2023年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試真題第套

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(chǎn)fiｇｈtsceｎehａｓtoｌoｏkreal．Punｃｈesmuｓt26enemｉes’ｊawsSwｏrdfightsｍustｂeｆｏughtwiｔh２7swｏrdsＳeveralactorsarｅusuaｌｌyｉnaｆightscene．ＴheｉｒmｏvesmustｂesetupsothatnoｏneｇetshuｒｔItｉsalmostlikeplaｎninｇａdaｎｃeperfｏｒmａnce.Iｆamｏvieｓｃｅneiｓdangerｏus.stuntpeopleusuaｌly28thestarｓYoumaythinkyoｕseeTomCｒｕiｓerunniｎgalｏngtｈeｔopofatｒaｉnButitｉｓ２9ｈisstuntｄｏuble.Stuntpeｏｐｌemust３0theｓtarｓｔhｅystａnｄinｆorTheiｒｈeｉghtanｄbuildshoulｄbｅａboutthesaｍｅBuｔwhencｌosｅ-ｕpsarｅneedｅd，thｅｆｉlm31theｓtar.Ｓｏmesｔｕntpｅopｌｅ32ｉncｅrtaiｎｋｉndsofsceneｓ．Forinsｔanｃe，astuntwｏmannaｍedＪanDaｖｉｓdoeｓallkinｄsｏfjuｍpｓShｅｈａｓｌeaｐｔfromｐlanesandevenofｆtheｔｏpofawaterfallＥacｈjumpｒequｉｒedcａrefulｐｌannｉnｇandexpert３3．YakｉmaCａｎuｔtwasafamouｓｃｏwboysｔｕｎtmａlｌ.Amoｎｇothersｔunts,heｃoｕｌdjumpfｒomasｅcoｎｄｓtoｒywindoｗonｔoaｈorse’sbａckHe34tｈefamｏｕstrickofslidiｎｇunderａｍoviｎgstagecoacｈ．Caｎuｔtａlｓo35anewwayｔｏｍakeapuｎchlookrｅaｌ．HewaｓthｅoｎｌystuntｍallevertogeｔaｌlOscａr．ＰartＩIIRｅadingCｏｍprｅhｅnsiｏｎ(40minutes）SectionADirecｔｉoｎs:Ｉnthiｓseｃtiｏn。tｈｅreisapassageｗｉtｈtenblaｎks．Ｙouaｒerequｉredtoseleｃtonewordforeachbｌanｋfroｍalｉｓtofchｏicesｇiveninａwｏｒdbａnkfollowingｔｈepａssａge．Readtｈｅpaｓｓaｇethｒoughcareｆullｙbefｏremaｋｉngyoｕrchｏices．Ｅａｃｈchoicｅiｎthebankｉｓidentｉfiedbyａｌetter.PleasｅmaｒkthｅcorrｅsｐonｄｉnｇlｅｔterｆoreaｃhitemｏnAｎｓwerＳheｅt2ｗithａsｉnｇlelｉｎethrouｇhthecentre．Ｙｏｕmayｎotuｓeanｙoｆtheｗordsinthebankmoreｔhaｎonce．Quｅstions３６tｏ45ａrebasedoｎthefoｌlowｉngpaｓsaｇe．AｓanAlaskａnｆishｅｒｍan，ＴimotｈyJｕｎe,54,uｓedtｏtｈinkthaｔhewaｓsaｆeｆroｍiｎduｓtriａlpoｌlｕtａnts（污染物)athｉｓhomeinＨａines–ａt(yī)ownwithａpｏｐulatｉonof2,４０0peoｐleaｎd４,000ｅagles,ｗiｔｈ8mｉlliｏnａcresｏfｐroteｃtedｗildlaｎdneａｒby．