2023年研究生入學(xué)考試英語一真題答案解析

2023研究生入學(xué)考試英語一真題答案解析Section１UsｅofEｎgliｓhDirｅcｔioｎｓ:Readtheｆolｌｏwiｎgｔeｘt．Cｈｏosethebestwｏrd（s）foreａchnｕmberｅｄblaｎkaｎdmark[A］,［B］,［Ｃ]oｒ[D]onANSWERＳＨEＥT1.(10points)Tｈoughnｏｔbｉｏlogicallyｒeｌated,ｆrｉeｎdsarｅas"ｒｅlated"asfouｒｔhcousins,sharingabouｔ１%ofｇenｅs.Tｈａｔｉs1astudypubｌiｓhedｆroｍｔｈｅＵｎｉveｒｓityofＣａlｉforniaａnｄＹaleUniverｓｉｔyintheProceedinｇsoftheNationalＡcademｙofSciｅnces,has2．Ｔｈｅstudyiｓagenomｅ-widｅanaｌｙsiscｏndｕcted31932uniqｕesｕbjectswhｉch4pairsofunrelatedfrｉｅndsａｎdunｒeｌatedstrangers.Thesamepeoｐlewereusediｎbｏｔh５.While１%mａyseｅｍ6，itisnotsotoａｇeｎｅtiｃist．Aｓco-autｈｏｒofｔheｓｔｕdyJamesFoｗler,professoｒｏfmedicalgeｎeｔicsａt(yī)UＣＳａnDiｅgosaｙs,"Ｍｏstpeopｌedonoｔeｖen７tｈeirfourthcousinsbuｔsomehowｍａｎagetｏselectasfrｉｅndｓtheｐｅoplewｈｏ8ouｒkｉn．＂Tｈｅｔｅamaｌsｏdｅvｅｌｏpｅda"ｆriendshiｐscore"whichcaｎｐrｅdｉｃｔwｈoｗillbeyourfｒiｅｎｄbasｅｄｏnｔheiｒgenes.Tｈestｕｄｙ９foｕndthatthｅｇenesｆｏrｓmellｗeresｏｍethiｎgsharedinfｒiendｓbutnｏtgenｅｓforimmunity.Ｗhythissiｍilａrｉtyinoｌｆacｔorｙｇenesisdiｆfｉcｕｌｔtoexpｌain,ｆornoｗ.10,asthｅteamｓuｇgests,itdrawsustｏｓｉmilａrenviroｎｍｅntsｂuttｈｅｒｅｉsmoｒｅ11it.Ｔheｒecｏuldbeｍaｎymecｈanismswoｒkinginｔandｅmｔhａt(yī)１２usinchooｓinggｅneｔicallｙsｉｍilarｆrｉeｎｄｓ１3than＂functｉonａlｋinｓhip＂ofbｅｉngfrｉeｎdsｗith14?。希睿澹铮妫簦瑁錼eｍａｒkabｌefindｉngｓofthestudyｗasｔｈａt(yī)thｅsiｍｉlarｇenesseｅmtobeeｖoｌving15thａnoｔheｒｇeｎes.Sｔudyiｎgthｉscｏuldｈelp16whyhumaｎeｖolutionｐickｅｄpacｅinthｅlａsｔ３0,000yearｓ,ｗithsociaｌenｖｉronmｅntｂeiｎgａmａjoｒ17fａctor.Thefindingsdoｎｏtsimplyｃoｒroboratepeoｐle’s１8tobefriendthoseｏfsｉmｉｌar19ｂackgrｏunds，saｙthereｓeａrchers．ThouｇhａlｌthesuｂｊeｃtsｗeｒeｄｒａｗnfrｏmapopｕlatiｏnofEuｒopeanexｔｒａctiｏn，carewaｓtａｋento20ｔhatａlｌsubjecｔs,frienｄsandｓtrangerｓｗｅreｔakｅnｆrｏｍthｅsaｍepopulation.Theteamａlsocoｎtrolledｔheｄatatｏｃｈeckanｃesｔryofsubjectｓ.1Awhａt(yī)BwhyCｈowDwhen2ＡｄefｅndedBcoｎcｌudedCｗiｔｈｄｒａwnDadｖiｓed３AfoｒBｗitｈCｂyDｏn4AseparatedＢsoughtCcomｐａreｄDconnｅcｔｅｄ５A(chǔ)ｔeｓｔｓBｏbｊectsCｓａmｐlesDｅxampｌes６AinsignｉｆｉｃantＢunexｐectｅｄCunreliableDincｒediblｅ７AvisｉtＢｍiｓsCknoｗDseek8ＡsurｐａsｓBinfluenceCfaｖorDreｓemｂｌe9ＡagaｉｎBaｌsoCinsteadDthｕs１０ＡMeaｎwhileBＦurthｅrmoreCLikewisｅDPerｈaps11AaboｕtBｔoCfroｍDｌｉkｅ1２AlimitＢobservｅCconfusｅDdrivｅ13AａccｏrdiｎgtoＢｒatherｔhanCregardleｓsｏfDalongwith１4ＡｃhａnｃesBresponsesCｂｅnefｉtsDmissｉons15ＡfasｔｅrBｓｌowerＣｌaterDｅarliｅr１6ＡforeｃａｓtBrｅｍemｂerCexｐrｅssＤuｎdｅｒsｔand１7AunpreｄｉcｔedBｃontriｂutｏryＣｃｏntrollａbleDdiｓrｕptive18AｔendencyBdecisiｏnＣarｒangementDendeavor１９ＡpolitｉcalBreligiousＣｅｔhnicDeconomic20AsｅeBsｈｏwＣｐrｏveDｔell答案解析1、Ａwhaｔ本句的句意是：這就是加利福尼亞大學(xué)和耶魯大學(xué)在美國國家科學(xué)院報告上聯(lián)合發(fā)表的研究成果。第一個空考察表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。2、Bconcluｄed本句的句意是：這就是加利福尼亞大學(xué)和耶魯大學(xué)在美國國家科學(xué)院報告上聯(lián)合發(fā)表的研究成果。第二個空為針對從句謂語進(jìn)行的詞義考察。3、Dｏｎ本句前半句的句意是:這項(xiàng)研究是一個基于１9３２個獨(dú)特個體的基因組廣譜分析?？疾霤onｄucton詞組，進(jìn)行。從句意為:它對成對兒的非親緣朋友和陌生人進(jìn)行比較。４、Ccompared比較，根據(jù)上下文及后一句的ｓａme知道，比較為最佳。5、Csampｌes詞義題,樣本，C為最佳選項(xiàng)。6、Ainsignｉfｉcａnt詞義題,1％，以及后面的ｎotso轉(zhuǎn)折,判斷,Ainｓignificant不顯著,為最佳選項(xiàng)。７、Cknｏｗ句意為：一些人雖然并不結(jié)識他們第四代的表親，但他們選擇的朋友卻和這些親戚頗有相似之處。８、Ｄrｅsｅmble詞義題，和上一個空形成轉(zhuǎn)折。9、Bａlsｏ上下文邏輯題，發(fā)現(xiàn)了，還發(fā)現(xiàn)了。Alｓo為最佳選項(xiàng)。1０、DPerhａps結(jié)合上下文：這一現(xiàn)象很難解釋，后面接因素，因素“也許”是……最符合文章大意。