2023學(xué)年完整版定語從句

TheAttributiveClause定語從句:

由關(guān)系代詞____________________________或關(guān)系副詞________________引導(dǎo)的句子用來修飾主句中的某一個名詞或代詞的從句,起著定語的作用.定語從句所修飾的詞叫做________;定語從句跟在先行詞的后面.構(gòu)成方式:____________________________.關(guān)系代詞或副詞的三重功能:連接主從句;指代先行詞;在從句中作句子成分.that,which,who,whom,whosewhere,when,why先行詞關(guān)系代詞或副詞＋陳述語序關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞that,

which(先行詞指物時(shí))that,

who先行詞指人時(shí)that(先行詞指“人＋物”時(shí))

when時(shí)間：狀語where地點(diǎn)；狀語why原因；狀語（在從句中做主、賓、表）（在從句中做主、賓、表）（在從句中做主、賓、表）

關(guān)系限定詞whose在從句中限定另一名詞?！溉酥肝镏髡Z賓語that

whichwhowhom關(guān)系代詞的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√×

×

×

×

關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：何時(shí)可以省略？做賓語時(shí)可以省略GrammarFocus:定語從句(連接詞)用法人

(n.)+who+從句物

(n.)+that/which+從句

關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的作用：

a.做代詞，代替先行詞

b.在從句中擔(dān)任句子成分：主語或賓語

c.做連詞，把主句和從句連接起來Ihave

anapple.Anapple

isred.Ihave

anapple修飾先行詞anapplethat

isred.

who/that／which在定語從句中做主語時(shí),謂語動詞的單數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。

e.g.Shewantedherchildrentohaveasensethattherewasbeautyinthefaceofadversity.2.

Perhapstheneighbor(whom)I’dhelpedcarriedthegroceries.Thetime

whenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.主干句：Thetimewasaverydifficultperiodofme.

when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。

Iwillneverforgettheday_____Ireachedhere.Mandelawastheblacklawyer

to

whomIwentforadvice.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,for

whichIwasgrateful.when介詞+whom/which,不能用thatPara1Theschool

whereIstudiedforonlytowyearswasthreekilometersaway.主干句：Theschoolwasthreekilometersaway.

where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。

關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞Theplace______Jiangjieshionceusedtolivedhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.However,thiswasatime

whenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.Para2where=inwhichTheday

whenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.(Para3)Therewasatime_____adeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.Wehavereachedastage

wherewehavealmostnorightsatall.(Para4)TheUSAisalargecountry_____manydifferentdialectsarespoken=onwhichwhenwhere=inwhichTheycouldnotgetthejobstheywanted.Theycouldnotgetthejobs

(which/that)theywanted.Thepartsoftown

in

whichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.作賓語Para5=where=inwhichTheplaces_____________theyhadtoliveinweredecidedbythewhite.Theplacesin________theyhadtoliveweredecidedbythewhite.(which/that)whichPara6Wewereputintoaposition

in

whichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.先行詞是position,situation,point,case,condition等時(shí)在定語從句中作狀語用關(guān)系副詞where連接.Sometimeswefindasituation______moststudentscanrememberwordsandexpressionswellbutcan’twriteagoodcomposition.wherewhereWefirstbrokethelawinaway

whichwaspeaceful.Idon’tliketheway

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿

hetalks.Theway

＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿h(yuǎn)ethoughtoftosolvetheproblemwasverygood.作主語that(that/inwhich)作狀語(that/which)作賓語Thereason____hisabsenceisthatheisill.Thereason_____heisabsentisthatheisill.why指原因，在從句中作原因狀語。關(guān)系副詞:

when,where,why(1)when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀語。(2)where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。(3)why的先行詞只有reason，why在從句中作原因狀語。關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞forwhy=forwhich關(guān)系副詞whereThisisthehouse

(which/that)heusedtolivein.Thisisthehouse

inwhich/whereheusedtolive.Iknowofaplace

(which/that)wecanswimin.Iknowofaplace

inwhich/wherewecanswim.試比較：Theplace____________wevisitedyesterdayisaschoolfordisabledchildren.Theplace______Jiangjieshionceusedtolivedhasbecomeaplaceofinterest.(which/that)where/inwhichThey’llneverforgetJuly1_____HongKongreturnedtoitsmotherland.Thedays______weusedforeignoilaregoneforever.關(guān)系副詞whenTherewasatime_____thebusinessmanlostheart.when=onwhichwhen=onwhichwhen試比較：Doyoustillremembertheday___________wespenthappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wespentourholidayhappilytogether?Doyoustillremembertheday______wewenttovisittheSummerPalace?(which/that)whenwhen先行詞是表示原因的名詞，即reason，在定語從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語，用why，這時(shí)一般可以用for＋which來代替:Idon’tknow

thereason

why/forwhich

hedidit.Thereason

why/forwhichhewasfiredwasnotclear.

