高考英語(yǔ)特殊句式

高考英語(yǔ)特殊句式2012,11，28一?強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：“Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that/who+原句其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分為“人”時(shí)用who/that，否則都用that。注意：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分不能是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。ItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.It'smewhoheblamed.Itwaswhatyoudidthatmademesatisfied.ItisIwho/thataminchargeofthefactory.【考點(diǎn)一】考查not...until結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis/wasnotuntil+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that+其他部分。ItwehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeksIfoundwehadalotincommon.A.wasuntil;whenB.wasuntil;thatC.wasn'tuntil;whenD.wasn'tuntil;that【考點(diǎn)二】考查復(fù)合句中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型Wasit___hewasseriouslyillthathedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday?hecamebackhomethatweknewwhathadhappened.A.WhenitwasB.ItwaswhenC.WasitwhenD.Whenwas【考點(diǎn)三】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)是：疑問詞+is/was+it+that+其他部分，但這類句型如出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞+it+is/was+that+其他部分。WherewasitthatyoumettheFrenchman?electricityplaysanimportantpartinourdailylife?A.WhywasitthatB.WhyisitthatC.WhyisitD.Whyitisthat【難點(diǎn)一】正確判斷強(qiáng)調(diào)句型用一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~完成下列句子，使之完整、正確。Itwastheschoolgate___Imetanoldfriendofmineafterclass.Wasitinthispalacethelastemperordied?【難點(diǎn)二】強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與Itis/was+時(shí)間+when/before從句；Itbe+時(shí)間+sinee從句；Itbelong...before...等句型的區(qū)別。ItwasatmidnightIgotbackhomeyesterday■②ItwasmidnightIgotbackhomeyesterdayItistwoyears___IbegantolearnEnglish.④Itmaybemanyyearsthesituationimproves.二.倒裝定義：為了強(qiáng)調(diào)、突出等目的而顛倒原有語(yǔ)序的句式叫做倒裝句，顛倒了的成分可以恢復(fù)原位而句意基本不變，句法成分不變。倒裝句分為三種：完全倒裝：指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。1)Upwenttherocketintotheair.2)Suchwouldbeourhomeinthefuture.3)Ontopofthehillstandsatalltree.4)Herecomesthebus.部分倒裝：指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do,does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。1)Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.2)NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.3)Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled形式倒裝：在語(yǔ)法上又被稱為前置。它的特點(diǎn)是，只把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提置句首，主謂并不倒裝。1)Whataninterestingtalktheyhad!2)ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.3)Whateverreasonsyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.【考點(diǎn)一】部分倒裝(1)句首狀語(yǔ)為否定詞(組)或半否定詞(組)的句子。這類詞或短語(yǔ)主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,notonly,innoway,atnotime,few,not,no等。LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.(2)only+狀語(yǔ)放在句首，要部分倒裝。注意，only修飾主語(yǔ)不倒裝。Onlybythismeansisitpossibletoexplainit.⑶so/such…that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首。Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.“neither/nor＋助動(dòng)詞／系動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”表示“某人或某事亦非如此”；“so+助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”表示〃某人或某事亦是如此”。注意：①當(dāng)陳述部分既有肯定又有否定或者謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又有助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用下面兩個(gè)句型：Itisthesamewith...或Soitiswith...。Eg：Jackisastudentandhestudieshard.ItisthesamewithTom.②“S0+主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞/系動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”表示“某人或某事確實(shí)如此”?！狪remindedyounottoforgettheappointment.—Soyoudid.if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句含有were,had，should時(shí),可省略if,再把were,should或had移到從句句首。Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。Mayyousucceed!【考點(diǎn)二】完全倒裝Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)。另外，在此結(jié)構(gòu)中可以用來代替be動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞有：exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。Thereexistdifferentopinionsonthisquestion.“Here/There/Now/Then+come(或be等)+主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。①本句型中there是副詞，應(yīng)重讀，強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)。而Therebe句型中there本身沒意義。Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.Therecomesthebus.②此句型中的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞。如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，就不用倒裝。Thereshecomes.(3)表示方向的副詞out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用全部倒裝。但主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)用部分倒裝IncameMrWhite.Awaywenttheboy.Outshewent.表示地點(diǎn)的介詞短語(yǔ)(如:onthewall,underthetree,infrontofthehouse等)放在句首時(shí)要全部倒裝。Onthetopofthehillstandsapinetree.Theyarrivedatahouse,infrontofwhichsatanoldman.用于某些表示祝愿的句子里。LonglivethePeople'sRepublicofChina!其他形式的完全倒裝。PresentatthemeetingwasMr.Green,aheadmaster.Eastofthecityliesanewrailway.Firsttobecompletedwastheseven-storeyteachingbuilding.Gonearethedayswhenmyheartwasyoungandgay.Lyingonthefloorwasaboyaged15.