11、Ｂto介詞題,意為:就像這個科研團(tuán)隊(duì)所發(fā)現(xiàn)的,這個因素不僅把我們帶到具體的環(huán)境中來，更有一些深層次的影響。1２、Ddｒｉｖｅ詞義題,根據(jù)上下文，對我們產(chǎn)生影響,驅(qū)使我們……drive為最佳選項(xiàng)。１３、Bｒatherthan邏輯題，基因上相似的，功能上相似的,兩者對立不能同時存在,ratｈertｈan不是…而是最符合。１4、Cbｅnｅfｉtｓ跟“功能”搭配,選個褒義詞，帶來好處的,最佳。１５、Ａfaｓter詞義題,根據(jù)后半句解釋,這就是為什么“ｐickedpace”加速,這里只能選ｆaｓter，一些比此外一些進(jìn)化得更快，符合文意。1６、Dundeｒsｔaｎd詞義題，這個研究可以幫助我們理解一個事實(shí)。17、Ｂcontｒibuｔory本句意為:社會環(huán)境是最重要的一個因素。Contributory奉獻(xiàn)，最佳。１８、Ａteｎdency結(jié)合文章主旨，選擇基因相似的人做朋友是普遍現(xiàn)象,tendency趨勢傾向最符合。１9、Ｃethnic同義替換，基因背景相似，種族的,民族的，最符合。２０、Asｅe本句意為:盡管所有的研究對象都取自歐洲血統(tǒng),研究者也花心思保證了所有(用于比對的)朋友和陌生人也源自該血統(tǒng)中的同一支系。SｅctionⅡＲｅaｄingＣｏｍprehensｉonPartＡDirectiｏｎs：Ｒeaｄtheｆｏｌｌowinｇfourtexts．AnsｗertｈeqｕestionsaｆtｅrｅａchtｅxtbychoosingＡ,Ｂ,CｏrD.MarｋyoｕｒanswerｓonAＮSWERSHEET1.(４0ｐoints)Tｅxｔ1KingJｕanＣａｒlosoｆSpａinonceｉnsiｓtedkingsdon’tａbdiｃate,ｔheydieintheirsleeｐ．BuｔｅmｂarraｓｓinｇｓcandａｌsandｔhepopulａritｙoftherｅpublicanleftｉｎtheｒeｃentEｕrｏ－eleｃtionsｈaveforcedｈimｔoeａt(yī)hｉｓｗordsaｎdsｔanddｏｗn.So,diｅｓtｈeSpaｎiｓhｃrisissｕgｇeｓtthatmoｎarchyisｓeeingｉtslａstdays?DoeｓthaｔmeanthｅunｉｔｉngiｓonｔhｅwallｆoralｌＥuｒopeａnｒoyals,wiｔｈtheirｍagnｉficｅntuniｆｏｒmsanｄmajesｔicｌｉｆesｔylｅs?ThｅＳｐanishｃaｓepｒeviｏｕsarguｍｅntsboｔhｆorandagainｓtmonarｃhｙwhenｐublｉcopinionisparｔiｃularｌy．Polarizeｄ，asitwasfoｌlowingｔhｅendoftheFｒaｎceregimｅ,moｎarchsｃaｎｒiseabovｅ“mere”poｌitｉcsand“emｂｏｄy”ａｓｐiriｔoｆｎationaluｎｉty.Itistｈisapparｅnttrａnscenｄeｎceｏfpｏlitｉｃsthateｘｐｌaiｎsｍｏｎaｒｃhsｃontｉｎuingpｏｐuｌａrityａsheadsofsｔaｔes．Andso,theMidｄleEaｓｔeｘpeｃtｅd，Eurｏpeisｔhemostmｏnarch-ｉnfesｔedregiｏnisthｅwoｒld,with１0kingdomsｎotｃoｕntingＶatiｃaｎｃityandAndoｒra.ＢutuｎlｉketheirabsｏlutiｓtcouｎｔerpａrｔｓinthｅＧulfanｄAsｉa,mostｒoｙalｆamiliesｈavesurｖivedｂecaｕsｅtｈeyａｌｌｏｗvotｅｒstoａvｏiｄｔhｅｄifficuｌtsｅarｃhforaｎｏn-cｏnｔrｏveｒsialｂutrｅspectpｕblicfｉgｕre.Evｅnso,kｉnｇsandquｅensuｎdoｕbｔedｌyhaveaｄoｗnside,sｙmbolicofnatｉｏｎａｌuｎiｔyａstheyclａimtｏbｅ,theirverｙhiｓtoｒｙ—aｎｄｓomｅtimesthewaytｈｅybｅhａvｅtoｄay-embodiesoｕｔdatedaｎｄiｎｄefensiｂlｅｐrivilegesanｄinequalities.AtatimewheｎＴhomesPikettyａndoｔheｒｅcｕmeniｓtsarｅwarniｎgofｒｉsingineｑｕalｉtyanｄtheincreaｓｉｎgpowｅrofiｎｈeriteｄwｅalｔh,itisbｉzarreｔhatweａlthyａrｉstoｃｒatｉcｆamiliesshouldstillbethｅsymboliｃheartofmodernｄemｏcrａt(yī)ｉｃｆaｍiｌiesshouldstillｂeｔhesymboｌｉcheａrｔofmoderｎdｅmｏcraticstates.Ｔheｍoｓtｓuｃcessfulmoｎarcｈieｓstrivｅtoabandoｎorｈidetheiroldaｒiｓtoｃrａｔicways.Prｉncｅandｐrｉncesshａvｅｄay-jobsandridebicｙcles,ｎｏthorｓｅs(orhｅｌicoptｅｒｓ)．Eveｎso,tｈｅseａreweaｌtｈｙfaｍｉｌieswhopaｒtyｗiththeｉntｅｒnational1%,ａｎｄmediaｉｎｔrusivｅnｅsｓｍakesitｉnｃreasｉｎglｙdifficｕlttoｍaintainｔｈerigｈtimage．ＷhileＥｕｒope’smonaｒｃhiｅswilｌｎｏｄoｕbtbｅsmａrtenouｇhｔoｓtriｖeforsomｅｔimetoｃome,ｉｔistｈeBｒｉtishroyalsｗhohaｖemoｓttofearｆromｔheSｐaniｓheｘamｐｌe.IｔisonlyｔheQueeｎｗhｏhaspresｅrｖedｔheｍonａrｃhyｒｅputaｔionwithｈerrａt(yī)ｈerorｄinaｒy(ifｗell－h(huán)eaｌｅd)grａnnysｔyle.TheｄangerwiｌｌcoｍeｗithCｈａrｌes,whoｈａsbothａneｘpｅｎｓｉｖetasｔｅｏflｉfｅstylｅandaprettyhierarchｉｃalｖiewoftｈeｗｏrld.Hehasfaileｄtounｄerstａndthａt(yī)mｏnａrchieshａｖｅlargelysurvivedbecａusｅtheｙprovidｅａseｒviｃe—aｓｎoｎ-coｎtｒｏｖersialandｎon-pｏlｉtiｃalheaｄsｏｆｓtate.CharlｅｓouｇｈttoknowthataｓＥnglisｈhistoryshｏws,iｔiｓkingｓofｒｅｐuｂlｉcans,wｈoaretｈemonarchy’sworsｔenｅmiｅs.21、acｃorｄingtothefiｒsttwoｐaragraphs,kiｎgJuanCａｒｌｏｆｓpａn［A]usedtoｅnｊoyhighpｕｂｌｉcsuppｏｒt[B]wasunpｏpｕlaｒaｍｏngEurｏpeanroyaｌs[C］enｄｅｄhiｓreigninｅmbaｒraｓsmｅnt[D]ｅaseｄｈisreｌａt(yī)ionｓhipwithhｉsrivａls２2、monarchsａｒekeptasheadofstatｅｉnEurｏpeｍostｌy[A]owingtotheiruｎdｏubｔedandrespectａblestａt(yī)ｕs[B]toａｃhieveａbalanｃebetwｅenｔradｉtionaｎｄreａlｉty［C］tｏgivｅvoteｒsmorｅpｕblicfiguresｔolｏokｕptｏ[D]ｄuｅtotｈeｉrｅverlａsｔｉngｐoliticalemｂodiment23.Whｉcｈｏfｔhｅｆollowingｉｓshownｔobｅodd,ａｃcordingtｏParagｒaph４?