二、托福閱讀指代題

托福閱讀教程Section2–ReferenceQuestionsSection2指代篇一、指代題提問方式ThewordItinthepassagereferstoThewordseveralinthepassagereferstoThewordactorsinthepassagereferstoTheword…in…refersto二、代詞分類DELTAP125常規(guī)考查類：SubjectPronouns:hesheittheySection2指代篇二、代詞分類常規(guī)考查類：ObjectPronouns:

himheritthemSection2指代篇二、代詞分類常規(guī)考查類：Demonstratives:

thisthatthesethoseSection2指代篇搭配考查類：Others

oneanothertheothersomeothersthefirstthelasttheformerthelatterSection2指代篇OtherPronouns:

eachanybotheitherneitherafewseveralmanymost

Section2指代篇低頻考察類：PossessiveAdjectiveshisheritstheirRelativePronounswhowhomwhichwhoseSection2指代篇三、做題步驟Step1:辨代詞語法成分Step2:向前找相似結(jié)構(gòu)Step3:帶入看主謂邏輯Section2指代篇OGP83-9ThewordItinthepassagereferstotheadventofprojectiontheviewer’srelationshipwiththeimageasimilarmachinecelluloidSection2指代篇Step1:辨代詞語法成分Itsuddenlybecamepublic—anexperiencethattheviewersharedwithdozens,scores,andevenhundredsofothers.It作了全句主語，后跟系表Section2指代篇Step2:向前找相似結(jié)構(gòu)Withtheadventofprojection,theviewer’srelationshipwiththeimagewasnolongerprivate，asithadbeenwithearlierpeepshowdevicessuchastheKinetoscopeandtheMutoscope,whichwasasimilarmachinethatreproducedmotionbymeansofsuccessiveimagesonindividualphotographiccardsinsteadofstripsofcelluloid.Section2指代篇Step2:向前找相似結(jié)構(gòu)(Withtheadventofprojection),theviewer’srelationshipwiththeimagewasnolongerprivate，(asithadbeenwithearlierpeepshowdevicessuchastheKinetoscopeandtheMutoscope,)(whichwasasimilarmachinethatreproducedmotionbymeansofsuccessiveimagesonindividualphotographiccardsinsteadofstripsofcelluloid.)Section2指代篇Step2:向前找相似結(jié)構(gòu)(Withtheadventofprojection),theviewer’srelationshipwiththeimagewasnolongerprivate，(asithadbeenwithearlierpeepshowdevicessuchastheKinetoscopeandtheMutoscope,)(whichwasasimilarmachinethatreproducedmotionbymeansofsuccessiveimagesonindividualphotographiccardsinsteadofstripsofcelluloid.)Section2指代篇Step3:帶入看主謂邏輯theviewer’srelationshipwiththeimagewasnolongerprivate，Theviewer’srelationshipwiththeimagesuddenlybecamepublic—anexperiencethattheviewersharedwithdozens,scores,andevenhundredsofothers.Section2指代篇OGP83-9ThewordItinthepassagereferstotheadventofprojection出現(xiàn)theviewer’srelationshipwiththeimageasimilarmachinecelluloid膠片Section2指代篇四、題目規(guī)律

1、考后瞻前得分要點(diǎn)：

相鄰兩句話，后句中代詞指代前句中對(duì)應(yīng)位置的名詞主句對(duì)主句，從句對(duì)從句（主從、賓從、表從）

Section2指代篇1、考后瞻前ThewordSomeinparagraph2referstoeffectschemicalsenzymescellsSection2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Someareabsorbedfromanorganism’senvironmentandactasmetabolicpoisons.

考后瞻前：

Certainchemicalsselectivelyinhibittheactionofspecificenzymesinplantandanimalcells.Section2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Someareabsorbedfromanorganism’senvironmentandactasmetabolicpoisons.

考后瞻前：

Certainchemicalsselectivelyinhibittheactionofspecificenzymesinplantandanimalcells.Section2指代篇ThewordSomeinparagraph2referstoeffectschemicalsenzymescellsSection2指代篇ThewordSomeinparagraph2referstoeffects

chemicals化學(xué)元素enzymes酶cellsSection2指代篇

Chemicals

areabsorbedfromanorganism’senvironmentandactasmetabolicpoisons.metabolic:新陳代謝的

Certainchemicalsselectivelyinhibittheactionofspecificenzymesinplantandanimalcells.Section2指代篇1、考后瞻前ThewordTheseinthepassagereferstofinaldecadesguidingprinciplesappliedartsindigenousdesignsSection2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Thesewerepromotedinbooks,magazines,newspapersandartschoolsoftheperiod.

考后瞻前：

Inthefinaldecadesofthenineteenthcentury,theguidingprinciplesfortheappliedartsweresensitivehandcrafting,simplicity,andrespectforindigenousdesigns.Section2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Thesewerepromotedinbooks,magazines,newspapersandartschoolsoftheperiod.

