固有思維模式轉變?yōu)榘l(fā)展思維模式

固有思維模轉變?yōu)榘l(fā)展思維模式WHYdosometheircreativepotentialotherequallytalentedpeersdon’t?SkiptonextparagraphEnlargeThisImageJamesYangAfterthreedecadesofpainstakingresearch,theStanfordpsychologistCarolthattheanswertothepuzzleliesinthinkaboutintelligenceandThosetheywerebornwithallthesmartsandgiftsthey’reevergoingtohaveapproachwithwhatsheset.”ieveabilitiescanexpandovertime,however,livewitha“growthmindset.”Guesswhichonesprovetobemostinnovativeovertime.“Societyisobsessedwiththeideaoftalentandgeniusandpeoplewhoare‘naturals’withinnate”saysMs.Dweck,whoisknownforresearchthatcrossestheboundariesofpersonal,socialanddevelopmentalpsychology.“Peoplewhobelieveinthepoweroftalenttendnottofulfilltheirpotential’resomistakes.Butpeoplewhobelievethattalentcanbedevelopedaretheoneswhoreallypush,stretch,confronttheirownmistakesandlearnfromthem.”Inthiscase,nurturewinsoutovernaturejustabouteverytime.Whilesomemanagersapplytheseprincipleseveryday,toomanyothersinsteadbelievethathiringthebestandthebrightestfromtop-flightschoolsguaranteescorporatesuccess.Theproblemisthat,havingbeenidentifiedasgeniuses,theanointedbecomefearfuloffallingfromgrace.“It’shardtomoveforwardcreativelyandfosterteamworkeachistolooklikethebiggeststarintheconstellation,”Ms.Dwecksays.Inher2006book,“Mindset:TheNewPsychologyofSuccess,”sheshowshowadoptingeitherafixedorgrowthattitudetowardtalentcan

profoundlyaffectallaspectsofaperson’slife,fromparentingandromanticrelationshipstosuccessatschoolandonthejob.Sheattributesthesuccessofseveralhigh-profilechiefexecutivestotheirgrowthmind-set,anenergizeaworkincludeJohnF.WelchJr.ofGeneralElectric,whovaluedteamworkoverindividualLouisV.ofwhobookaboutI.B.M.’sturnaroundto“thethousandsofI.B.M.’erswhonevergaveupon”;andAnneofXerox,focusedmoraleofsheimplementedpainfulcuts.ButMs.Dweckdoesnotsuggestthatrecruitersignoreinnatetalent.Instead,shesuggestslookingforbothtalentandagrowthmind-setinprospectivehires—peoplewithapassionforlearningwhothriveonchallengeandchange.Afterreadingherbook,ScottForstall,seniorvicepresidentofAppleinchargeofiPhonesoftware,contactedMs.DwecktotalkabouthisexperienceputtingtogethertheiPhonedevelopmentteam.Mr.ForstalltoldherthatheidentifiedanumberofsuperstarswithinvariousdepartmentsatAppleandaskedtheminforachat.Atofeachhe’trevealdetailsoftheprojecthewasworkingon.Buthepromisedtheopportunity,Ms.Dwecksays,“tomakemistakesandstruggle,buteventuallywemaydosomethingthatwe’llremembertherestofourlives.”O(jiān)nlypeopleimmediatelyattheendedontheteam.“Itwashisintuitionthathewantedpeoplewhovaluedstretchingthemselvesoverbeingkingoftheirparticularhill,”shesays.Peopleagrowthtendthekindofperseveranceandresiliencerequiredtolife’sintosuccesses.ThatabilitytolearnfromexperiencewascitedastheNo.1ingredientforcreativeachievementinapollof143creativityresearcherscitedin“HandbookofCreativity”in1999.Whichleadsonetoask:Isitpossibletoshiftfromafixedmind-settoagrowthmind-set?Absolutely,accordingtoBut,“it’snoteasytoletgoofsomethingthathasfeltlikeyourselfformanyyears,”shewrites.Still,shesays,“nothingisbetterthanseeingfindtheirwaytothingstheyvalue.”

JanetRae-Dupreewritesaboutscience為什么一些涉及商業(yè)領域的人們能有擁有著創(chuàng)造性的潛意識反之其他的與他們擁有同等智商的同齡人卻不能呢?看下一段你將會有所發(fā)現(xiàn)JamesYang經過3個世紀的不屑努力,Stanford心理研究學家CarolDweck相信答案主要困惑是在于人們是如何認為智慧與才能的那些相信自己生來就機智靈敏賦有天賦的人們,他們曾經企圖想用她所說的一種固有的思維模式"來與生活靠近那些認為自己的能夠可以隨著時間的推移而增強的人們反之,他們卻生活在"擴張性思維模式"中.到現(xiàn)在為止,猜想下哪些人被證實是最有革新的思想呢社會被天才與天賦思想所捆饒著,那些圣人是天生固有的能力,"Dweck先生說,他以研究個人,社會和發(fā)展心理學的界限而著稱"人們相信天才的能力并沒有發(fā)揮出他們本有的潛在能力是因為他們太過于在意他們外觀的敏銳和奠定的事實.但是那些認為天才屬于一些接受對他們施加壓力,磨練和勇敢面對自己所犯的錯誤并吸收改正它的人們既然這樣,后期培養(yǎng)遠遠勝過天資,是把握一個過程.當經理每天都重復提出這些原則的同時其它滲透出來的一些概念也證實出了雇傭最好的知名學校的尖子能夠確保公司的受益問題在于,一直被認為的所謂的天才，這種觀點開始漫漫的腿色變地不那么完美了＂如果群雄中的每一位都想要冒頭那么就很難在達到更加具有創(chuàng)造性和突出的培養(yǎng)小組的目的了．＂Dweck女士說．在２００６年她的書中＂思維模式＂一種新型成功心理學＂她指出如果接受對于天才所固有的和可發(fā)展的態(tài)度才能深刻的影響到人類各個方面的生活教養(yǎng)，富有想象的關系到學校的突出和事業(yè)上的成就．她歸因幾個典型首要執(zhí)行官的成功到他們的發(fā)展思維模式中證了一個人的能力可以激發(fā)他們的工作動力。他們是通用電器的F.Welch，他以個人才能論斷一個小組的價值；IBM的V.GerstnerJr.，獻身于他的著作是有關IBM的轉向專門針對那些從沒放棄過計算機事業(yè)的上千萬職員們有Xerox的AnneM.Mulcahy，正當面臨裁員的危險處境她還堅持滿懷斗志的鼓舞著她的職員們。

但是Dweck女士并不建議被雇傭者因此就忽視了本身的才能反的她還建議對于未來它們所要招聘的職員必須天資與發(fā)展性思維模式要同時進行—喜歡挑戰(zhàn)并能改變局勢的那些迫切渴望得到知識的人們。蘋果公司負責iPhone軟件的高級副總裁Forstall在讀夠她書以后聯(lián)絡Dweck女士談論了關于包括發(fā)展小組在內的他所經歷的經驗Forstall先生告訴她說他識別在蘋果公司各個部門的一批高端人才是通過把他們叫來與他談話的這種方式。在面談一開始，他就提醒這些應聘者說他對他所進