高考英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)辨析專題練習(xí)

高考英語(yǔ)詞語(yǔ)辨析專題練習(xí)alive,living,live,livelyHehadastrangewayofmakinghisclassesandinteresting.Weusuallybuyfishinthemarket.It'llbethebiggestconcerttheworldhaseverseen.Untilrecently,theonlymiludeerintheworldbelongedtotheDukeofBedfordinEngland.He'sdead,buthisdogisstill.Theenemygeneraliscaught.He'sregardedasoneofthebestscientistatpresent.Themustfinishtheworkofthosedead.All(all)right.,That'sallright.,That'sright.---Themoongoesaroundtheearth.---I'msorry,butIcan'tagreewithyou.---It'seighto'clock.Let'sgotoschooltogether.---Howisyourrecentwork?---It'salone,lonelyAfterhisparentsdied,hebecame,buthedidn'tfeelwithallhisfriendsaround.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zWhenthebabywokeup,hefoundhimself.Idon'tlikegoingoutafterdark.Sheraisedherfamilyquite.Livinginabigcitycanbevery.Thereisn'tenoughroomforus,letthesixdogsandacat.I'vetoldyoubefore---leavemythings.Antarctica(南極洲)istheplaceonearth.affect,effectThewarandthesufferingthatitcausedhimgreatly.characterWhat'slearnedinbookscannothavethesamedeeponachildscharacteraswhat'slearnedthroughexperience.alone,only,single(1)Thisisthepaintinginthisstylethatwehave.(2)Timewillshowwhowasright.(3)Aappleishanginginthetree.(4)Thisreading-roomisfortheteachers.(5)Notateacherstoppedhisteaching.already,still,yetButperhapstheyhaven'tknownthematter.WhenIwasinbed,Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Havetheconductorshadtheirlunch.Haveyoukepthisletter?Haveyoureceivedhisletter?7.also,too,either,aswell(1)HestudieshardandIstudyhard,(2)HehasbeentoXi'an.Ihavebeenthere.(3)HehasbeentoXi'anandI,,havebeenthere.(4)Hehasn'tbeentoXi'an.Ihaven't(5)Sheisfondofbasketballandfootball(6)Can'tyouseethatI'vegotteeth,answer,replyHesmiledbeforehetomyquestions.Noonewasabletohimaword.Hethathecarednothingforit.He,“Ithoughtyouwerecomingtomorrow."thetelephone/doorbellanyone,anyoneIstherein?Ifyourecognizeofthepeopleinthephotograph,tellus.Ifhehadreadofthosebooks,hewouldhaveknowntheanswer.apologizeto,apologizeforHeapologizedme,becausehewasrudetome.Heapologizedmehisbeingrudetome.John,Iwanttoapologizeyouusall.afterall,inall,atall,aboveallThereweretwelveofusfordinner.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHeshouldhaveofferedtopay---hehasplentyofmoney,.Therewasnothingtoeat.---Thanksforyourkindhelpverymuch.---Not.Hewaseagertoseehisfamilyagain.I'msurprisedyoucame.Bobthoughthecouldn'tgotothepartybecausehehadtoomuchworktodo,buthewentatanymoment,atthemoment,foramoment,forthemoment,inamoment,inthemomentof,themomentIsawhim,Iknewthattherewasnohope.Wearereadytogiveourlivesforourcountry.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zHurryup.Thefilmwillstart.Trytobecalmofdanger.Won'tyoucomein?IfailedtobuythebookbecauseIhadnomoneywithme.Ican'trecognizehim,forit'syearssinceIsawhimlast.atatime,atonetime,attimes,atalltimes,atthesametime,atnotimeThetwoballsfelltotheground.Pleasegivemetwobooks.Lincolnwasapostmaster.shouldyoudivorce(脫離)yourselffromthemassesofthepeople.hewaslateforschool.Weshouldbereadytowipeoutanyenemywhodarestocome.14.begoodat,begoodfor,begoodto(1)HewasverygoodmewhenIwasill.(2)Isthiskindoffoodgoodme?(3)WhenIwasyoung,Iwasgoodatmathematics,languagesandetc.beat,gain,win,defectTheenemywasinadecisivebattle.Shewasdeterminedtotherace.JimTombyayardandtheraceatlast.Totime,IpretendedthatIhadnotheardhisrequest.HetheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1921.beforelong,longbeforeMarxhadtomoveon.Wehaveseenthefilm.We'llseethatfilm.Itwillnotbewefinishthisdictionary.IhadknownhimIgottoknowyou.