[A]Ａristｏｃｒａt(yī)s’eｘｃｅｓsiveｒelianceoniｎｈerｉtedｗealtｈ.[B]Theｓimplelifeｓtｙleｏfthｅariｓtｏｃrａｔicfaｍilieｓ．［Ｃ]Ｔｈeｒolｅofｔhｅｎobilitｙｉnmoｄeｒnｄeｍocracieｓ.［D］Thenobilitｙ’sadherencｅtothｅｉｒprivilｅｇes.24.TheBriｔishroyalｓ“haｖemｏsttｏfｅaｒ”becａｕｓeCharlｅｓ[A]tａkｅsaｔoｕgｈlineoｎpｏｌiticalisｓues．［B]ｆaｉlsｔochangehislｉｆｅｓｔylｅａsaｄｖised.[C]ｔakesｒｅpublicａnｓaｓｈispotenｔialalｌiｅs.[D]ｆaｉlｓtoadaｐthimselftohiｓfｕturerole．２5.Ｗhｉchｏfthefoｌlowingistｈｅbeｓｔｔitleｏfthetｅxｔ?［A］Ｃarlos，GloｒｙaｎdDｉsgｒaｃeComｂinｅd[B］Cａrlｏs,ａLessonfoｒAllＥｕropeanMonarcｈｓ[C]Cｈarles，SｌowｔｏReactｔotheＣｏｍingＴhreａｔs[D]Cｈarleｓ,AnxｉousｔoSｕｃceeｄtoｔhｅTｈrone答案解析：２1Dendeｄhiｓrｅｉｇnｉneｍbaｒrassment此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞KingJuaｎCarloｓofＳpain定位到第一段第一和第二句。Ｂutembarrassｉｎgscanｄａls…h(huán)avｅforcedhimtoeａt(yī)hiswｏrdsanｄｓtanｄdｏwn.此處standdown譯為放棄席位。因此Dendeｄhisrｅignineｍbaｒrassment是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。22Aｏwｉnｇｔotheiｒundｏuｂtedandresｐectabｌestatuｓ此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段第一句itiｓtｈisａｐpａrent…thaｔexpｌａｉnｓ…ａshｅaｄsofstａt(yī)e.和第三句Butunlｉkｅtｈeｉｒabｓｏｌｕtｉｓｔ…moｓtroyaｌfamilieshavesｕrｖivedbecausetheｙallｏwvｏterstoａvoidtｈedifficuｌｔsearcｈfor.．.respｅcｔｅｄｐｕｂlｉcfigｕre．絕大多數(shù)皇室家族使得選民避免了尋找受人尊敬的公眾人物的麻煩。因此Aowｉnｇtothｅiruｎｄｏｕbtedaｎdrespectａbｌｅstａt(yī)us是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。23Btherolｅofthenobiｌｉtｙｉnｍodernｄemocｒaｃieｓ此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段最后一句話…ｉｔiｓｂizａrｒｅthａt(yī)wealthyarｉstocraticfamｉliｅｓshouldstillbethesymｂolｉcheaｒｔofｍｏdernｄemocratiｃstａｔes奇怪的是有錢的貴族家庭仍然處在現(xiàn)代民主國家的核心地位。因此Btｈeｒｏleoftｈenobiｌｉｔyiｎmodeｒndeｍocracieｓ是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。24Bfailｓtochａngehisｌiｆｅstylｅasaｄｖised此題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞”ｈavemostｏffear”定位到第六段，Chaｒles定位到最后一段的地二句Charles后面whｏ引導(dǎo)定語從句wｈohaｓboｔhanexpｅｎsｉvetasteoｆlｉfｅｓtyleand…worlｄ因此Bfaｉlstoｃｈanｇeｈiｓlifesｔyｌeasａdvised是原文內(nèi)容的同義替換。25CCarlos，aＬｅsｓonｆorAｌlEuｒopeａnMonarchs此題屬于全文主旨題。著眼全文，通篇都在圍繞ｍoｎarchs展開。第一段由Carlos引出當(dāng)今君主制面臨的危機(jī)。因此Caｒloｓ，aLessonforAｌlEuropeanMoｎａrｃhs是全文內(nèi)容的精確概括。Ｔexｔ2JuｓthowmuchdoesthｅCｏnsｔituｔioｎprotectyourｄigitａldata?ThｅＳupｒeｍｅＣourtwillｎｏｗconsiｄerwhｅtherｐｏliceｃanseaｒcｈthｅｃonteｎtsofamobilephonewiｔhoutawarranｔifthepｈoneisoｎoraroundaｐersｏｎduriｎgaｎarｒesｔ.Ｃalifｏrｎiahasaｓｋeｄthｅjusticestorefrａiｎfｒｏmaswｅepingrulｉnｇ,pａｒtiｃulａrｌｙｏneｔｈatｕpsetstheｏldassumpｔiｏnsthatauthｏritiesmａｙsｅaｒｃhthroｕｇhｔhepossesｓioｎsofｓｕｓpeｃtsattheｔimeoftheiraｒresｔ.Itｉshard,thestaｔeargueｓ,forｊｕｄgｅｓtｏassｅｓｓthｅimｐｌicaｔioｎｓofnｅwａｎdrapidlycｈanginｇｔｅｃｈnoｌogies．TheｃourtwouldｂeｒeｃklesｓｌymodestｉfiｔfolloweｄCaliｆornia’sadvice.Eｎｏugｈｏftheimplｉcatiｏnsａｒeｄisｃｅrnaｂle,eveｎoｂｖioｕs,ｓothatｔhejｕｓｔicｅcaｎandsｈoulｄpｒｏvideｕpdatedgｕidelinestoｐolicｅ,lawyｅrｓａnｄdefendaｎts．TheysｈouldｓtartｂydiｓcａrdinｇCaliforniａ’slameargumeｎｔｔhateｘplorinｇｔhｅｃｏnｔｅntｓofasmartｐhｏnｅ--ａvaststorehｏuseofdigitalｉnformationｉssimilaｒtosaｙ,ｇoiｎgthrｏｕghasuspect’spursｅ.Thecoｕrtｈasruledthaｔpolicｅdon'tviｏlateｔheFourtｈAｍｅndmentｗheｎtheyｇothrougｈthｅwaｌletorpoｃketbｏok,ofanarｒeｓｔeewithoｕtaｗａｒｒant.Ｂuｔexploringoｎe’ssmarｔphoneｉsｍｏrelikｅeｎteｒｉnghisoｒhｅrｈome．Asmartphoｎｅｍaycontａiｎaｎaｒreｓｔee’ｓｒeadｉｎghｉsｔｏry，finａｎｃialｈistorｙ,ｍediｃalhiｓtoryaｎdcｏmpｒehensｉverecoｒｄsｏfｒecｅnｔcorresｐoｎdeｎｃe.Ｔｈeｄeｖｅlopmentof“ｃｌoｕdcomputing,”meanwhｉlｅ，hasmadetｈatexploratioｎsomucｈtheｅasｉer.ButｔhejusticｅsｓhoulｄnotsｗallowCａlifｏｒniａ’ｓarguｍentwhoｌe.Nｅw，ｄisruｐｔｉveｔecｈｎoloｇysｏmetiｍesdｅｍandsnovｅlappｌicationｓofｔheＣonｓｔiｔution’ｓｐrｏtecｔioｎs.ＯriｎKeｒr,alawprofessor,cｏmｐarestｈeeｘplosionaｎdaccessｉbiｌityofdigｉtａliｎfoｒmationｉnthe21sｔcenturyｗithtｈeｅsｔabｌisｈmeｎtofａuｔoｍobileuseａsadigitalnｅcessityｏｆlifeｉnthｅ2０th：Ｔhejustiｃeshadｔospeciｆｙnovelrｕleｓfｏrthenewpersonaldomainoｆtｈｅｐａssengercarthen；theymusｔsortoｕｔhｏwtheＦourthAmendmentａppｌiestoｄiｇitaｌinｆｏrmatｉｏｎｎow.２6.TheＳuprｅmeCourｔ，wiｌｌｗｏrkoｕtｗｈｅｔher,durｉｎganarrest,iｔiｓlｅｇitimaｔeto[Ａ]seaｒchforsｕspects’moｂｉｌｅphoneｓwitｈoｕtａwarrant．[B]checksｕspecｔs’phoneconｔｅntswiｔhｏｕtｂｅingａｕthoｒized．[C]ｐrｅventsｕspeｃtｓfrｏmdeｌetingｔｈeirpｈoneconｔｅnts.[D]pｒｏhｉbiｔsuspectsfromusiｎgtｈeiｒｍobilepｈoneｓ.2７.Ｔheauthｏr’saｔtitudeｔowardCalｉｆorniａ’sargumｅｎｔisｏneof[A］toleraｎcｅ．[B]inｄiffｅrence．[C］dｉsapprｏvaｌ．[D]caｕtiousneｓs.2８．Thｅauthoｒｂelｉeｖｅsthａt(yī)eｘploringoｎe’sphoｎeconteｎtparableｔｏ[A]gettinginｔooｎe’sresidｅnce.[B］handingone’shistoricａlrecｏrdｓ．[C]sｃanniｎgoｎｅ’scorrｅspｏndences.［D］gｏinｇthrｏughonｅ’sｗallｅt．２9.InParaｇraph５and6,theａｕthorsｈoｗshisｃｏncerｎｔhaｔ[A]princiｐlesareｈarｄtoｂｅclｅａrlｙｅｘprｅsｓed．[B]tｈecouｒｔisgiｖinｇpoliｃeｌeｓsrｏomfoｒaction.[Ｃ]pｈonesａreusedtｏstoreseｎsiｔivｅｉnfｏrmatｉon．[D]citiｚｅns’privacyisnotefｆectiveproｔecteｄ.３0.OrｉnＫerr’scoｍparisｏnｉsqｕｏtedtoindicatethat(Ａ)ｔheConｓtｉtutioｎsｈｏuldbeimplementedｆｌexiblｙ.(B)NewｔechnｏlogyrequirｅｓｒｅinteｒpreｔatioｎｏftheCｏnstitutioｎ．(C)Ｃalｉｆｏrnｉa’ｓaｒguｍeｎtviｏｌａt(yī)esprinciｐｌeｓoftheConsｔiｔｕtion.(D)PrincｉｐleｓoftｈeConstitｕｔｉoｎｓhouldｎevｅrbealterｅｄ.T2答案解析:2６答案Bcheｃksｕspｅcts’phonｅconteｎtswｉtｈoｕｔbeiｎｇaｕthoｒiｚed解析:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)自然段定位原則,定位到首段。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞supｒeｍecourt,whｅther精擬定位到第一段最后一句wｈethｅrｐｏlｉcecansｅarｃhtｈecontentsofamobilepｈone….,與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)，即為B在不授權(quán)的情況下檢查嫌疑人的電話信息。注意A選項(xiàng)應(yīng)是sｅａrchcontents。27答案Cdｉｓapproval解析:態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干Caｌifornｉa’sargｕment定位到第二段最后一句及第三段首句,這些句子中提到harｄ…recklesslｙmｏｄｅst…等負(fù)向詞,表達(dá)的是負(fù)面態(tài)度?？催x項(xiàng)屬于負(fù)面的就是ｄisａpprovａl。Ａ容忍,Ｂ冷漠是典型錯誤，D粗心。2８答案Aｏone’sｒesideｎce解析:細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問:作者認(rèn)為搜索電話薄就相稱于什么？根據(jù)段落界定原則定位到第四段轉(zhuǎn)折處，提到Butexpｌｏrinｇoｎe’ssmａrtphoｎeismorelｉkeenteｒinｇhisorherhome.與選項(xiàng)相應(yīng),A中的ｒｅsｉdeｎｃｅ相應(yīng)hoｍe，是原文的批準(zhǔn)替換。注意D選項(xiàng)不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，不能將文中人物觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)作作者觀點(diǎn)。2９答案Ｄciｔizｅｎs’prｉvaｃyｉsnoteｆfectｉｖeprotecteｄ解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到5段和６段,題干問作者最關(guān)注的是什么,即是相應(yīng)段落的段落中心。因此，該題表面是細(xì)節(jié)題,實(shí)質(zhì)為段落核心。5段首句為中心句提到，應(yīng)采用措施保護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)隱私；6段又繼續(xù)陳述原則的不恰當(dāng)之處。根據(jù)這些內(nèi)容,相應(yīng)答案D市民隱私未能得到有效保護(hù)。３０答案BNｅwｔechnｏloｇｙreｑｕiresreｉｎｔeｒｐretatｉonofｔheＣｏnstituｔｉｏn解析：例證題。題干問的是引用ＯrｉnKｅrr的目的是什么,即OrinKｅrr是論據(jù)，其目的是論點(diǎn)。論點(diǎn)往往在論據(jù)的前面,所以要找例子前面的一句話，即Nｅw，disruptiｖeｔechnologyｓomｅｔiｍesdｅmａndsnoｖeｌapplｉcationｓｏftheＣonstiｔution’sｐrotｅｃtｉonｓ.與選項(xiàng)相應(yīng)，就是Bｎewtechnologｙ是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，requiｒe等同于dｅmandｓ，reinterpreｔａt(yī)ionoftheCｏnsｔｉtuｔion同義替換apｐｌicatioｎsoftheCoｎstitutiｏn’sproｔectioｎs。Texｔ３TｈｅjourｎalScienceisaddingａneｘtraｒounｄｏfstatｉｓticalcｈeckstoitｓpeeｒ-reviewpｒocess,ediｔor-in－chiefMarciaＭcNuttannouncedtｏdａｙ．Thepｏlicyfolｌｏwsｓimilａreffｏｒtｓfromｏtherjournals,ａfterwｉdｅspｒｅａdｃonceｒntｈatbａsｉcmisｔａkesiｎｄataaｎaｌｙsiｓａrecｏntrｉbutｉngtｏｔheirrｅpｒoｄuｃｉbｉlｉtyofmanｙpubｌisｈedreseａrｃhfindings.“Readersmusｔhavecｏnｆidenceintheconcｌｕsionｓｐublｉsｈeｄiｎｏｕrｊｏurnal,”wｒitesＭcNｕttinaneditoriaｌ.Ｗo(hù)rｋingwithtｈeＡmerｉcaｎStａt(yī)ｉsticalAssｏciatｉon,ｔhejourｎaｌhａｓapｐｏintｅdseveneｘpertstoaｓtａt(yī)iｓｔicsｂoａｒdofrｅviewｉngeditｏrｓ(SＢｏRＥ).Manuｗiｌlｂeflａggｅｄupfoｒadditionａlscrutｉnｙbｙtheｊoｕrnaｌ’sinｔeｒnａledｉtoｒｓ,oｒbyitsexistiｎgBoarｄofReｖiｅwｉngEditorｓｏrbyoutｓideｐeeｒreｖieｗeｒｓ.TheＳＢｏREｐanelwｉlltｈｅnfiｎdｅxternaｌstatｉsticianstｏrｅviewtheｓｅｍanuscrｉｐｔｓ.Askeｄwｈethｅranｙparticｕｌarpaｐersｈadimpｅｌｌｅｄthechange,MｃNｕｔｔｓａiｄ：“Ｔhecrｅaｔioｎofthe‘ｓｔaｔisｔiｃsboarｄ’wａｓmｏtivateｄbyｃｏncｅrnsbｒoａdlｙwiththｅａpplicatioｎoｆstatｉsｔiｃsａnddataanaｌysiｓｉｎscientｉfiｃｒeｓearchandispartｏｆSｃienｃｅ’ｓｏveraｌldｒivetoｉncreaｓereproｄｕｃibｉlityintherｅsearｃhｗepublish.”GiovannｉPａｒｍigｉanｉ,ａｂiostａt(yī)iｓtｉｃianatthｅHａrvaｒｄSchoolｏfPubliｃＨeａltｈ,amembeｒｏfｔheSBｏＲEgroup,sayshｅexpｅｃtstheｂoaｒdｔｏ“pｌayprimａrilｙanadvisoｒyrole.”Heagreedtojoｉnbeｃauseｈｅ“fouｎｄｔheforｅsiｇhtbeｈiｎdtheestaｂlishｍentｏfthｅSＢoＲＥｔｏbenｏveｌ，ｕｎiqueaｎｄｌikelytohａvealasｔｉngｉｍｐａｃt．Ｔｈisiｍpａctｗillnotonlybeｔhroughtｈｅpublicａt(yī)ionsinＳcｉenceｉtsｅlf,butｈｏpefullytｈrougｈalargｅrgrouｐoｆpｕｂlisｈingplaｃeｓthaｔmaywａｎtｔomodeltheｉrapprｏachafｔｅrＳciｅｎce.”31.ItcanbelearｎedｆroｍPａraｇrａphIthat[Ａ]Sciｅnｃeintendsｔosｉmpliｆyitsｐｅer-ｒｅｖieｗproｃesｓ．[B]journaｌsarｅstｒengｔheｎingtheiｒsｔatiｓｔｉcaｌcheｃｋｓ．[C］ｆewjouｒnalsａrｅblａmedformisｔakｅsindａt(yī)aaｎalｙsｉｓ.[D]lａcｋofｄａt(yī)ａanalｙsisｍｏniｎｒeseａrcｈpｒoｊects．3２.Thｅphrase‘ｆlaggedｕp”(Pａrａ.2)iｓtheｃloｓestinmeａniｎgtｏ[A]fｏuｎd.[B］reｖisｅd.［C]mａrkｅd[Ｄ]storｅd33.GioｖanniPａrmｉgianiｂeliｅvｅsｔhａt(yī)ｔheestablisｈmeｎｔｏｆtheSBoREmay[A]pｏｓeathrｅatｔoallitspeers[B]ｍeｅtwithstronｇopposｉtiｏｎ[Ｃ]incrｅａｓeSｃｉeｎcｅ’ｓｃｉrculation.[D］setaｎeｘampleforoｔherjｏurnａls34．DaｖｉdVauxｈoldsｔhaｔwhａt(yī)ScieｎceiｓdｏｉｎｇnowA.addstorｅsｅarｃheｒs’ｗorklｏad.B.diminisｈeｓthｅｒolｅofreｖiewｅrs.C.ｈａsrｏoｍfｏrfｕrtherimpｒoｖｅmenｔ.Ｄ.istofailintheｆｏrｅｓeeａblefｕｔuｒe.3５.Whicｈofthefoｌlｏｗingｉstｈebesttitleｏfｔｈｅtexｔ?A．SciｅnceＪoinsPushｔｏSｃreeｎSｔatiｓtiｃｓinPapｅｒsＢ.ProｆｅssionａlSｔatｉｓtｉciａnsDｅserｖｅMoreRespｅctC.DataAｎalyｓisFindsＩｔsWayontoEditorｓ’DesｋsＤ．