考后瞻前：

Inthefinaldecadesofthenineteenthcentury,theguidingprinciplesfortheappliedartsweresensitivehandcrafting,simplicity,andrespectforindigenousdesigns.Section2指代篇ThewordTheseinthepassagereferstofinaldecadesguidingprinciplesappliedartsindigenousdesignsSection2指代篇ThewordTheseinthepassagereferstofinaldecades

guidingprinciplesappliedartsindigenousdesigns本土的設(shè)計(jì)Section2指代篇

Theguidingprinciples

werepromotedinbooks,magazines,newspapersandartschoolsoftheperiod.Inthefinaldecadesofthenineteenthcentury,theguidingprinciplesfortheappliedartsweresensitivehandcrafting,simplicity,andrespectforindigenousdesigns.

sensitivehandcrafting:精細(xì)的手工制造simplicity:質(zhì)樸性indigenousdesigns:本土設(shè)計(jì)

Section2指代篇1、考后瞻前得分要點(diǎn)：

相鄰兩句話，后句中代詞指代前句中對(duì)應(yīng)位置的名詞；

一個(gè)句子分成前后兩個(gè)分句（主句+定從/狀從），后句中代詞指代前句中對(duì)應(yīng)位置的名詞

Section2指代篇1、考后瞻前Thewordtheyinthepassagereferstostratifiedsocietiesindividualslargenumberoffamilieseducation,income,andvaluesSection2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Ifalargenumberoffamiliesaresimilartoeachotherineducation,income,andvalues,theyconstituteasocialclass.

考后瞻前Section2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Ifalargenumberoffamiliesaresimilartoeachotherineducation,income,andvalues,theyconstituteasocialclass.

考后瞻前Section2指代篇Thewordtheyinthepassagereferstostratifiedsocietiesindividualslargenumberoffamilieseducation,income,andvaluesSection2指代篇Thewordtheyinthepassagereferstostratifiedsocietiesindividuals

largenumberoffamilieseducation,income,andvaluesSection2指代篇1、考后瞻前Theworditinparagraph2referstocalciumvitaminDbonematrixgravitySection2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Consequently,whengravitypushesontheskeleton,itcausesthetypicalbowingofthelegsseeninachildwiththediseasecalledrickets.

考后瞻前Section2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Consequently,whengravitypushesontheskeleton,itcausesthetypicalbowingofthelegsseeninachildwiththediseasecalledrickets.

考后瞻前Section2指代篇Theworditinparagraph2referstocalciumvitaminDbonematrixgravitySection2指代篇Theworditinparagraph2referstocalcium鈣vitaminDbonematrix骨基質(zhì)

gravitySection2指代篇陷阱題1ThewordThisinparagraph1referstophloeminnerbarkvascularcambiumnakedeyeSection2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Thisisthetree’smajorgrowthorgan,responsiblefortheoutwardwideningofthetrunk,branches,twigs,androots.

考后瞻前:

Betweenthesetwopipelinesisthevascularcambium,asingle-celllayertoothintobeseenbythenakedeye.Section2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Thisisthetree’smajorgrowthorgan,responsiblefortheoutwardwideningofthetrunk,branches,twigs,androots.

考后瞻前:倒裝+同位語

Betweenthesetwopipelinesisthevascularcambium,asingle-celllayertoothintobeseenbythenakedeye.Section2指代篇陷阱題1ThewordThisinparagraph1referstophloeminnerbarkvascularcambiumnakedeyeSection2指代篇陷阱題1ThewordThisinparagraph1referstophloem韌皮innerbark樹皮

vascularcambium維管形成層nakedeyeSection2指代篇陷阱題2ThewordtheminthepassagereferstoyoungergenerationsdataAmericansunmarriedcouplesSection2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

2.8millionofthenation’shouseholdsareunmarriedcouples,andone-thirdofthemarecaringforchildren,accordingtotheCensusBureau.

考后瞻前Section2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

2.8millionofthenation’shouseholdsareunmarriedcouples,andone-thirdofthemarecaringforchildren,accordingtotheCensusBureau.

考后瞻前:主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主語表語均為名詞Section2指代篇陷阱題2ThewordtheminthepassagereferstoyoungergenerationsdataAmericansunmarriedcouplesSection2指代篇陷阱題2ThewordtheminthepassagereferstoyoungergenerationsdataAmericans

unmarriedcouplesSection2指代篇陷阱題3OGP2444.Theword“them”inthepassagereferstoemotionspeoplephotographsculturesSection2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：Hethenaskedpeoplearoundtheworldtoindicatewhatemotionswerebeingdepictedinthem.