試比較：Thereason____________heexplainedtotheteacherisnottrue.Thereason___________wasexplainedtotheteacherisnottrue.(which/that)（作賓語）which/that（作主語）Thisisthedate___________we’reproudof.Thisisthedate________________hewasborn.Iwillneverforgetthetime__________wespenttogether.Thisisthefactory_____________mymotherworks.Thisisthefactory__________wevisitedlastweek.(which/that)when/onwhich(which/that)where/inwhich(which/that)practiceIsthistheschool_____________wevisitedyesterday?Isthisschool________________wevisitedyesterday?Isthisschool____________wevisitedyesterdayverymodern?---Thisschool________wevisitedyesterdayisverymodern.Isthislab________________wedidtheexperimentyesterday?---Thislabis_____________wedidtheexperimentyesterday.(which/that)theonewhich/thattheonewhere(which/that)which/thattheonewhereHeisoneofthestudentswho______it.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_______it.(believe)Those_______(want)togotothecinemapleasesignyournamehere.Anyone__________togotothecinemapleasesighyournamehere.believebelieveswhowantwhowants三、as引導(dǎo)定語從句①as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，并在從句中作定語、表語或狀語，構(gòu)成thesame…as,such…as等結(jié)構(gòu)。②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。as在從句中作主語、表語或賓語，這個定語從句是說明整個句子，它可以放在主句之前。四、關(guān)系代詞which和as在定語從句中的區(qū)別：which-從句不能放在句首，而as-從句則能；在句中時(shí)，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which則沒有。egIlikethesamebookasyoudo.(as作賓語)Ishalldoitinthesamewayasyoudid.(as作狀語)Iwanttohavesuchadictionaryashehas.（as作賓語）Asweknow,hestudiesveryhard.(as作賓語)Asisknowntoall,heisthebeststudentinourclass.(as作主語)as,which的比較a.在非限制性定語從句中，均可替代整個主句或句中某個部分，在從句中作主語，賓語，表語．如從句在主句之后，兩者皆可用Theyfailedintheexam,as/whichisnatural.Sheseemsascientist,as/whichinfactsheis.b.如從句在主句之前，用asAsweallknow,hisparentswerekilledinthiswar.Asisknowntoall,theearthtravelsaroundthesun.c.如關(guān)系代詞代表主句全句意思，有＂正如．．．＂＂就象．．．＂之意時(shí)，用asWewonthematch,aswehadexpected.Heagreedtotheplan,aswastobeexpected.正如:Aseveryoneknows,asyoumaystillremember,asyousaid,asIcansee,ashasbeenmentionedabove,asyoumayhaveheard/told/expected.用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用來指待一件事，這時(shí)它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。d.當(dāng)先行項(xiàng)被thesame,such,so修飾時(shí)，用asThisis

thesamebookasyouboughtyesterday.