Ｂutiｎearｌy2０23,Ｊuneａgreedtｏtａｋepartiｎa３6of３5Amerｉcanｓｆromsｅvenstａt(yī)es.Iｔwaｓabiomonitorinｇｐrｏjecｔ，iｎｗhichpeｏple’ｓbloodaｎdｕrine（尿)ｗerｅｔｅsｔeｄfｏr37oｆcｈｅmiｃals–iｎｔhiｓcase,thrｅe(cuò)Potenｔｉaｌlydaｎｇeｒｏuｓｃlassesｏｆｃｏmｐoundsfoｕndinｃommonhｏusehold38likeｆacｅｃream,tincans,andshoｗercurtaｉns.Thｅrｅｓuｌtｓ3９ｉnNovemberｉnaｒepoｒtcalled“ＩsItｉｎUs?”ｂyaｎｅnvｉｒｏnmｅnｔalgrouｐ–wereratherworryinｇ.Everyoneofthｅparticipanｔs,4０ｆｒｏmanＩｌliｎoisＳtatｅsenatｏrｔoaＭaｓsacｈｕsettｓmｉｎister，tｅsｔedposｉtiveforalｌthreecｌasｓｅsofpolｌｕtａnｔs．Aｎdｗｈilethe４1prｅｓeｎｃｅoftheｓechemｉcａlsdｏesnot4２ｉndicａｔeaheaｌtｈrisk，thefacｔthattypicａｌＡmerｉcanｓcａｒryｔhｅｓｅcheｍiｃaｌｓatａll４3Ｊuneａｎdhisfellｏｗparticipａntｓ.Cｌeａrly,theｒｅaｒｅchｅｍicalsiｎourbodieｓthaｔdon’t44tｈeｒｅ,AlarｇeongｏｉngstｕdｙcoｎdｕctｅdbytheCentersｆｏrDｉｓeaseControlaｎdPrｅｖentioｎhasｆoｕｎｄ148chemｉcａｌｓinAmericanｓｏfａllaｇes.Andin２０２３,theEｎvironmentaｌWｏrkiｎgＧroupｆoｕndａn45of200chｅmｉcalsinｔｈeｂloodof10nｅw－boｒnｓ.“Ouｒbａbｉesaｒebeingbornpｒｅ-pｏlluｔed.”ｓaysShａryｌｅＰａt(yī)tonｏfＣoｍmonwｅal,ｗｈｉｃhｃosponsoreｄ“IsitiｎUs？”“Thisisgｏingtobetｈenｅｘtbiｇｅnvironｍentalｉssｕeaftercｌimatechａｎge.A)aｎalyｓesB)aveｒageC）belongD)demｏｎstrateｄE)ｅxｃesｓF)eｘtendｉｎgG)habitｕallyH)ｎecessａrilyI)ｐrｏdｕctsJ)ranｇiｎｇＫ)ｒeleａｓedL)shｏｃｋｅdM）sｉmpleＮ)ｓurveyO)trａｃesＳｅctionBＤirｅctｉoｎｓ:Inthissection，youaｒeｇoｉngｔoreaｄapａsｓagewitｈｔenstａt(yī)ementsattａcｈeｄtｏiｔ．Eacｈstａt(yī)eｍentcontａinｓinfoｒmationgｉｖeｎinoneofthｅpaｒａｇｒａphs.Identｉfythepａragｒaｐh，fromwhｉchｔheinfoｒmａt(yī)iｏnisdeｒived．Ｙouｍａycｈooseapaｒａｇｒaphmoreｔhａnonce．Eaｃｈparaｇｒaphismarｋedwithａletteｒ.AnｓwｅrｔhequeｓtiｏｎsbyｍaｒｋｉｎgｔheｃｏrrｅsｐｏndingletｔｅronAｎsｗｅrSｈeet2．InＨardEconｏmyforAllＡgeｓ,ＯlｄerIｓn’tBetter—It’sＢrutalYoｕnggraduａｔesarｅinｄeｂt,outｏfwoｒkandoｎtheirpａreｎtｓ'cｏuchｅs．Ｐeｏplｅiｎｔheｉr3０sand4０scan'taｆｆｏrdtｏbｕyhomｅｓoｒhavechilｄｒen.Retireesaｒeｅarnｉｎgneaｒ-zerｏiｎteｒesｔonｔheｉrsavings.Ｉntheｃurrｅntlistlｅss(缺少活力的)econoｍｙ，evｅｒyｇeneｒａt(yī)ｉoｎｈａsａｃlaiｍtoｈavingbeenｍosｔｉnｊured.BuｔtｈeＬaｂorDepａｒtment'sｌatestjoｂsrepoｒtsaｎｄothｅrｒecｅntdａt(yī)ａｐresentastrｏngcａｓeｆorcrｏwningbabyｂoomers(二戰(zhàn)后生育高峰期出生的人)A)ａｓtheｇｒeateｓtvｉctimｓｏｆtｈerｅｃeｓsionaｎdｉtsdreａdｆｕlcｏnsequeｎces．TheseＡmericaｎsinｔｈｅiｒ50sandearly６0s—tｈoｓeｎｅarreｔiremeｎtagewhｏdonotyethaveaｃcesｓtoＭediｃareaｎdＳocｉalSecｕriｔy—haveｌosttｈemｏstｅarniｎgsｐoweｒoｆanｙａｇegroup,wiｔhtheirhoｕseｈoｌdincoｍes１0peｒｃenｔbｅlｏwwhaｔtheymadeｗhenｔherecoverｙｂeganthｒeeyeａrsago,ａccｏｒdingtoSeｎｔierＲesearch,ａdataanalyｓisｃomｐanｙ．Theirrｅtirｅmentsavinｇsandｈｏmevaluesｆeｌlｓhａrplyattｈeworstｐoｓsｉbletiｍｅ：justbefｏrｅtｈeｙｎeededtoｃashｏut.Theyaｒｅsupportｉngboｔｈagedparｅntsaｎｄuｎemployedｙounｇ-ａdｕltchildｒen,earｎiｎgthemｔｈｅuｎluckｙnickｎame"GｅneratｉoｎＳｑueeze."Ｎewreseaｒcｈsuggｅｓtsthattheymaydiｅｓoｏneｒ,bｅcauseｔheｉｒhｅalth,inｃomesecuｒｉtyandmｅntalwｅll-beiｎgwerebａｔtered(重創(chuàng))ｂyrｅcesｓionatacrucialtimｅiｎtｈｅirｌives.ＡｒecentstｕdｙbyｅcｏnｏmｉstsatＷellｅｓleyCollｅgefoｕndthatｐeoplewholostthｅirjｏbsｉnthefeｗyｅarsbefoｒebｅcomingqｕａｌifieｄｆoｒＳｏcialSeｃuritｙlｏstｕpｔoｔｈreｅyearsｆｒomｔｈeirlifｅｅxｐeｃtanｃy(預(yù)期壽命),laｒｇelｙｂｅcausetheyｎｏlongerｈａｄaccesstoaｆfordabｌeheaｌthcare.UｎemｐlｏymenｔratesｆorＡｍerｉcansnearｉngretiｒeｍentarefａｒlowerthantｈoseforｙounｇpeopｌｅ，ｗhoarｅrecenｔｌyｏｕtofschool，withfewｅrsｋiｌlsanｄashｏｒterworkhiｓtoｒy．Butｏnceoｕtofajoｂ,olderworkershaｖeamuchhａrdｅｒtiｍefｉndｉｎgａnotheｒoｎe.Oｖerｔhelaｓtyear，theaｖeｒａgedｕratioｎofunｅmｐloymentforoldｅrpeoplewas５３ｗeeks,coｍparedwｉth19ｗeeksfｏrteｅnａgers，accｏrdｉｎgtoｔheＬaboｒＤeparｔmenｔ＇sjobｓrｅporｔreleasedonFｒidａｙ.Theｌenｇthyproｃessispａrtｌybecauseｏldeｒworkeｒsaｒｅmorｅｌikelyｔohaｖｅbeenｌaiｄofffroｍｉｎdustriesthataredoｗｎsizｉnｇ,ｌｉkemａnufactuｒing.Compaｒeｄｗiththｅｒeｓｔoftheｐopulaｔｉoｎ，olｄeｒｐeｏplearｅａｌsomｏreliｋelytooｗntｈｅirownｈomｅｓandbelessmoｂｉlethanrenteｒs,whocａｎmovｅｔｏnewjobｍarkｅｔs.Olｄerwoｒkeｒsaremｏrelｉkeｌytｏhaｖeadisabiｌityｏｆsomｅｓort,ｐerhapsliｍitiｎgｔheｒangeｏｆjobsthatofferrealｉｓticchoiｃes.Ｔｈｅymaｙａlsobｅｌessinｃliｎｅd，ａｔｌeａstｉnｉtiａlｌy，totakejｏbstｈatpayfａrlesｓthａntｈeiroldpositｉｏns.Dispｌacedboｏｍersaｌsｏbeｌiｅveｔheｙarevicｔimｓofagｅｄiscriminatｉon,ｂeｃauseｅmpｌoyerscaneaｓｉlyｆinｄaｙｏung,eｎｅrgｅticworkerwhowｉｌlａcceptlｏｗerpaｙandwhocanｐotentiallystｉckarｏｕnｄfordｅcadesratｈｅrthaｎafｅwｙeaｒs.Inasuｒveybyｔhecenterofｏlderwｏｒkeｒswhowｅｒelaidoｆfduｒingtherecession，justonｅinsｉｘhaｄfｏundａｎothｅrjoｂ,aｎdhalfoｆthaｔgrouphaｄaｃcepteｄpaycｕts.1４%oｆｔhere－empｌoyeｄsaidtｈepaｙintheirnewjoｂwaslessｔhanhaｌfwhａt(yī)tｈeｙeaｒnｅｄintheｉrpreviousjoｂ."Ijｕｓtsayｔｏｍｙsｅlｆ:'Whymｅ?Wｈathave1donetodeservｅｔhis？'＂saｉdJｏhｎA(yù)ｇａt(yī)ｉ,56，whoｓｅlastfull－tｉmejob，asaprodｕｃtdｅvelｏｐer,endedfｏｕrｙｅarsaｇowheｎhisｅmｐloyeｒｗentｏutofｂusineｓs.Ｔhaｔpositioｎpａid$90，００0，ａndhiｓresuｍelｉsｔsjobsatｃoｍpaniｅslikｅAmerｉcanExprｅｓs,ＤisｎｅyaｎdUＳAＮeｔworks.Sinｃｅｂeｉnglaidoff,tｈouｇh,ｈｅhaｓworkｅdａseriesｏfpaｒt-timｅ,low-wage,ｔempｏraryｐositｉons,inｃludｉngselｌinｇshoesatLord&Ｔaylorandｍakinｇsaｌescａllsfｏraｃarｃoｍpany.Theｌaｓtfewyearshaveｔakenaｔｏlｌnotoｎｌyonhiｓfamｉly'sfinances,ｂｕtalsoonhisfeelｉngsofself-wortｈ．"Yoｕｊustｇｅtsad,"Ｍr.Agatisaid．"Iｓｅe(cuò)peopｌｅgetｔingupinthemorniｎg,goingouｔｔotheｉrcaｒeeｒsandgoｉnghoｍｅ．ＩjｕstwｉshＩwasdoingthat．Sｏｍepｅopｌedon＇tｌｉkethｅirjobs,oｒｔｈeｙhavepｒｏbleｍswiｔhtｈeｉrｊobs,ｂutaｔlｅastthey'rewoｒkinｇ.ＩjustwishIwasinthｅirshoｅs."Hｅｓaｉdhｅcannoｔafｆoｒdtｏgｏbackｔoschool，asｍanyyounｇｅrpｅｏｐｌewｉtｈouｔjｏｂsｈaveｄoｎe.Ｅvenifhecouldａｆfoｒｄit,ecｏｎoｍiｓtsｓayｉtｉsｕnclｅaｒｗhetherolｄeｒworｋersliｋｅhimbenefitmucｈfrommorｅe(cuò)ducaｔioｎ."Ｉtjustdoesn'tｍakeseｎｓｅｔｏofferrｅtraｉninｇfｏrpｅｏplｅ5５ａndolder,"saidDanielHamermesｈ，ａnｅcｏnoｍicsｐｒofeｓｓoｒ.＂Ｄiscrimiｎatioｎbyagｅ，long-ｔermunｅmｐloymenｔ,aｎｄtｈefactｔhaｔthｅｙ'renowａt(yī)theendofｔhｅｈiringｑueueｊustdoｎ＇tmakｅiｔsensiｂｌｅtｏinveｓtｉntｈem．"Mａｎydisplａcｅdolｄｅrworｋersaｒeｔakｉngｔhiｓmessaｇeｔoheaｒtandleavinｇthelaborforceｅｎtirely.TheshａｒeofolderｐeopｌeａpｐlyiｎgforＳｏｃiａｌSｅｃurityearlyroseqｕicklｙdｕriｎｇtherecessionaｓｐeoｐlｅｓougｈｔｗhateｖerincｏmeｔheycouldfind．Thepｅｎａltytｈeyｗiｌｌpaｙispｅrmanent,aｓretireeｓｗhoｔakeｂenｅfitsaｔaｇe6２wｉllｒeｃeiveａsmucｈas30%lessinｅａchｍoｎth'scｈecｋｆoｒｔｈｅrestoftheirｌｉvesthaｎｔｈeywouldiftheyhaｄwaiｔeduntｉlfｕｌlｒetiremｅｎｔaｇe(６6foｒｔｈｏseboｒnafｔer1942).ThｏｓenotyｅteligibｌefｏｒSociａｌSecｕrｉtｙaｒeincrｅａsinｇlｙaｐplyiｎgｆoｒanothｅr,comparablekiｎｄofincoｍeｓupporｔthatｏftengoｅstｏpeoｐlewｈoeｘpeｃtnevｅrtowoｒkagain：dｉｓabilｉtybenefiｔs.Mｏrｅthanoneｉneｉghtpeopleinthｅｉrlatｅ5０sisnowｏnsomeformoｆfeｄeraldisａbｉlityｉｎｓuranceprogｒaｍ,accordingｔｏＭarkDugｇａｎ，chairmanofthedｅpartmentofbｕsinesseｃonomｉｃｓandｐublicｐｏliｃｙａt(yī)theUniversｉｔyｏfPeｎｎｓylvania'sWｈaｒtonSｃhｏol.ＴheveryolｄestＡmeｒicans，ofcourse,werebaｔteredbysomeofthesameillwindｓthaｔtｏrmentedtｈosenoｗnearingrｅtｉremｅnｔ，butatleａsｔtheｍostsenioｒwereｃushionedbｙamorereadｉlｙavａilablesociａlｓａfetynet.Morｅimpｏrtaｎt,inａｓtａt(yī)istiｃａlｔwist,ｔheymayｈaｖeaｃｔuallyｂｅnｅfｉteｄfｒomthｅfinaｎcialcｒｉｓiｓinｔhemｏstfuｎdamentalway：prｏｌongedlｉvｅｓ．Deaｔｈratｅｓforｐeopleｏveｒ６5haveｈistoｒiｃalｌｙfａllenduringrecessｉons,accordiｎgtoａNovember2023studｙbyeｃonomistsaｔtheUniveｒsityofCaliforｎia，Ｄａvｉs.Why?Theｒeｓearｃheｒsaｒguetｈatweａｋjobmaｒｋｅｔｓｐｕshmoｒeworｋersintoacceptiｎgｒｅlaｔｉvelyunｄesiｒableworkａｔnｕrｓｉｎghomes,lｅadｉngtobetｔerｃareｆorｒｅsｉdents．注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡２上作答。46.Gｒeateｒmobilityputsyｏｕngeｒｐeopｌeataｎadvａｎｔagｅｉnseekiｎgnewｊobs.47．Manｙoftheｏldｅrworｋeｒslａｉｄoffｄuringtheｒecｅsｓｉonhadｔoaccepｔloｗerpayiｎtｈeirｎｅｗjoｂｓ.4８.Tｈosewhohaｓthｅｉrｊobsshortlｙbeｆｏｒｅretiｒemeｎtaｇeｌｉvｅashorteｒ-than-averａgelｉfe.49．Senｉoｒsａt(yī)nurｓinghomeｓcouldbeｎeｆiｔfromtｈeｗeａkjｏbmａrket.50.Ａｇediscｒiminationinemploymentｍakesｉtｐointｌesｓretrａiｎingoldeｒｗoｒｋers.51.Aｃcｏｒdｉｎｇtｏreceｎtreｐｏrｔsanddataanalyses,booｍｅrssuｆfermostfromthｅweakｅcｏｎomy.52.Uｎemployeｄboomeｒsareatadisadvａntａｇｅiｎｊoｂ－h(huán)ｕntingｂecauseｅmｐlｏyerｓtendtoｈirｅyｏungeｒｗorｋｅrs.53.Ｐeopleｉntheirｆiftiesａｎdｅａｒlysiｘｔiesbearｔheｈeavieｓtfamilybｕrdｅｎｓ.5４．PeｏplewhotａkeｂｅnefｉtsfromSociaｌＳｅcuｒitybeforeofｆicialｒｅtiremｅｎtagewｉllgeｔmucｈｌeｓsｆoｒtherestｏftｈｅiｒliveｓ.55.Olderwoｒkｅrs'cｈｏicｅofjｏbscａnｂｅｌｉmitedbecauseofdisaｂilｉty.ＳectionCＤiｒｅctioｎs：Thｅreare2passａgeｓinthisseｃｔion.Eａcｈpaｓsaｇｅｉｓfolｌoweｄｂysoｍｅｑueｓｔionｓoｒunfiniｓhedstatementｓ.ForeachofｔhｅmthｅrｅarｅfourｃhｏiｃesmaｒkedA),B)，C)andＤ)．ＹｏusｈoulddecｉdeｏntheｂeｓtcｈoｉcｅandｍarkthecorrｅsponｄｉnｇｌeｔteｒonAnswerＳｈeeｔ2ｗiｔhaｓinglelｉｎethroｕghthecentrｅ．PasｓageOneQueｓｔions56ｔｏ６0aｒｅｂaｓedonthefｏｌlowｉnｇpaｓｓaｇe．ＮｅwYorkerｓaregｒaduaｌlｙgettingusedtｏmｏｒepedａlingpａssengersoｎthoseblａzinｇbｌuｅCｉｔiBｉkes．Buｔwhａt(yī)aboutloｃalｂiｋｅshops?IsＣitiBikerollingupｒiｄerｓaｔｔheiｒexpｅnse?AtGothamBiｋesinＴribeca,ａmanagｅrｗhｏgavehisnａmeas“BenW．”saidｔheshopｈassｅe(cuò)naninｃrｅａseinｉtｓovｅralｌsaｌesｄuｅtotｈebike-sｈarｅｐｒoｇrａm.“It’sgettｉngｍorｅpeｏplｅoｎthｅroａd,morepeoplｅｌearniｎgａbouttheｓportandgｅttinginｖolveｄ,”hesaid．Anｅmployｅe(cuò)aｔDａnny’sCｙclesinGramercysaiｄCｉtiBikｅisaｇoodｏｐtioｎforｐｅoplｅtｏｅaseｉntｏbikinginａciｔyｆamedｆoritsvehiculａｒconｇestｉonandaｇgressiveｄrivｅrs．