考后瞻前

名詞性從句中的代詞（非定從、非狀從）

賓語從句對(duì)應(yīng)前一句同等成分：賓語Section2指代篇

向前一句：InclassicresearchPaulEkmantookphotographsofpeopleexhibitingtheemotionsofanger,disgust,fear,happiness,andsadness.

Section2指代篇

向前一句：(Inclassicresearch)PaulEkmantookphotographs(ofpeopleexhibitingtheemotionsofanger,disgust,fear,happiness,andsadness).

Section2指代篇陷阱題3OGP2444.Theword“them”inthepassagereferstoemotionspeoplephotographsculturesSection2指代篇陷阱題3OGP2444.Theword“them”inthepassagereferstoemotionspeople

photographsculturesSection2指代篇

InclassicresearchPaulEkmantookphotographsofpeopleexhibitingtheemotionsofanger,disgust,fear,happiness,andsadness.Hethenaskedpeoplearoundtheworldtoindicatewhatemotionswerebeingdepictedinphotographs.

depict:描繪

Section2指代篇四、題目規(guī)律

2、平行結(jié)構(gòu)得分要點(diǎn)：

并列的兩個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞后的賓語代詞指代第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后的賓語名詞；Section2指代篇2、平行結(jié)構(gòu)Thewordtheminparagraph3referstomodernmethodsandmaterialsherprojectsbuildingandsitetexture,pattern,andcolorSection2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Shetreatedbuildingandsiteasintegralhalvesofasinglecompositionandmergedthemseamlessly.

Section2指代篇平行結(jié)構(gòu)

Shetreatedbuildingandsiteasintegralhalvesofasinglecompositionand

mergedthem

seamlessly.

merged+them

平行于

treated+buildingandsite

Section2指代篇Thewordtheminparagraph3referstomodernmethodsandmaterialsherprojectsbuildingandsitetexture,pattern,andcolorSection2指代篇Thewordtheminparagraph3referstomodernmethodsandmaterialsherprojects

buildingandsitetexture,pattern,andcolor質(zhì)地、形狀和顏色Section2指代篇四、題目規(guī)律

3、固定搭配得分要點(diǎn)：

有搭配關(guān)系的詞匯成為解題的最直接線索，短平快得分題。Section2指代篇3、固定搭配ThewordanotherinthepassagereferstocurrencyenergymatterformSection2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Wealsouseittomovepeopleandotherobjectsaswellastochangematterfromonephysicalorchemicalformtoanother.

Section2指代篇

固定搭配

Wealsouseittomovepeopleandotherobjectsaswellastochangematterfromonephysicalorchemicalformtoanother.

one

physicalorchemicalform搭配

another(physicalorchemicalform)

Section2指代篇ThewordanotherinthepassagereferstocurrencyenergymatterformSection2指代篇Thewordanotherinthepassagereferstocurrency行情energymatterformSection2指代篇3、固定搭配Thewordoneinparagraph1referstoploytulipflowercolorSection2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：

Inthatonebrilliantmarketingploy,Krelagechangedthetulipfromaflowerthatwascarefullyandindividuallydisplayedtoonethatwasplantedinmassbeddingsofbeautifulcolor.

Section2指代篇

固定搭配

Inthatonebrilliantmarketingploy,Krelagechangedthetulipfromaflowerthatwascarefullyandindividuallydisplayedtoone

thatwasplantedinmassbeddingsofbeautifulcolor.

from…to…

Section2指代篇Thewordoneinparagraph1referstoploytulipflowercolorSection2指代篇Thewordoneinparagraph1referstoploy策略tulip郁金香

flowercolorSection2指代篇四、題目規(guī)律

4、代詞傳遞得分要點(diǎn)：

向前、向前、向前！Section2指代篇4、代詞傳遞Thewordseveralinparagraph2referstosculpturesvariationsdollsformsSection2指代篇

對(duì)應(yīng)原句：Theyarenotlargeirondolls,althoughseveralhave“heads”or“l(fā)egs”.

考后瞻前

Theyarenotlargeirondolls,althoughseveralhave“heads”or“l(fā)egs”.

代詞傳遞：繼續(xù)向前Section2指代篇代詞傳遞：繼續(xù)向前

ManyofSmith’ssculpturesare“totems”thatsuggestvariationsonthehumanfigure.Section2指代篇Thewordseveralinparagraph2referstosculpturesvariationsdollsformsSection2指代篇Thewordseveralinparagraph2refersto

sculptures雕塑variations多樣性dollsformsSection2指代篇1.Theword“they”inthepassagereferstofutureexplosionspent-upaggressionimpulsesoutletsindirectways真題鞏固Pent-upaggressionimpulsesdemandoutlets.Theymaybeexpressedtowardparentsinindirectwayssuchasdestroyingfurniture,ortheymaybeexpressedtowardstrangerslat