三．省略省略句是英語(yǔ)的一種習(xí)慣用法。按照語(yǔ)法的分析，句子應(yīng)該具備的成分，有時(shí)出于修辭上的需要，。其特點(diǎn)是：雖在句中并不出現(xiàn)，這種句子叫做省略句，這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象稱為“省略”然省去句子語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造所需要的組成部分，但仍能表達(dá)其完整的意義。省略形式多樣，從單詞、短語(yǔ)到分句，都可以省略，而且各有一定的銜接關(guān)系，不容臆斷。。其特點(diǎn)是：雖【考點(diǎn)一】考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略在以when,while,if,asif,though(although),as,whether,once,whenever等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若從句的主語(yǔ)是it或與主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且在謂語(yǔ)中含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，常省略從句的主語(yǔ)和be,引導(dǎo)詞后直接跟不定式、分詞、形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等。Lookoutforcarswhen(youare)crossingthestreet.While(Iwas)walkingalongthestreet,Iheardmynamecalled.Helookedeverywhereasif(hewas)insearchofsomething.Unless(itis)necessary,you'dbetternotrefertothedictionary.【考點(diǎn)二】不定式符號(hào)to的省略感官實(shí)義動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch等和使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let等后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),省略不定式to；donothingbut,can't(help/choose)but等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略to的不定式；在口語(yǔ)中,為了避免重復(fù),不定式可以省去和句子前部重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞原形而只保留不定式符號(hào)to。但to后如有be,have則保留。Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.Sandycoulddonothingbutadmittohisteacherthathewaswrong.Myparentsencouragedmetogotocollege,butIdidn'twant.—Areyouasailor?—No,butIused__.【考點(diǎn)三】替代詞so/not的省略用于避免重復(fù)前面說過的內(nèi)容,替代詞so/not代替肯定或否定的內(nèi)容?？膳cbelieve,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I'mafraid,if等連用。否定時(shí)hope與guess只用Ihopenot和Iguessnot形式,而think,believe,suppose等其他詞可有兩種否定形式,即：Ithinknot或Idon'tthinkso?！猈illyoubeabletofinishyourreporttoday?—Ihopeso.—Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?——Iguessnot.四．反義疑問句反義疑問句即附加疑問句,是對(duì)陳述句所表示的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問的句子。反義疑問句由兩部分組成：前肯后否,前否后肯。兩部分的人稱時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。祈使句的反義疑問句用willyou表示“請(qǐng)求”，或用wontyou表示提醒對(duì)方注意；在否定的祈使句后,只能用willyou。Lookattheblackboard,willyou/won'tyou?Let's引導(dǎo)的祈使句表示〃建議”時(shí)，反意疑問句部分用shallwe。Let'sgohome,shallwe/shan'tweL/metamyIe?/ushaveatry,willyou/won'tyou?Don'tforget,willyou?感嘆句用be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式Whatfineweather,isn'tit?主語(yǔ)是不定代詞one時(shí)，主語(yǔ)可以用one，也可用he(美式英語(yǔ))Oneshouldbereadytohelpothers,shouldn'tone?含有否定詞：few,little,seldom,ha-rdly,not,no,noone,nobody,nothing,none,neither等反意疑問句部分用肯定Heisneverlateforschool,ishe?Hehardlyknowsanythingaboutcomputer,doeshe?含的否定詞是通過加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成，反意疑問句部分用否定結(jié)構(gòu)Itisunfair,isn'tit?主從復(fù)合句根據(jù)主句的謂語(yǔ)而定；若主從復(fù)合句為含Ithink/believe/suppose...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，與從句的主、謂語(yǔ)保持一致。TheyagreedthattheUnitedStatesshouldn'tmakeawaronIraq,didn'tthey?Idon'tthinkhewillcome,willhe?Isuppose（that）heisserious,isn'the?并列句謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語(yǔ)而定Iwon'tgothere,buthewillgoinstead,won'the?therebe句型用thereTherewasahospitalhere,wasn'tthere?含有hadbetter用hadn'tWehadbettergothereatonce,hadn'twe?11.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must，must表示“必須”，反意疑問句部分為mustn't...?/needn't...?must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，反意疑問句部分與must后面的動(dòng)詞呼應(yīng)。Wemustn'tbelate,mustwe?Youmustgohomenow,needn'tyou?/mustn'tyou?Tommustbeathomenow，isn'the?含usedto表示"過去常?！?，didn't+主語(yǔ)或usedn't+主語(yǔ)HeusedtoliveinChina,usedn't/didn'the?wouldrather/liketo+v.wouldn't+主語(yǔ)Hewouldratherstayathome,wouldn'the?五．Therebe句型Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)主要用以表達(dá)“某處（某時(shí)）有某人（某物）”，其基本句型為“Therebe+某物或某人+某地或某時(shí)”,其中there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒有詞義；be是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；“某人或某物”是句子的主語(yǔ);“某地或某時(shí)”作句子的狀語(yǔ),多為介詞短語(yǔ)?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)：Thereisaflowerinthebottle.Therearefourchairsandasmallbedintheroom.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：1.在正式文體中，某些表示存在、發(fā)生、出現(xiàn)、坐落等意義的不及物動(dòng)詞也可以與there連用，如：appear,seem,come,remain,exist,live,stand,lie,arise等。Thereexistmanyancienttemplesinthecountry.Thereliesasmallvillageinthemountain.Thereremainsnothingmoretobedone.TherefollowedtheFirstWorldWar.Thereflashedthroughhismindtheimageofaheroicfighter.there+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be表示“預(yù)見”、“可能”、“必然”或“過去習(xí)慣存在”等。Theremightbesomedessertsifyouwaitabit.Thereoughttohavebeensomeoneondutyallthetime.theretobe或there+being形式，稱為非限定存在句，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、介詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，狀Weexpecttheretobenoobjections.Therebeingnobuses，wehadtowalkhome.【考點(diǎn)一】Therebe句型的主謂一致當(dāng)Therebe后面的名詞是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上時(shí)，Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的be動(dòng)詞要遵循“就近一致”原則，即和緊隨其后的名詞在人稱和數(shù)上