受Java啟發(fā)而開始設(shè)計(jì)的，目的之一就是“看上去像Java”，因此語法上有類似之處，一些名稱和命名規(guī)范也借自Java。但JavaScript的主要設(shè)計(jì)原則源自Self和Scheme[3].JavaScript與Java名稱上的近似，是當(dāng)時(shí)網(wǎng)景為了營銷考慮與Sun公司達(dá)成協(xié)議的結(jié)果。為了取得技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，微軟推出了JScript來迎戰(zhàn)JavaScript的腳本語言。為了互用性，Ecma國際（前身為歐洲計(jì)算機(jī)制造商協(xié)會(huì)）創(chuàng)建了ECMA-262標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（ECMAScript）?，F(xiàn)在兩者都屬于ECMAScript的實(shí)現(xiàn)。盡管JavaScript作為給非程序人員的腳本語言，而非作為給程序人員的編程語言來推廣和宣傳，但是JavaScript具有非常豐富的特性。能夠具有交互性，能夠包含更多活躍的元素，就有必要在網(wǎng)頁中嵌入其它的技術(shù)。如：Javascript、VBScript、DocumentObjectModel（DOM，文檔對(duì)象模型）、Layers和CascadingStyleSheets（CSS，層疊樣式表），這里主要講Javascript。那么Javascript是什么東東？Javascript就是適應(yīng)動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁制作的需要而誕生的一種新的編程語言，如今越來越廣泛地使用于Internet網(wǎng)頁制作上。Javascript是由Netscape公司開發(fā)的一種腳本語言（scriptinglanguage），或者稱為描述語言。在HTML基礎(chǔ)上，使用Javascript可以開發(fā)交互式Web網(wǎng)頁。Javascript的出現(xiàn)使得網(wǎng)頁和用戶之間實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種實(shí)時(shí)性的、動(dòng)態(tài)的、交互性的關(guān)系，使網(wǎng)頁包含更多活躍的元素和更加精彩的內(nèi)容。運(yùn)行用Javascript編寫的程序需要能支持Javascript語言的瀏