(同類不同一本書)比較:Thisisthesamebookthatyouboughtyesterday.(同一本書)Don’tbelieveinsuchmenaspraiseyoutoyourface.Inevergivemystudentssodifficultaquestionasnoonecanworkout.比較:Thisissodifficultaquestionthatnoonecanworkitout.（定語從句）（狀語從句）鞏固練習(xí)Multiplechoice:1.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears___Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,__hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who2.WilmabecamethefirstAmericawomantowinthreeOlympicgoldmedalsintrack,___madehermotherveryproud.A.itB.thatC.whichD.this3.Canyoutellmethenameofthefactory__youvisitedlastweek?A.whatB.inthatC./D.when接下一頁BCC4.Idon’tliketheway___youspeaktoher.A./B.whichC.inthatD.ofwhich5.Themostimportantthing__weshouldpayattentiontoisthething___Ihavesaid.A.which;thatB.that;whichC.which;whichD.that;that6.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandpersons___noneofushaseverheardof.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that7.Heneverreadsanything___isnotworthreading.A.whichB.asC.whoD.that8.Ihaveboughtsuchawatch___wasadvertisedonTV.A.thatB.whichC.asD.it接下一頁ADDDC9.___wasexpected,hefailedintheexam.A.ThatB.AsC.WhichD.It10.Icanneverforgettheday___weworkedtogetherandtheday___wespenttogether.A.when;whichB.which;whenC.what;thatD.onwhich;when11.Thechildrenclimbedupthehill,____theypicnicked.A.onitstopB.onthetopofitC.onwhosetopD.onthetopofthat12.Istillremembertheday___Ifirstcametothecollege.A.onwhichB.inwhichC.atwhichD.which13.Theywillneverforgettheday____theygotmarried.A.thatB.whichC,inwhichD.when接下一頁DCAAB14.Hemakesgooduseofthetime___hecanspare.A.whenB.thatC.inthatD.inwhich15.Thefactory___hismotherworksisintheeastofthecity.A.thatB.whichC.onwhichD.where16.Theplace____interestedmemostwastheChildren’sPalace.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich17.Thatisthereason___hewasn’thereyesterday.A.whyB.whichC.onwhichD.inwhich18.Thatisthereason___hecan’tsay.A.whyB.whichC.whatD.inwhichDAABB接下一頁ChoosethebestanswersSheheardaterriblenoise,____broughtherheartintohermouth.(NMET91)A.itB.whichC.thisD.that2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.(92)A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhomBD3.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,____wasmorethanwecouldexpected.(NMET94)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it4.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.(NMET96)A.whereB.whichC.thatD.whenBA5.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.(NMET1999)A.itB.thatC.whenD.which6.Thisistheway_____Iamthinkingoftodoit.A.howB.withwhichC.bywhichD.\DD7.Heinvitedtenfriendstohishome;___areforeigners.A.sixofwhomB.thesixofwhomC.sixofthemD.thesixofthem8.Heinvitedtenfriendstohishome,___areforeigners.A.sixofwhomB.thesixofwhomC.sixofthemD.thesixofthemCA9.Myhometownisnotthesame____itusedtobetenyearsago.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which10.Isthisthefactory____youwork?A.whichB.inthatC.whereD.what11.Isthisthefactory____youvisited?A.whichB.inthatC.whereD.whatBCA12.Isthismuseum____youvisitedlastweek?/B.whichC.theoneD.where13.Isthisthemuseum____youvisitedlastweek?/B.whatC.theoneD.whereCA14._____isknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.It15.____isknowntoallthatTaiwanispartofChina.A.AsB.WhichC.ThatD.It16.All_____isneededisasupplyofoil.A.whichB.thatC.whatD./ADB17.Theybothtalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedthemintheschool.A.whichB.whoC.whenD.that18.Idon’tliketheway_____youtalkedtoher.A.whichB.inthatC./D.bywhichDC關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞whichthat(person/thing)(s.o.)who(person)(s.o.)whom(person)(o.)whose(person/thing)(attribute)when(time)=介詞+whichwhere(place)=介詞+whichwhy(reason)=forwhich(relatives)(relativepronounces)(relativeadverbs)thing(s.o.)指先行句(as)填空：1.Lookatthatlady

______

nameisPochi.2.Heisateacher

_________

Ilikeverymuch.3.Thosepictures

_________weredrawnbyTomarenice.4.Those_____willgototheparkstayhere.5.Thatwasallthemoney______Ihad.whose(whom/that/who)which/thatwhothat6.Tomisthefirstboy_____lefttheroom.7.Lookattheboyandhisdog_____arecomingthisway.8.Youcanreadanybook_____Ihave.9.Thatwastheyear_____IwenttoAmerica.10.wecametothetown,______westayedfor2hours.thatthatthatwhenwhereThisistheplace_______Istayedfortwodays.Themoment_______shewonthegoldmedalwasshownonTV.Thefactory_______heworkedhasbeenpulleddown.Thefactory___________wearegoingtovisitproduceswatches.Thereason_________heexplainedtohisfatherwasafalseone.Thereason_______hewaslateis_______hehadbeencaughtinthetraffic.wherewhenwhere(which/that)(which/that)whythatWhose從句可轉(zhuǎn)換為“

of+關(guān)系代詞”型，e.g.Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.