17.bring,take,carry,fetch(1)Whohasawaytoday'snewspaper?(2)Nexttimeyoucome,methatbook,please.(3)Thewomanisababyinherarms.(4)Canyoumesomechalk?18.by,(1)on,through,overThechairmanofthemeetingwillspeaktheradio.(2)Theytalkedtousradio.RadioandTVprogramsaresentsatellitesforbroadcasting.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zDoyouwatchfootballTV?Jack,youarewantedthetelephone.byoneself,foroneself,ofoneselfDoyouhaveanythingtosay?Wemustdoourhomework.Thebottlecouldn'thavefallendown.Someonemusthaveknockeditdown.bytheway,inaway,inthe(one's)way,onthe(one's)way(1)Heheldherarmthathurther.(2)Noonewillbeifhewantstodoit.(3)home,hewasmurdered.(4),haveyouseenJohnrecently?

(5)it'sagoodfilm.(6)Heistobecomingagoodengineer.21.careof,carefor,takecareof(1)Nursespatientsinhospitals.(2)Wouldyouawalkwithus?(3)Hehisclothesorfood.(4)Idon'tmovies.22.cause,reason,excuseAsayoungman,hewasforcedtoleavehishomelandforpolitical(2)Poorfoundationwastheofthehouse'scollapse(倒塌)(3)“I'llnotlistentoany，”Mr.Blackstoppedher.23.clean,sweep,wipe(1)He'sbusythedisheswithdrycloth.(2)Aqiaostoodupandthesweat(汗水)offherface.(3)We'regoingtothebedroomforChristmasDay.(4)WhenIcamein,hewasthefloor.24.custom,habitissometimesconsideredasimportantaslaw.I'vegotintotheofturningontheTVthemomentIgethome.It'shistotakeacoldbatheveryday.25.demand,request,require(1)Engineersareingreat.(2)AllIofyouisthatyoushouldcomeearly.(3)Ihavedoneallthatisbylaw.(4)Mr.Whitehisdaughtertoleavehere.(5)Heofmetokeepquiet.(6)Thebabylookingafter.country,land,state,nationMarxandEngelshadoriginal(獨(dú)創(chuàng)的)ideasoftheChinaisagreatwithalonghistory.Thisismynative,andI'lldefenditwithmylife.Thewholewasindeepsorrowatthesadnews.dress,haveon,puton,wear,in,withHeabluecoatandgreytrouserstoday.It'scoldoutside.You'dbettermoreclothes.Hewasheavyshoes.Shewashed,andwentout.Thegirlredisagoodstudent.Mydaughterisoldenoughtoherself.Shewaslightbluesilk.He'swell.Thegirlglassesisourmonitor.

28.else,other,more,another(1)Whatdoyouwant?(2)Wouldyoulikesomesoup?(3)Wewentnowhere.(4)MayIhavetwopotatoes?(5)Tenbooksareinneed.Excuseme,(Iam)sorry,(Ibegyour)pardon,isityourpen?,couldyousayitagain?,butIcan'tgototheofficetoday.,couldyoutellmethewaytotheneareststore?fairly,quire,rather(1)Thisbookistoodifficultforthebeginners.(2)Mybrotherisbettertoday.(3)It'sabadbook.(4)Iattendedainterestinglecture.(5)Whataperfectperformance.(6)I'msorry,butIdon'tcatchyou.fast,quick,soonsoThenextmorning,theteacheraskedtheboy,“HowdidyoufindtheanswersoComputersaregettingsmallerandcomputingand.SoItriedmybesttofindtheanswer.Ifoundit.fault,mistakeInspiteofhis,heisstillagoodcomrade.Youcan'tarrestme!Theremustbesome.They'realwaystryingtofindwithmywork.Ihavetookyourumbrellaby.Ithisownthathedidn'tpassthephysicsexamination.fit,suitTheglovesdon'tme.Haveyougotanotherpairoflargersize?Redandbluearethecolorsthatmewell.forexample,suchas,likeSomecold-bloodedanimals,thecat,thedogorthewolf,donotneedtohibernate.Noise,,isakindofpollution.Whataterriblevoice.Listentothissong,.SomeEnglishwordscomefromotherlanguages,French,GermanandSpanish.Manisdestroyinghimself.,theforestsarebeingcutdowninsomeplaces.wordsastraveled,centreandcolorareAmerican.forget,leaveImywalletinthecar.Iquitehisnameandaddress.YesterdayIthekeyathome.Buttoday,Imustn'titanymore.musthavedone/should(oughtto)havedone/needhavedone/can(could)havedoneYou(go)towatchTV.Youaregoingtotakeanexaminationtomorrow.Thedancingparty(arrive)inBeijingbyten.Theyareplayingontheplaygroundnow.They(finish)theirhomework.Thelightisstillon.They(go)tobed.Thereisnolightinhisroom.