Stａt(yī)ｉｓｔiciansArｅComingBａckｗithＳcienceText３答案解析：３1.答案Bjournａlｓaｒestreｎｇｔｈeｎingthｅirｓｔatｉｓtｉcalｃｈecks段落推斷題考察的是段落中心句,定位在首段首句ＴheｊouｒnalSciｅnceiｓaｄｄinｇanｅxtrasｏuｒcｅaｔPeer-reviewpｒocｅsｓ，editor-in－chiｅｆMaｒｃiａMｃNottaｎnｏunｃedtoday.《科學(xué)》雜志將要對同行評審過程增長額外的資源。與選項(xiàng)B批準(zhǔn)替換。３2．答案Cｍａrked詞義句意題根據(jù)所猜短語fｌａggeｄｕｐ所在句子的句意，手稿將被flaggeduｐ以供雜志編輯、現(xiàn)有的編輯評審委員會或外部同行審查。比較四個選項(xiàng)，只有Cmarｋed被標(biāo)記，符合題意。33.答案Dｓｅｔａｎexampleforotｈｅrjｏｕrnａlｓ觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題定位在四段末句Thisiｍpactｗiｌlnotonlｙbethｒoughtｈepuｂliｃａt(yī)ionsｉｎScieｎｃeitselｆ，bｕthｏpefullｙthｒoｕgｈaｌargergroupoｆｐｕblishingｐlaｃｅstｈatmaywanｔtomodeltｈｅirappｒoａcｈafｔerScienｃe.這不僅對于《科學(xué)》雜志自身的出版有影響，尚有希望影響其它的出版社，這些出版社想繼《科學(xué)》雜志之后樹立自己的典型形象。選項(xiàng)D是這句話的概括總結(jié)。34．答案Dｈasroｏｍfｏrfurtheｒｉmｐrovemｅnt觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題定位在末段末句，VauxsaysｔhaｔScience’sideａt(yī)opasssomｅｐapｅｒｓtoｓｔaｔistiｃians“hasｓomemeriｔ,butaweａkneｓsisthat...．”Vaux認(rèn)為《科學(xué)》雜志的想法有一些好處，但是有個缺陷是．．..這就說明這個想法是有進(jìn)一步改善的空間的。35.答案ＡＳcienceJoiｎｓPuｓhtoＳｃrｅenSｔaｔiｓtｉcｓｉnPaｐers主旨大意題本文首段首句就是全文主題句，《科學(xué)》雜志將要對同行評審過程增長額外的資源，并且全文其它各個段落都在圍繞對這一想法不同專家的不同態(tài)度在論述，所以選項(xiàng)Ａ是對全文中心的完整表達(dá)。Ｔext4Twｏyｅａrsagｏ,RupertMurｄoch’sdａugｈter,Elisａbｅｔh,spokｅofthe“unsｅｔtlingdｅａｒｔhｏｆintegrｉtyacrｏssｓomanyofouｒｉｎstｉtuｔionｓ”.Ｉntegrｉtｙhadｃollapｓｅd,sｈeａrgｕed,bｅcaｕseofacollｅctiｖeａcceｐtaｎceｔhａt(yī)ｔheoｎly“sortingmｅｃhanism”ｉnsｏcｉetyshouldbepｒｏfｉtandtｈｅmaｒket.Ｂuｔ“it’sus,ｈumanbeinｇs，weｔhｅpｅｏｐlewhoｃreatetｈesoｃｉetywewant,ｎotproｆｉt”.Drivｉngｈeｒpointｈｏme,sｈeconｔinuｅd:“Iｔ’sｉncreaｓｉngｌyappaｒentthａt(yī)theabsenceofpurpose,ｏfamoｒallanguaｇeｗithiｎgovernｍｅｎt,mｅdiaorｂusineｓｓｃoulｄbecomｅoneｏfｔhemoｓtdaｎｇeｒｏｕsgoalsforcａpｉtalismａｎｄfreｅdoｍ.”TｈisｓａmeaｂsencｅoｆmｏｒalｐurposeｗaswｏuｎｄingcoｍpanieｓsuｃｈasNｅwｓInternatiｏｎal,shethoｕgｈt,makinｇｉtmorelikelythatitwouｌdloｓeitｓｗayasiｔｈadｗitｈwiｄesｐreadillｅgalteleｐhoｎehackｉng.Asthｅhackingｔｒialｃｏncludeｓ—findinｇguilｔyｏneｅx-eｄitoroftheNｅｗｓoｆthｅＷｏrld,ＡnｄyＣｏulsoｎ，forcoｎspiringtohackpｈｏｎes,andfinｄｉｎghｉspredecｅssor,ReｂeｋahBrｏoks,innoceｎtｏfｔhesａmeｃhａrｇe—thewideｒisｓueofdearｔhofｉｎtegritｙstillstａｎds．Jｏｕｒnaｌistｓareknｏwntohａvｅhackｅdthephoneｓofuｐto5,50０peoｐｌe.Thisishaｃkｉnｇoｎａninduｓtrialscale,ａswａsaｃknｏwledｇeｄbyGlennＭulcaire，tｈemanｈｉredbytheNewｓoftｈｅＷｏrldin２０23toｂeｔhepointpersonforｐｈonｅｈacｋiｎg.Otｈeｒsａwａiｔtriａl.Thisｓagastilｌunfolds.Ｉnｍａnyｒesｐｅcｔs,thedeartｈoｆｍoｒａlｐuｒｐosｅframeｓnotｏnlｙthefaｃtoｆsuｃhwidｅsprｅadｐhｏnehackｉngbuｔthetｅrmｓonｗｈiｃhｔhetrｉalｔoｏkｐlａce.Ｏneoftheａstｏnishingreｖelａt(yī)iｏnsｗａｓhoｗlｉtｔleRebeｋahBrooksｋnewｏfｗｈatwｅntoniｎhｅrneｗsrｏｏm,howlitｔleｓhethｏuｇhtｔoａskaｎdthｅｆactthａｔsheｎeveriｎｑuｉreｄhoｗtｈestorieｓarｒiｖｅｄ.Theｃｏreｏfheｒsuｃｃｅssfuldeｆｅｎsewaｓｔhatshｅｋｎｅwnｏtｈing.Inｔodaｙ’ｓwｏrlｄ,ithasｂecomenｏrmaltｈａt(yī)welｌ－paideｘecｕtivesshouldｎotｂeａｃｃountａbｌｅｆｏrwｈａt(yī)haｐpenｓintheｏrganｉzationstｈatthｅｙrun.Pｅｒｈａpsweｓhouldnotｂｅｓosｕｒｐrｉｓeｄ.Forａgｅnｅrａt(yī)ioｎ,tｈｅcｏllectｉvedｏｃtｒineｈasｂeentｈattｈesorｔingｍecｈaｎismoｆsoｃietyshｏuldbｅprofｉｔ.Ｔheworｄstｈathavematteredａrｅefficiency，ｆｌeｘｉbｉlity，sｈａｒeholderｖaｌue,bｕsinｅｓs-ｆriendｌy,wealｔhgeneratioｎ,ｓaleｓ,impａｃｔａnd,innewspａｐers,cｉｒｃulatｉon.Wordsdegradｅdtoｔhｅｍarginｈavｅｂeenjustｉce,fairｎesｓ,tolerance,proportionalityaｎｄａｃcountaｂｉｌity．ThｅpurposｅｏｆediｔiｎgthｅＮｅｗｓｏftｈeＷo(hù)rldwasnotｔopromoｔeｒeａderｕｎderstanding,tobｅｆaiｒｉｎwhatwaswriｔtenortｏｂｅtrayanyｃommonhumaｎity.Itwaｓtoruiｎlivesiｎtheqｕestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmａyormayｎｏｔhaveｈadsuspicionｓabｏutｈowherjouｒnalistsgｏtthｅｉrｓｔories,bｕｔsheaskｅdnoqueｓtions,gaｖenoinstrｕctｉｏｎｓ—noｒｒeｃｅｉｖｅdtracｅabｌe,reｃordeｄanｓwers.36.Accordinｇtothｅｆiｒsttwoparagrapｈs,Elisabeｔhwasupseｔby(A)thｅconsequenｃesｏfthｅcurrｅntsortiｎgｍechanisｍ.(B)companｉeｓ’fｉｎａnｃｉａllosｓduetoimmorａlｐracｔicｅｓ(Ｃ)governmeｎtaｌineffectiｖeｎeｓsｏnmｏraliｓｓueｓ.(D)thewｉdｅmisuseｏfintegritｙaｍongiｎstitutiｏns.37.IｔcaｎｂｅinfｅｒrｅdfromParagraph３thａｔ(A)GｌennMulｃａｉrｅmａyｄｅnyｐhoneｈａcｋｉngasacriｍe.(B）morejournalistsmaybefｏundguiltyofｐhｏｎｅhaｃkinｇ.(C)AnｄyCｏulsonshouｌdbeheｌdinnocenｔoｆthecｈarge.（D)phonehａｃｋiｎgwillbeａｃceptedｏncertａinoｃｃasions.3８.TheauｔhｏｒbelievestｈatＲebekａhBrｏoks’sdefenｓe(A)reveaｌedａcunnｉｎgpｅrsoｎａlity.(B)cｅｎteｒeｄoｎtｒiviaｌｉｓｓues.(C)wａshａrdlyconｖｉnciｎg.(Ｄ）ｗasｐaｒtofacｏnspiracy.39．Theauｔhorholｄsthatthｅcurｒｅｎtｃollectiｖedocｔrinesｈowｓ(A)gｅneｒallyｄistortedvａｌｕｅs.(B)ｕnｆａirweａlthdisｔriｂｕtiｏn．(C)aｍａrginalizeｄlifeｓtｙle.(D)arigｉｄmｏralcoｄe.40Ｗhｉｃｈoｆthefollｏwiｎｇｉｓsugｇesteｄinｔhelasｔｐaｒagｒaｐh？(A)Theqｕalityofwritinｇsisｏfpｒｉmaryimportaｎce.(B)Commonhｕｍanityiｓcenｔralｔｏnewsrepｏrtｉnｇ.(C）Moralａｗarenessmatteｒsinedｉtingａnewｓpaper.(D)Ｊournａlｉsｔsnｅedstriｃterindustｒiａlｒegulations．Tｅxt4答案解析:３6.答案Ａ.Ｔｈecoｎsequencesoftｈｅcuｒrｅｎtｓｏrtｉngmechanism.因果細(xì)節(jié)題題目問到Eｌisbeth因什么而感到沮喪。定位在第一段第二句Intergritｙhadcｏllapｓｅd，．.．,ｂecauseofacoｌlｅcｔiｖｅaccｅptaｎceｔhaｔtｈeonly“sortingmechaｎｉsｍ”insocietｙshｏuldbeprofｉtandthｅｍarｋeｔ,由于社會中唯一的分類機(jī)制是利潤和市場這一共同的觀念,導(dǎo)致了正直這種道德品質(zhì)的淪喪。３7.答案Bmorejouｒnaliｓtsmaybefｏundguiltyｏfphoｎehackiｎg段落推斷題定位到第三段第一句Ａsｔhehaｃｋiｎgｔriａlconcｌuｄeｓ.．..theｗiderｉｓsｕeofｄearthofintegｒitysｔiｌlｓtaｎdｓ正如竊聽案總結(jié)的那樣,仍然存在更廣泛的dｅarthoｆintegrity的事件，與選項(xiàng)B相應(yīng)。３8．答案Cwashａｒdｌycｏnvinｃing觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題根據(jù)第四段第二句中asｔonishing,howlｉttle...,hｏｗlittlｅ...Sheneveｒ..．以及第三句中Ｓhekｎeｗnｏｔhinｇ的語氣判斷作者的態(tài)度是認(rèn)為ＲB的辯護(hù)是沒有說服力的。3９.答案Aｇenｅｒallｙdｉｓtortｅdvalueｓ觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題題干定位在第五段第三句,答案定位在隨后的第四、第五句。Tｈeｃｕｒｒentcｏｌｌecｔｉvedｏctriｎe認(rèn)為重要的是eｆfｉｃｉenｃｙ,flexibｉlity,sｈareｈｏlｄｅｒvalue....,而認(rèn)為jusｔice，fairness.．.．不重要,故扭曲了價值觀。４０.答案是Cmoralａwareｎesｓmattｅrsinedｉｔｉnｇaｎｅwspapｅr．段落推斷題定位在最后一段前兩句。世界新聞雜志的目的不是提高讀者的理解能力。。。。而是為了發(fā)行量和影響力而毀了人們的生活。從ruinedthｅliveｓ的表達(dá)能看出作者希望雜志所做的是提高其道德意識，與C選項(xiàng)相應(yīng)。ParｔBDiｒectionｓ:Intheｆolｌｏwinｇaｒtｉcｌe,sｏmesｅnｔｅｎceｓｈavebeｅnrｅｍｏvｅd.ForQｕesｔions４1-４５,choｏsethemostsuiｔａｂlｅonefrｏmｔheｌisｔA－Gｔｏfｉｔiｎｔoeachｏｆthenuｍberedbｌａnk．Thereaｒetwoexｔracｈoｉces,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MａrkyouranswｅrsonANSWEＲＳHＥET1.(10ｐoints)Hｏwｄoesyourreａdingpｒｏceｅd？Clｅarly,yｏutrｙtoｃomprehend，ｉｎthｅｓenseoｆidentifyingmｅａningsforindividuａlwoｒdｓanｄworｋiｎgｏutreｌａｔionshｉpsｂetweenthem,ｄrawingonyouriｍplicｉｔknｏwledgｅｏｆEnglisｈgrammar．(41)_＿_(dá)____＿＿_(dá)___＿＿_(dá).Youｂegｉntoinfeｒaｃｏｎｔextfｏrtｈetexｔ，fｏrinｓtance,bymakiｎgdecisionsａboutwhatkｉndofｓpeecｈeventiseｖｏlveｄ.Wｈoｉsｍakingthｅuｔtｅｒance，ｔowｈom,ｗhenａndwhere?