Theylivedinahouse,thedoor_______opentothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,____________dooropentothesouth.ofwhichofwhichthepreposition+relativepronouns1.Thepersonwhom/who/thatyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepenwhichheiswritingwithnowwasboughtyesterday.3.Thegaswhichwecannotlivewithoutiscalledoxygen.Thepen_________heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thegas___________wecannotliveiscalledoxygenTheperson________youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.towhomwithwhichwithoutwhichHaveyoumettheperson__________hewasspeaking?Heistheman_________youcanturnforhelp.

Thefarm_________weworkedthenyearsagoisn’twhatitusedtobe.Thisisthetree___________weusedtoplaygames.Thepen__________heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.Thegas_____________wecannotliveiscalledoxygen.MoreexamplesaboutwhomtowhomonwhichunderwhichwithwhichwithoutwhichCanyouworkthemout????????Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,________whichwecan’tlive.2.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?foraboutonwithoutUseaprepositionandarelativepronoun,whom/which,tocompletethefollowingsentences.Thebook___________Iheardwaswrittentwentyyearsago.Thepeople________themanspokeweren’tlistening.Thefilm____________Ifellasleepwasveryboring.Thepen__________shewrotethatbookcannowbeseeninamuseum.Thelittlecreature________scientistsareinterestedisknownasET.Thegun__________hewasshotwasneverfound.about

whichtowhomduringwhichwithwhichinwhichwithwhichCorrectthesentences:1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.Isthatfactorywhichyourfatheronceworkedin?3.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.4.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.^^which_____totheone5.IstillremembertheholidaysIstayedwiththem.6.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.7.Thosethathaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.8.Idon’tlikethewaywhichyoutalkedtoyourfriend.^inwhen_______who____that/which^9.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.10.Soontheycametoafarmhouse,andinfrontofwhichsatasmallboy.11.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.____

that______whyit______指人指物主語賓語that

whichwhowhom關(guān)系代詞的用法√√√√√√√√√√√√×

×

×

×

關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以：何時(shí)可以省略？做賓語時(shí)可以省略關(guān)系代詞的用法練習(xí)1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothungry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.

4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.

5.Idon’tlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.

Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.

Thefriendwho/that

hecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry..Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparent’sfarm.Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.Idon’tlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.關(guān)系副詞和先行詞的關(guān)系Istillremembertheday

whenIcamehere.

Thisisthehouse

whereIlivedlastyear.

Therearemanyreasons

whypeopleliketraveling.

Idon’tliketheway

thatyouspeak.

ontheday=wheninthehouse=whereforthereasons=whyintheway=that關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞＋先行詞1.I’llneverforgetthedays______________weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace_____________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason_____________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason_____________________hegave.

when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichthat/which幾種易混的情況及物動詞及物動詞及物動詞難用的whoseTheteacherpraisedthestudent.HisEnglishisthebestinourclass.TheteacherpraisedthestudentwhoseEnglishisthebestinourclass.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.whose=thestudent’s關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格難用的whoseThehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.Jointhefollowingpairofsentences.Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.

whose=thehouse’swindowThehouseismine.thewindowofwhichisbrokenofwhichthewindowisbroken非限制性定語從句ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.Pleasecompare:形式作用能否省略翻譯限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.Pleasecompare:形式作用翻譯限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句插入成分修飾限定補(bǔ)充解釋能不能….的能否省略Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析兩種定語從句省略后的結(jié)果ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.分析兩種定語從句省略后的結(jié)果限制性定語從句省略后主語所指就不明確，所以不能省略非限制性定語從句和單句的比較2.Hefailedintheexam._______madehisparentsangry.3.Hefailedintheexam,_______madehisparentsangry.4.Hehastwosons.Bothof________areteachers.5.Hehastwosons,bothof________areteachers.Thiswhichwhomthem×

that1.IamreadingHarryPorter,_____isaninterestingbook.whichas引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句Theearthisround._____isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_____isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround______isknowntoallthat

theearthisround.Itwhich/asAsItas具有正如之意，與之搭配的動詞一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected定語從句在句首時(shí)只能用as,as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句(1)ThisisthesamepenasIlost.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.Pleasecompare:這本書和我丟的那本一模一樣。這本書就是我丟的那本。as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句(2)Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asthatPleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:asthat這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。(定語從句)這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。(結(jié)果狀語從句)介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin×

×

Arethesetwosentencesright?可見,who、that不能用與介詞之后介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisb