概要寫(xiě)作技巧和分類【高效備課精研+知識(shí)精講提升】高三英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作專項(xiàng)

Deletionasaskilltosummaryalongtext

asummary

loseweightdelete

50-70words350words60wordsWhatisasummary?Asummaryisa

briefstatementthatgivesonlythemainpoints

ofsth,notthedetails《牛津高階英漢雙解詞典》說(shuō)明現(xiàn)象/問(wèn)題:introducethephenomenon/problem+reason+solution(causeandeffect)說(shuō)明物品:howitismade,howitisused,howitmaychange,whatmakesitneworsignificantWhoWhyWhatWhenWhereHowTheresultTheopinionofthewriterArgument1/supportingdetaillArgument2/supportingdetail2ConclusionNarrationArgumentationExposition

Whentalkingaboutthetwosexes,peopleoftensaythatmenarefromMarsandwomenarefromVenus.Withoutdoubt,menandwomenhavegreatdifferencesinmanyways.ExpositionThesecontrastsincharactercouldallbedowntosupposeddifferencesbetweenthemaleandfemalebrains.Forexample,astudyledbyBritishpsychologistStuartRitchiein2012foundthatmen'sbrainsareonaverage10percentbiggerthanwomen's.AndanotherstudyledbyIsraelipsychologistDaphnaJoelatTelAvivUniversityin2015furtherclaimedthatdifferencesexistinmaleandfemalebrains,althougheachindividual'sbrainhasa"mixoffeatures",asNewScientistwrote.

ButLiseEliot,aprofessorofneuroscience(神經(jīng)學(xué))attheChicagoMedicalSchool,begstodiffer.Sherecentlysaidthatthebrainisaunisex(不分性別的)organ.Throughanalyzingbraindataofseveraldifferentmenandwomen,Eliotfoundthatthestatisticsaboutbraindifferencesmeannothing.Accordingtoherfindings,maleandfemalebrainsarenotmuchmoredifferentfromeachotherthanmaleorfemaleheartsorkidneys.Andmoreimportantly,thesedifferencesdon'tshowthatmaleandfemalebrainsworkdifferently.

So,ifit'snotinthebrain,whatmakesmalesandfemalesbehavedifferently?Theanswermaylieinsocialization,accordingtoTheAtlantic.Inthepast,manygenderstudiesignoredtheeffectsofaperson'ssocialbackgroundandupbringing,relyingonotherdatainstead.TakeformerHarvardUniversitypresidentLawrenceSummersforexample.Heuseda1970studythatshowedmenoutperformedwomen13-to-oneonthemathpartoftheSATtoarguethatmalesaremoresuitedtosciencesubjects.However,anotherstudyfoundthatiffemalesweregivenbetteropportunitiestostudysciencesubjects,theratewoulddroptothree-to-one.Undeniably,menandwomendifferwidelyinmanyaspects.Previousstudiesattributethedistinctionsincharactertothedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemalebrains.However,ProfessorEliotarguesthattheyhavenothingtodowithbrainsbasedonthedataanalysis.Itissocialization,suchasbackgroundandparenting,thatcanaccountforthecontrasts,whichwasneglectedinthepast,though.Exposition范文Narration

Likemanynewgraduates，IleftuniversityfullofhopeforthefuturebutwithnorealideaofwhatIwantedtodo.Mydegree，withhonors，inEnglishliteraturehadnotreallypreparedmeforanythingpractical.IknewIwantedtomakeadifferenceintheworldsomehow，butIhadnoideahowtodothat.That’swhenIlearnedaboutthelighthouseProject.

IstartedmyjourneyasaLighthouseProjectvolunteerbyreadingasmuchasIcouldabouttheexperiencesofpreviousvolunteers.Iknewitwouldbealotofhardwork，andthatIwouldbeawayfrommyfamilyandfriendsforaverylongtime.Inshort，IdidnottakemydecisiontoapplyfortheLighthouseProjectlightly.Neitherdidmyfamily.

Eventually，however，Iwonthesupportofmyfamily，andIsentinallthepaperworkneededforapplication.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations，Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.Severalmonthslater，Ifinallyreceivedacallaskingmetoreportforduty.IwouldbegoingtoasmallvillagenearAbuja，Nigeria.Where?What?Nigeria?Ihadnoidea.ButIwasabouttofindout.

Aftercompletingmytraining，Iwassenttothevillagethatwassmallanddesperatelyinneedofproperaccommodation.Thoughthelocalvillagerswerepoor，theyofferedtheirhomes，hearts，andfoodasifIweretheirownfamily.Iwasaskedtoleadasmallteamoflocalpeopleinbuildinganewschoolhouse.Forthenextyearorso，Itaughtinthatsameschoolhouse.ButIsometimesthinkIlearnedmorefrommystudentsthantheydidfromme.

Sometimeduringthatperiod，IrealizedthatallthosethingsthathadseemedsostrangeorunusualtomenolongerdidthoughIdidnotgetanywherewiththelocallanguage，andIreturnedtotheUnitedStatesadifferentman.Thelighthouseprojecthadchangedmylifeforever.

①AftergraduationfromuniversitytheauthorwasatalossabouthowtofulfillhisambitionuntilhedecidedtolandajobwiththeLighthouseProject.(要點(diǎn)1)②Adequatepreparationandfamilysupportfinallywonhimthejobasavolunteerteacherinaremotevillage.(要點(diǎn)2)③Theexperiencetaughthimtoseelifeinanewlightandembraceabetterself.(要點(diǎn)3)(61words)Narration范文ArgumentationExerciseisdefinedasanymovementthatmakesyourmusclesworkandrequiresyourbodytoburncalories.Therearemanytypesofphysicalactivity.Beingactivehasbeenshowntohavemanyhealthbenefits,bothphysicallyandmentally.

Exerciseplaysakeyroleinbuildingstrongmusclesandbones.Thisisbecauseithelpsreleasehormonesthatpromoteyourmuscles'abilitytoabsorbaminoacids（氨基酸）.Thishelpsthemgrowandreducestheirbreakdown.Aspeopleage,theytendtolosemusclemassandfunction,whichcanleadtoanincreasedriskofinjury.Practicingregularphysicalactivityisessentialtoreducingmusclelossandmaintainingstrengthasyouage.Exercisenotonlyhelpsbuildbonedensitywhenyou'reyounger,butalsohelpspreventosteoporosis（骨質(zhì)疏松癥）laterinlife.

Exerciseplaysakeyroleinbuildingstrongmusclesandbones.Thisisbecauseithelpsreleasehormonesthatpromoteyourmuscles'abilitytoabsorbaminoacids（氨基酸）.Thishelpsthemgrowandreducestheirbreakdown.Aspeopleage,theytendtolosemusclemassandfunction,whichcanleadtoanincreasedriskofinjury.Practicingregularphysicalactivityisessentialtoreducingmusclelossandmaintainingstrengthasyouage.Exercisenotonlyhelpsbuildbonedensitywhenyou'reyounger,butalsohelpspreventosteoporosis（骨質(zhì)疏松癥）laterinlife.

Exercisecanhelpwithsleepquality.Theenergylossthatoccursduringexerciseencouragesrestorative（康復(fù)的）processesduringsleep.Moreover,theincreaseinbodytemperaturethatoccursduringexerciseisthoughttoimprovesleepqualitybyhelpingbodytemperaturedropduringsleep.Manystudiesontheeffectsofexerciseonsleephavereachedsimilarconclusions.Onereviewofsixstudiesfoundthatparticipatinginanexercisetrainingprogramhelpedimproveself-reportedsleepquality.Exerciseworksyourmusclesandburnsextracalories.（定義沒(méi)寫(xiě)不扣分）Beingactiveinitbenefitsyourphysicalandmentalhealth.（要點(diǎn)1）Ithelpsstrengthenyourmusclesandbonesnomatterhowoldyouare.（要點(diǎn)2）Apartfromthat,ithelpstokeepyourmindsharpandpreventmemoryloss,（要點(diǎn)3）letaloneitspositiveeffectsontheimprovementofyoursleepquality.（要點(diǎn)4）(63words)Argumentation范文....isofgreatsignificanceto.......isofvitalimportance.....matteragreatdeal.It'svitallyimportantthat...重要類句型....meanalottosb.....playahighlysignificantrolein...attachgreatimportanceto...put/lay/placestress/emphasison...

...exertabad/harmful/negative/damaginginfluenceon…（有害影響）

...haveabig/major/profound/significant/dramaticeffecton...（重大影響）

...haveabeneficial/positiveimpacton…（有利影響）影響/結(jié)果類句型完全使用自己的語(yǔ)言。這就要求考生在概要寫(xiě)作時(shí)要找準(zhǔn)文章中的主題句(主題句一般在段首或段尾)、關(guān)鍵詞(通常是動(dòng)詞、名詞等)；要準(zhǔn)確使用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯(如從句、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等)；要關(guān)注行文的連貫性(恰當(dāng)使用連接詞，如表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的“moreover”“furthermore”等，過(guò)渡句“asisoftenthecase”等)以及語(yǔ)言的豐富性(多種方式的表達(dá)、高級(jí)詞匯的使用等)寫(xiě)作技巧寫(xiě)作技巧增加句式1.反向表達(dá)（無(wú)靈主語(yǔ)）e.g.GreatchangestookplaceinFujianin1990.Theyear1990witnessed/sawgreatchangesinFujian.e.g.Ifeltsadyesterday.Sadnessseizedmeyesterday.e.g.Ihadagoodidea.Agoodideaoccurredtome/hitme/struckme/flewintomymind.寫(xiě)作技巧增加句式2.定語(yǔ)從句