Ｔheｗayｓofreadiｎｇinｄiｃatedhereaｒewithoutdoubｔｋinｄspreｈensionｂuttheｙsｈｏwcｏｍprehenｓionｔoconsistnotjustofｐassivｅａｓsiｍilatｉonbutｏfaｃtiveengageｍentiｎｉｎfereｎceandｐｒｏｂlem－soｌving.Youｉnｆerinformaｔionyoufeeltｈewriterhasinvｉｔｅdyoutograspbｙpｒesentｉngyoｕｗitｈspecificevidｅnceaｎdcｌues.(４2)____＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)_＿＿_(dá)__Concｅｉveｄintｈiswａy,comprｅhｅnsionwilｌｎotfｏllowｅxaｃtlythesametrａcｋforeaｃhreader.Wｈatisinqｕｅstionｉsｎottｈｅretrievaｌofａnabsｏluｔe,fixedor“trｕe”meａniｎgｔhaｔcanｂereａdoffandchｅｃkedforａｃcuracy,orｓｏｍeｔｉmｅleｓsrｅlatiｏnshｉｐofｔｈｅtexttoｔheworｌd.(43)＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)_＿＿_(dá)__Sｕｃhbackgrounｄmaterialｉｎeviｔabｌyｒeｆlectsｗｈowearｅ.(４4)＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)_____.Thisｄｏesnot,however,mａkeinｔｅｒpｒetatｉoｎmereｌｙrｅｌatｉｖeorｅveｎpｏinｔless.Precｉsｅlybecausereadersfｒoｍdｉfferｅntｈistｏrｉcalperｉｏds,placｅsandsｏｃialexｐeriｅnceｓproduｃedｉｆferenｔｂｕｔovｅrlapｐiｎgｒｅadiｎｇｓｏｆｔｈesａmewoｒdｓoｎｔheｐaｇe－-－includiｎgfｏrtextsthａt(yī)ｅngagｅwiｔhfunｄamｅntalhumａｎconcｅrns-－-debateｓabouttextｓcanplａyanｉmporｔａntrolｅinsociaｌdiscｕsｓionoｆbeliefandｖaluｅs．Hｏwwereaｄagｉｖentｅxｔalｓodeｐenｄｓtosｏmeextｅntoｎoｕｒpａｒtｉｃuｌarinterestinreadｉngiｔ.(45)＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)_______＿.Sucｈｄiｍensiｏｎｓｏfrｅaｄiｎgsｕggest---asothersintrｏｄｕcedｌatｅrｉnｔheｂookｗillalsｏｄｏ--thａt(yī)webｒinｇaｎiｍplicit(ｏftenunacｋnowledged)aｇenｄatoａｎyactoｆreａding.Ｉtｄoeｓnｏtthennecｅssarilyfoｌlowthaｔonekiｎdofreadｉngｉsfｕlｌer,moreadｖａncｅdormoｒeｗortｈwhiletｈaｎaｎothｅr.Idｅaｌlｙ,dｉfferentｍindsｏfｒeadinginformｅachotheｒ,aｎdａctａｓｕsefuｌｒｅfeｒeｎcepoinｔsfoｒandcｏｕnterｂａlａnｃｅｓtooneanothｅｒ.Toｇｅｔｈer,thｅyｍakeuｐtｈｅreadinｇｃomｐonentｏfyouroｖerａｌlｌiteracｙ,ｏｒrｅｌationsｈiｐtｏyouｒsｕrroundingtextualｅnｖironment.[A]Arｅwｅstuｄyiｎgｔhattextandtｒyingtorｅsｐonｄinawayｔhatfulfillstherequiｒemｅnｔofａgiｖeｎｃｏｕrｓe?Rｅadingｉtsｉmplyforｐleasｕｒe?Ｓkｉｍmｉnｇitfｏｒｉnforｍａt(yī)ion?Waｙsoｆreaｄinｇonatraiｎoｒｉnｂedaｒelｉkeｌytoｄｉfｆerconsiderａｂｌyfromreadｉngiｎasｅminaｒroom．[B]Ｆactoｒssuchastheｐlａceandperｉoｄｉｎwhiｃｈwearｅｒeａdｉnｇ,ourｇｅnderethnicｉty,ageａndsocialcｌasｓwiｌlｅncouｒageustowaｒｄｓcｅrtaｉniｎteｒpretationsｂutａt(yī)thesamｅｔimeobscureorｅvｅｎcｌoseoｆfotｈers.[C]Ｉfyoｕａreunfaｍｉlｉａrｗｉthwｏrｄsoｒidioｍs,yoｕｇuessａt(yī)ｔhｅirmeａnｉng,uｓｉｎgcｌｕesprｅseｎｔedｉnｔｈecontext.Onｔheaｓsumptioｎtｈaｔｔheｙｗillbｅcomｅｒeｌevantlatｅr,yｏumakｅａmentalnｏteｏfdiscｏursｅentitiesasｗelｌaspossｉblｅlｉnksｂeｔwｅenｔheｍ.[D］Ineffecｔ,yｏｕtryｔoreconstｒucttｈelikelymeａｎingsoｒｅｆfectsthatａnygivenｓｅntｅｎce,iｍageorreferｅｎcｅmighthａveｈad:Tｈeｓeｍiｇhtbｅtheonｅstheaｕｔｈorｉnteｎdeｄ.[E］Yｏｕmakｅfurthｅrｉｎferenｃｅs，ｆｏriｎstancｅ,abouthowthetextｍａybesignｉfiｃantｔｏyoｕ,oraboutiｔsvaｌiｄitｙ—infｅｒencestｈａt(yī)ｆｏｒｍthｅbasｉｓｏfａpersoｎalreｓpｏnsｅｆorwhichthｅauthorｗillineｖitaｂlybefarleｓsrespｏnsiｂlｅ．[F］Ｉnplａyｓ，nｏｖeｌsandnarrativepｏeｍｓ,ｃharａctｅrssｐeakａsconstructscreａt(yī)eｄbytｈeａuthor,ｎoｔneｃｅｓsarｉlyasmoutｈpiｅcｅsｆorｔheauthｏr’soｗｎthoughｔｓ.[Ｇ]Ratheｒ，wｅaｓcribeｍeａnｉngstotexｔｓｏnthebａsiｓeractｉonbeｔｗeeｎwｈａt(yī)wemigｈtcalltexｔuaｌandｃontexｔｕalｍateｒｉal:betweenｋindsoｆorganizａt(yī)ionｓorpaｔｔerｎingwｅｐerceｉveinatext’sformalsｔｒucｔｕrｅs(ｓｏespｅcｉaｌlyiｔslａｎguagｅｓtrｕctures）ａnd