(go)out?We(take)ataxi,asitwasveryneartothestation.other/another/theother/others/theothersSomearesinging,somearedancing,areclimbingthehill.WestudyChinese,English,Physicsandsubjects.I'llcomeagainsomeday.Shehastwochildren.Oneisaboy,andisagirl.Therearesixpeopleintheroom.Fouraregirls,andtwoareboys.Ididn'tlikethispen.Pleaseshowme.Therearesixthstudentsintheclassroom.Thirtyaregirls,andareboys.noise/voice/soundTheboyshoutedatthetopofhis.Theoftraffickepthimawake.Therewasaoffootstepsoutsidethehall.possible,probable,likelyThecauseofhisfailurewasthathehadbeentootired.WithEnglandleading3-0,Englandarethewinners.AlexanderBellmadeitforustodaytocommunicatewitheachotheronthephone.Itis,thoughnotthathewillcometomorrow.Sheisverytoringmetonight.=Itisverythatshewillringmetonight.=Itismuchthatshewillringmetonight.You'dbetterhurrytothestationasfastas.spend,take,cost,payYou'llhavetometendollarsaweekforyourmeals.Paintingthepicturemeallweek.Makingexperimentslikethismuchtimeandlabor.EverymorninghehalfanhouronEnglishlistening.Hethetaxiandhurriedtothestation.Herirresponsiblebehaviorherfathermanysleeplessnights.Ityou12poundstogotoLondonbyship.Itmetenminutestogotothepostoffice.taketheplaceof,takeone'splace,takeplaceTheaccidentafterthetrafficlightturnedred.Sinceeveryoneishere,let'sstartourmeeting.Now,,please.Tractorshavenowhorsesandcowsinmostvillages.Mr.Greenisill.AndI'vecometo.position/condition/situation/state(1)Areyouinagoodofhealth？(2)Heaskedforthatinthecompanybutwasturneddown.(3)Howaboutthelivingofthefarmershere？4.Inthisyoumustkeepcalm.possible/likely/possibly/maybe(1)Heistocomebutrmnotcertain，ItisthathewillcomebutI'mnotcertain.Hecan'ttellthetruth.hedoesn'tmeanwhathesaid.price/value/cost/expense(1)I'msurethemapwillbeofgreattoyourjourney.(2)Inordertocovertheheworkeddayandnight.(3)Thesemachinesareallmadeatahigh(4)Althoughhissoundsreasonable，Iwon'ttakeit.putaway/puton/putoff/putdown(1)Thesportsmeetwillbeuntilnextweek.(2)Therebellionwasnotuntil1946.(3)Youshouldthesebooksafteryoureadthem.（4）theseclothesoryouwillcatchacold.quality/quantity/character/personality（1）Alargeofwaterislostforthisreason.（2）Whenwillyouhaveatest？（3）Inmyopinion，honestyisagood.（4）TherearemanyChinese.47.question/problem/doubt'/wonder（1）NohementionedAlicemanytimes.Shewashissister.（2）IhavenothatIwillmakeafortunesomeday.（3）ItisoutofthatIwillmakeafortunesomeday.（4）Themathsisbeyondme.IamafraidIcan'tworkitoutonmyown.48.raise/rise/lift/feed（1）Hehisvoiceinordertomakehimselfheardbyothers.（2）Thesunintheeastandsetsinthewest.（3）Mary，youthechickenstoday.（4）Theboxistooheavyformeto.49.rapid/fast/quick/soon（1）BobcanrunsothatIcan'tcatchupwithhim.（2）__progresshasbeenmadeinhisstudy.（3）Iamsurethathewillcheerup.（4）Adecisionshouldbemadesincethesituationissourgent.50.rather/fairly/quite/well1)Tomis__aheadofmeinPhysics.2)It's__easytoworkouttheproblem.3)It's___difficulttoworkouttheproblem.4)It's___impossibletoreturntotheolddaysreach/arrive/get/touch（1）Iforthebananahangingontheceiling.（2）Heisexpectedtohaveatthetrainstationbutsofarhestillhasn'tturnedup.（3）Whenwetothetrainstationthetrainhadalreadyleft.（4）Iwasgreatlybytheboy'sstory.referto/lookup/searchfor/talkabout（1）Pleasethenewwordinthedictionary.（2）Pleasethedictionaryinordertofindthemeaningofthenewword.（3）Thepolicearethemissingboy.（4）Wethepeopleandthingsthatweremembered.remain/last/continue/leave（1）Thedoorwasopenaftertheyleft.（2）Althoughhebecamerich，hislifesimple.（3）HowlongdidtheAmericanCivilWar？（4）Afterashortbreakthevoiceofthespokesman.remind/recall/remember/regret（1）Thesongmeofmychildhood.（2）Pleasemetoyourparents.（3）Thecompanydecidedtofaultycars.（4）ImydecisiontostudyRussianbutnowitistoolate.replace/instead/insteadof/exchange（1）smilinghemadeaface.（2）Hedidn'tsmile，hemadeaface.（3）OnChristmastheyusuallypresentswitheachother.（4）Unsatisfiedwiththeradio，Iwanttoitwithanotherone.roblsteal/cheat/lie（1）Thestudentwascaughtintheexam.（2）Theymeofmydiamondnecklaceyesterdaymorning.（3）Don'ttoyourteachers.（4）Thethiefwascaughtmoneyinthebank.scene/sight/view/look（1）Theyrushedtotheofthetrafficaccident.（2）Standingonthetopofthebuildingyouwillhaveagoodofthewholecity.（3）Hestoodthereevenafterthetrainwasoutof.（4）TheoldGreatWallhastakenonanew.save/spend/spare/share1)Don'tplaywiththetoysallbyyourself.Youmustlearnto______withothers.2)Inorderto_timeItookashortcut.3)Willyouplease_mesometimeforachat？4)Alotoftimeis_chattingwithhim.sendup/sendfor/sendout/sendoff(1)Nextweekanewman-madesatellitewillbe.(2)Whatalotofinvitationsto!DoctorWanghasbeen.Waitaminute.Weshouldalltheseparcelsbynoon.senousIanxious/curious/nervous(1)It'sbadmannerstobeaboutothers'secretS.(2)Performingonthestageforthefirsttime，hefeltabitDon'ttakewhathesaid.Heisonlyjoking.Theparentsareabouttheirchildren'ssafety.答案與簡(jiǎn)析alive1.(1)lively(2)live(3)live(4)alive(5)alive/living(6)alive(7)living(8)living四個(gè)詞都是形容詞，都與“活著”有關(guān)。alive通常用做表語(yǔ)，既可指人，也可指物，此時(shí)可與living互換。但作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用時(shí)，只能用alive，而不能用living。alive有時(shí)也用做定語(yǔ)形容詞，此時(shí)只能后置。live[laiv]用做定語(yǔ)形容詞，意思是“實(shí)況（播送）的，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)（直播）的”，或“活的”。一般修飾物。lively主要用做前置定語(yǔ)，修飾人或物，也可做表語(yǔ)。“定冠詞the+living”表示“活著的人”。lively「laivli]意為“活潑的，活躍的，充滿生氣的”，用做表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)，可修飾人或物。（1）That'sright.（2）That'sallright.（3）Allright.（4）allright.這三句話（短語(yǔ)）往往用于口語(yǔ)中?！癆llright”表示同意對(duì)方的看法或意見(jiàn)?！癟hat'sallright”用于對(duì)方向你致謝或道歉時(shí)的用語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于,不用謝，不客氣，沒(méi)關(guān)系，。它往往等同于Notatall./Don'tmentionit.等。That'sright.中的right=true,right，表示肯定對(duì)方所說(shuō)的話是對(duì)的。allright用于句中時(shí)，意思比較靈活。（1）alone,lonely（2）alone（3）alone（4）alone（5）lonely（6）alone（7）alone（8）loneliestlonely是形容詞，有表語(yǔ)和前置定語(yǔ)用法。做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為，孤獨(dú)的”，“寂寞的”，帶有濃厚的感情色彩，表示主觀上渴望有伴。做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往表示'地方”，有“人跡罕至的、荒涼的、偏僻的”之意。alone有形容詞和副詞用法，表示“無(wú)伴”，“孤單”，相當(dāng)于withoutanycompanions，但它不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否“寂寞"。或表示“獨(dú)自一人"、“獨(dú)立地"，相當(dāng)于withoutthehelpofothers。alone還可用做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)let（leave）sth.alone意為“不去理會(huì)，不要去管"；letalone意為“更不用說(shuō)”。（1）affected（2）effectaffect是及物動(dòng)詞，發(fā)音為9'fekt]；effect是名詞，發(fā)音為[i'fekt],通常用于havea（n）...effecton...這一短語(yǔ)中。(1)only(2)alone(3)single(4)only/alone(5)single三者都可以用做形容詞，表示“僅一”，“單一”，“唯一”的意思。定語(yǔ)用法時(shí)，only為前置定語(yǔ)；alone為后置定語(yǔ)；single一般和a連用，在否定句中，表示“連一個(gè)也不(沒(méi))”。only還可以和the連用，表示“唯一的”，“最好的”，“最合適的”。only和alone還有副詞用法。(1)yet(2)still(3)yet/already(4)still(5)alreadyalready作“已經(jīng)”解，通常用于肯定句；yet通常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。在疑問(wèn)句中，作“已經(jīng)”解；在否定句中，作還”，“尚”解。still表示“仍然”，“仍舊”的意思，說(shuō)明某種情況和過(guò)去一樣地繼續(xù)著，可以用于肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。already用于疑問(wèn)句中，常常表示問(wèn)話人對(duì)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的開(kāi)始或完成得比預(yù)想的要快、早而表示驚異。(1)too(2)also(3)too(4)either(5)too/aswell(6)tooalso用于肯定句，常常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，或行為動(dòng)詞之前otoo也用于肯定句，比also更加通俗。可以和also,aswell通用，可位于句中和句末。它可以用逗號(hào)將其與句子的其它成分隔開(kāi)，單獨(dú)使用。aswell在口語(yǔ)中使用較多，用法和too一樣，可以互換。常常位于句末。either用于否定句，只能位于句末。在含有責(zé)備、抱怨或規(guī)勸之類的句中，或者是在表示建議、邀請(qǐng)的句中，若句子本身是以否定句的形式表達(dá)肯定的意義時(shí),用副詞too，而不用stillo(1)replied(2)answer(3)replied/answered(4)replied/answeredansweranswer可以用做及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞，是一般用語(yǔ)。reply是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面常常接介詞to,再接賓語(yǔ)。它表示經(jīng)過(guò)考慮，有針對(duì)性地、詳細(xì)地回答°reply也可以用做及物動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)它的賓語(yǔ)必須是直接引語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)從句。answer還有“應(yīng)答”之類的含義。（1）anyone（2）anyone（3）anyoneanyone用做代詞，只能指人，相當(dāng)于anybody。anyone是一個(gè)詞組，既可指人，也可指物，意為“任何一人”或“任何一物”。它后面常接介詞of。（1）to（2）to,for（3）to,forapologize是不及物動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于sayapology。表示“向某人道歉”時(shí)，不能說(shuō)apologizesb.，而要說(shuō)apologizetosb.；表示“因?yàn)槟呈露蚰橙说狼浮睍r(shí)，要說(shuō)apologizetosb.forsth.；表示“代替某人向某人道歉"時(shí)，應(yīng)該說(shuō)apologizetosb.forsb.。（1）inall（2）afterall（3）atall（4）atall（5）aboveall（6）atall/afterall（7）afterall/atallinall意思是“總共”，“總計(jì)”。aboveall表示“最重要的是”，“尤其”之意。atall常常用于否定句，表示“根本不”，“一點(diǎn)也不”。Notatall是用于回答對(duì)方感謝時(shí)的客套話。atall用于肯定句中時(shí)，起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，表示“突然”、“到底”。此時(shí)可以用afterall代替。afterall還有提醒對(duì)方注意的含義，相當(dāng)于“別忘了”，“畢竟”。（1）Themoment（2）atanymoment（3）inamoment（4）inthemoment（5）foramoment（6）atthemoment（7）forthemomentatanymoment意為“隨時(shí)"，“任何時(shí)候"，與atanytime或atalltimes同義；atthemoment表示“此刻”，“目前”或“那時(shí)”，“當(dāng)時(shí)”?？捎糜谝话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)；foramoment：片刻，一會(huì)兒，相當(dāng)于forawhile；forthemoment:暫時(shí)，一時(shí)；inamoment表示現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去的動(dòng)作即將發(fā)生的時(shí)間，意為“馬上"，“很快”。inthemomentof...：在的關(guān)頭，相當(dāng)于intimeof...；themoment（that）用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一就"，相當(dāng)于assoonas。

13.(113.(1)atthesametime(2)atatime(3)atonetime(4)Atnotime（5）Attimes（6）atalltimesattimes=sometimes：有時(shí)，間或；atalltimes=always：隨時(shí)，無(wú)論什么時(shí)候；atonetime=once,foraperiodoftimeinthepast：從前，曾經(jīng)；atatime=eachtime：一次，每次；atnotime：在任何時(shí)候都不，決不；atthesametime:同時(shí)。（1）to（2）for（3）atbegoodat：擅長(zhǎng)。begoodto（sb.）：kind，好心的，仁慈的。begoodfor（sb./sth.）:有益的，有益健康的。（1）defeated（2）win（3）beat/defeated（4）gain（5）gained/wonbeat和defeat同義。它們的賓語(yǔ)必須是人或一個(gè)集體，如ateam,aclass,aschool,anarmy等。defeat常表示在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中勝過(guò)對(duì)方；beat常用于游戲、比賽等場(chǎng)合。win和gain同義。gain表示獲得需要之物，它的賓語(yǔ)常為one'sliving,strength,experience,time,knowledge,attention,respect,admiration等；win表示在較強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取得了勝利，它的賓語(yǔ)常用game,war,prize,fame,battle等。（1）Beforelong（2）longbefore（3）beforelong（4）longbefore（5）longbeforebeforelong:不久以后（afterashortperiodoftimeorsoon）。其中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)時(shí)態(tài)。longbefore:好久以前（alongtimeago）。其中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或完成時(shí)態(tài)。另外，longbefore也可單獨(dú)使用。其中l(wèi)ong是形容詞或副詞，before是連詞。這個(gè)詞組表示“在……之前很久”。17.(1)17.(1)taken(2)bring(3)carrying(4)fetchcarry的意思是“攜帶”，“搬運(yùn)”。將人或物從一處帶到另一處。攜帶的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱或抬等。carry不說(shuō)明帶的方向性。bring:帶來(lái)、拿來(lái)。它強(qiáng)調(diào)方向性，即從別處拿到說(shuō)話者這兒來(lái)，不強(qiáng)調(diào)帶的方式，后可以接雙賓語(yǔ)。take：帶走，即從說(shuō)話人這兒帶到別處去。fetch表示到別處把某人找到并帶來(lái)，或把某物找到并取來(lái)。后可接雙賓語(yǔ)。(1)on/over(2)by(3)through(4)on(5)on表示“通過(guò)無(wú)線電”，用byradio或on/overtheradio；通過(guò)衛(wèi)星收發(fā)節(jié)目，用介詞through；通過(guò)電視看，用介詞on；通過(guò)電話交談，該說(shuō)onthetelephoneo(1)foryourself(2)byourselves/forourselves(3)ofitselfforoneself意為“為自己"或“獨(dú)立地”。在表示“獨(dú)立地，親自地"時(shí)，可以和byoneself互換。ofoneself意為“自動(dòng)地”，“自然而然地”。(1)inaway(2)inhisway(3)Onthe/hisway(4)Bytheway(5)Inaway(6)onthewaybytheway：順便問(wèn)問(wèn)，順便說(shuō)說(shuō)；inaway：(1)在某種程度上，在某種意義上，在某點(diǎn)上;(2)后接定語(yǔ)從句，表示“以方式”；inthe(one's)way：擋路的，妨礙人的；onone's/theway:(1)在路上，在的途中，后面常接介詞to或副詞；(2)onone'swayto+doing的意思是“即將”，“就要”。(1)takecareof(2)carefor(3)careabout(4)careforcareabout意為“計(jì)較，在乎"，一般用于否定句。carefor意為“關(guān)心，喜歡，想要”，多用于肯定句或疑問(wèn)句。takecareof意為“照料”，相當(dāng)于lookafter。22.(122.(1)reasons(2)cause(3)excusecause（原因），指造成某一事實(shí)或現(xiàn)象或產(chǎn)生某種結(jié)果的直接原因，常和effect連用，表示原因和結(jié)果。reason（理由），用來(lái)解釋某種現(xiàn)象或結(jié)果，或?qū)κ挛锏钠鹨?、行為的意圖等給予合情合理的邏輯解釋，而不是簡(jiǎn)單直接地說(shuō)明起因。excuse指為避免受指責(zé)或推卸責(zé)任而找“借口”。（1）wiping（2）wiped（3）clean（4）sweeping三者都有把污垢、雜亂或有害的東西清除掉的意思。clean用于各種方式的“打掃干凈”，用得比較廣泛；sweep指用掃把掃除地板上的塵土或臟物；wipe指用抹布、手或紙等進(jìn)行拭擦。（1）Custom（2）habit（3）customcustom指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)風(fēng)俗、習(xí)俗。也可以指生活習(xí)慣，后接不定式做后置定語(yǔ)。habit指生活習(xí)慣、習(xí)慣成自然。它后接ofdoingsth.做后置定語(yǔ)，不可接不定式。（1）demand（2）request（3）required（4）requested/required（5）demanded（6）required/requires三者都有“要求”之意。它們后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。demand表示“堅(jiān)決要求”或“迫切要求”；request意思是“懇求、請(qǐng)求”，指通過(guò)正式手段提出要求，口氣較緩，態(tài)度禮貌；require指按照規(guī)定、法規(guī)或權(quán)利等提出的要求或命令。當(dāng)它表示"需要”之意時(shí)，后接不定式的被動(dòng)式或動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式。我們可以用request/requiresb.todosth.或demand/requireofsb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)。（1）state（2）country（3）land（4）nation這四個(gè)詞都有“國(guó)家"的意思，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。country側(cè)重“版圖、疆域”；nation側(cè)重“人民、國(guó)民，民族”；state側(cè)重“政體、政權(quán)”，意思是“國(guó)家、政府”；land側(cè)重“國(guó)土、國(guó)家”,帶有感情色彩，多用于文學(xué)作品中。(1)hason(2)puton(3)wearing(4)dressed(5)indress(7)in(8)dressed(9)withhaveon,wear,in和with表“穿、戴"的狀態(tài)，puton表動(dòng)作，dress既可表動(dòng)作，又可表狀^態(tài)。dress用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，它的賓語(yǔ)是，人”，不接“衣服”，表示“給某人穿衣服”；用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示，穿好衣服”。dress的過(guò)去分詞dressed通常表示“穿著的狀況”或“某人在某種場(chǎng)合穿著什么衣服”。haveon：穿著、戴著衣服、帽子、鞋子等，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。wear的賓語(yǔ)是衣服、鞋子、帽子、手套、眼鏡、首飾、花朵、劍以及徽章等，可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。puton：穿上、戴上，表動(dòng)作，其反義詞是takeoff。in后接衣服或顏色，可作后置定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。with只能與衣服、手套之類的名詞搭配，不接衣服，而且只能做定語(yǔ)。(1)more/else(2)more(3)another(4)another(5)otherelse和other的區(qū)別主要在于：else常常用在疑問(wèn)代詞、疑問(wèn)副詞和不定代詞之后，用做后置定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，而other只能用在名詞前做定語(yǔ)。more,other和another在表示“附加的”、“另外的”的意思時(shí)，它們主要的區(qū)別在于：more可以放在疑問(wèn)代詞和不定代詞后，如whatmore,nothingmore等。more和other都可以放在基數(shù)詞和量詞之后，名詞之前，但other只能修飾可數(shù)名詞，而more還可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。another放在基數(shù)詞或量詞之前，再修飾名詞。(1)Excuseme(2)Pardon(Ibegyourpardon)(3)Sorry(Iamsorry)(4)Excuseme(Ibegyour)pardon用于沒(méi)聽(tīng)清楚對(duì)方的話，希望對(duì)方再重復(fù)一遍。(Iam)sorry表示我們做了錯(cuò)事之后表達(dá)歉意。當(dāng)我們要說(shuō)的話、要做的事可能引起對(duì)方不便或打擾對(duì)方時(shí)，或者我們要引起對(duì)方注意時(shí)，事先要說(shuō)Excuseme.30.(1)rather(2)30.(1)rather(2)rather/quite(5)quite(6)quite這是一組表示程度的副詞。rather一詞可以和形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)及too連用。quite僅可用于better前，表示“身體完全好了”。quite和fairly既可以位于冠詞前，也可以置于冠詞之后，但rather只能置于冠詞之后。quite和rather可以修飾動(dòng)詞。quite還可以修飾“沒(méi)有程度差別”的形容詞，如perfect,impossible,dead等。(1)quickly(2)faster,faster(3)quickly,Soonquickly側(cè)重指某事完成或發(fā)生得快，總共延續(xù)的時(shí)間很短。它常常指人的思維快，反應(yīng)速度快或動(dòng)作敏捷。fast側(cè)重指人或事物具有運(yùn)動(dòng)速度快的特點(diǎn)。soon側(cè)重指兩件事情的先后發(fā)生，中間的時(shí)間間隔很短。(1)faults(2)mistake(3)fault(4)mistake(5)faultfault多指性格上的弱點(diǎn)，行為上的過(guò)失。強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)過(guò)失應(yīng)付一定的責(zé)任。mistake意為“錯(cuò)誤，誤會(huì)，誤解，搞錯(cuò)了”。指缺乏正確理解造成行動(dòng)上、認(rèn)識(shí)上的錯(cuò)誤。另外，應(yīng)注意一些習(xí)慣用法。bymistake:弄錯(cuò)了；Thisismyfault:是我的過(guò)錯(cuò)；findfaultwithsb./sth.：找岔子,挑毛病。(1)fit(2)suitfit指大小、尺寸合乎某人的身體；suit指顏色、花樣或款式等合乎某人(或某人的身份)。(1)suchas/like(2)forexample(3)forexample(4)suchas/like(5)Forexample(6)Such...asforexample用來(lái)列舉同類人或事物中的“一個(gè)”事例，表明某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或說(shuō)明某個(gè)問(wèn)題。單獨(dú)用做插入語(yǔ)，可以放置在句首、句中或句末。suchas用來(lái)列舉同類人或事物中的“幾個(gè)”(一部分)，可以和like互用。但suchas可以分開(kāi)來(lái)使用，如suchreferencebooksasdictionariesandhandbooks.(1)left(2)forgot(3)left...forgetleave指“把東西遺留在什么地方”、“遺留”，它的后面必須接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；forget表示“忘記”某人、某事，后面不能接地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。(1)shouldnot/oughtnottohavegoneshouldhavearrivedmusthavefinishedcan'thavegoneCanhehavegoneneedn'thavetaken“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone"結(jié)構(gòu)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生行為的語(yǔ)氣判斷。musthavedone表示推測(cè)，意思是“肯定"，“準(zhǔn)是”，用于肯定句。can/couldhavedone用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句，表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生行為的懷疑或不肯定，意思是“可能嗎？”或“不可能”。should/oughttohavedone表示過(guò)去該做的事，而實(shí)際上未做。意思是“本應(yīng)該”，常常含有“責(zé)備"，“不贊成”的口氣。其否定式表示過(guò)去不應(yīng)該發(fā)生的事，卻發(fā)生了。意思是“本不應(yīng)該”。這種結(jié)構(gòu)還可表示“可能"，“推斷”。常常譯成“該已"，“可能已經(jīng)”。needn'thavedone表示本來(lái)不必要做某事，而實(shí)際上已經(jīng)做了。(1)others(2)other(3)other(4)theother(5)theother(6)another(7)theothersother做前置定語(yǔ)，修飾單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞；another泛指三者以上的不定數(shù)目中的“另一個(gè)”;theother表示兩者中的“另一個(gè)”或兩部分中的“另一部分”，是特指；others用作代詞，泛指“其他人”或“其他物”；theothers指整體中除去一部分，剩余的全部，是特指。（1）voice（2）noise（3）soundsound指任何可以用耳朵聽(tīng)到的聲音；voice指人的說(shuō)話聲、歌聲或笑聲；noise指各種“噪音”或“吵鬧聲”。（1）possible/probable（2）probable（3）possible（4）possible/probable（5）likely,likely,possible/probable（6）possible三者都可以表示“可能”。possible指客觀上有可能，但往往含有希望很小的意味；probable比possible的可能性大，表示“很可能”、“大概”，指有實(shí)際依據(jù)或在邏輯上合情合理；likely是從外表跡象判斷，有可能發(fā)生某事。possible不能用人作主語(yǔ)，也不能與人構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。常常用于句型：Itispossibletodo...;Itispossibleforsb.todo...;或Itispossiblethat....等句型。但possible可以和物構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，特別常見(jiàn)于it做形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。另外，我們常見(jiàn)到短語(yǔ)asfast/quickly/high/bable也不能用人作主語(yǔ)，不能和人或物構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，只能用在句型Itisprobablethat...。likely作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的主語(yǔ)可以是人，也可以是物。它也可以用于句型Itislikelythat...中。（1）pay（2）took（3）costs/cost（4）spends（5）paid（6）cost（7）costs（8）tookspend和pay的主語(yǔ)必須是人；cost和take的主語(yǔ)不能是人。spend的賓語(yǔ)可以是錢(qián)、精力或時(shí)間等，其后用介詞on+名詞或用介詞in（可省去）+動(dòng)名詞形式，千萬(wàn)不能接不定式。pay作為及物動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)可以是“人”、“錢(qián)”。payfor表示支付的原因。cost的主語(yǔ)是“物”或“事”，表示“費(fèi)用”、“耗費(fèi)”，后接money,time等，側(cè)重“花費(fèi)”的代價(jià)。cost后不能與具體的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度連用，只能與表示抽象概念的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用，如sometime,muchtime等。cost的賓語(yǔ)還可以是health,life等，表示“使付出代價(jià)，或做出某種犧牲”。take表示“花費(fèi)”時(shí)，主語(yǔ)一般是"一件事”，常常用于句型Ittook（takes,willtake）（sb.）sometimetodo...。（1）tookplace（2）takeyourplaces（3）taketheplaceof（4）takehisplacetaketheplaceofsb./sth.：代替某人（某物）；takeone'splace：①代替某人的職務(wù)，②就坐；takeplace：發(fā)生，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。（1）state（2）position（3）conditions（4）situationstate表示“狀態(tài)”；condition表示“條件”：position可表示“方位；職位”；situation表示“形勢(shì)；處境”。（1）1ikely（2）possible／likely（3）possibly（4）Maybelikelytodo意為“可能會(huì)做（某事）”；it'spossible／likelythat意為“可能會(huì)..”；possibly為副詞，可以與can't連用，表示“絕不可能”；m