“Thｅｙcaｎｔryouｔabｉkewithoutcｏmmittｉngtobｕyｉngoｎe，”ＪamesＲyaｎsaid．ＲentalsarenｏtaｂｉgｐaｒtoftｈebuｓｉnｅｓsateiｔherＧoｔhamＢikesｏrDanny’sCycles.ButforＦｒａｎk’ｓBiｋeShop,asmaｌlbusｉnesｓthathasbeenａt(yī)iｔscurｒentLｏwerEasｔSideｌocaｔｉｏnonGrandSt．sinｃe１976,thｅbike-shａreｐrｏgｒａmｈaｓbeenbadneｗs.OwｎerFｒankＡrｒoyoｓａidｔhathiｓrenｔaｌbusinesｓhasdecreａseｄｂｙ90percentsｉｎcetheCiｔiBｉkesｗeｒerolｌｅdoｕtlaｓtmonｔh.Ｈｏwｅvｅr,Benｓaidtｈebike－shaｒｅisgoodfoｒｂikesalesａt(yī)hｉssｈop.“Peoplehaveｕsｅdthebｉke-sｈareandrealizeｄhowgrｅａｔitｉstobikeintｈｅciｔy,thenｄecｉｄethattｈｅywａｎtsｏmethingｎicerｆｏrthemｓｅlveｓ,”ｈｅnｏtｅｄ．ＣhｒistｉanＦarreｌlofWaｔerｆrｏntBicyclｅShop,oｎWesｔＳt.jusｔnｏrthofＣｈｒｉstopｈerSt.,sａidinｉtiallyhｅwａsconcｅrneｄaｂoutbiｋｅ-shaｒe,tｈouｇｈ,heａdmitted,“Ｉwashaｐｐyｔoｓeepeoｐleｏnbikes.”Farrelｌ’ｓearlｙconｃernswereｅchｏｅdbyＡndrewCrooｋs,owneroｆＮYCVeｌｏ,at6４SeｃｏndＡｖe．“Itseemedlｉkｅaｇreatideａ,butoneｔｈatｗouldbｅdｉfficulttoimplemeｎt,”CｒｏoksｓａｉdofCitｉBiｋｅ.Hｅsaiｄhｅworrｉｅdaｂoutiｎexpｅｒｉenｃeｄｒideｒs’lacｋofaｗａrenessｏfbikｉngrulesandｂａcklａsｈｆromnon-cyｃlistｓ.Howevｅr，hesaiｄ,it’sstillｔoｏearlyｔotｅlliｆhiｓbuｓｉnesshasbeeｎiｍpactｅd.Ｗｈileit’spｏssiblebikｅ-sｈarewilｌｃauｓeａdropinbusｉｎessintｈelongrｕn,Crooksaｌlowedthaｔｔheidea,asaｗhole,ｉsgoｏdfｏrtheciｔy.56.Ｗhatisｔheａｕｔhoｒ'schiefconｃerｎａbｏutthｅinｃｒeasｉｎｇuseofCiｔｉBｉｋesｉｎＮeｗYｏrk?A）Hownｏn－cｙclisｔｓwillreｓponｄｔoit．B)whｅtｈerlocalｂｉkeshoｐｓwillsufｆｅｒＣ）WhethｅrlocalbikebuｓｉnesｓesｗｉｌｌｏpｐoseｉtD)Ｈowthesafetyofbikerideｒscａnbeｅnsurｅd．57WhatｈａｐpenedｔoGoｔｈａmBiｋesaｓaresultofthebikｅ-shaｒepｒogram？A)Itfoｕｎdiｔｓbｉｋｅｓaｌesunａｆfeｃted．B）Itshifteｄitsbusineｓｓtorentaｌｓ.C)ItsawiｔsbikeｓalesｏnthｅｒiseD)Ｉtrentedmorｅbikeｓtoｔoｕrｉsts．58.Whｙistheｂikｅ-ｓhareｐrｏgrambaｄnｅwsforFrank'ｓBikeShoｐ?A）Itcaｎnotmeettｈｅdｅmａｎｄｏfthｅbike—sｈareprｏgrａｍ．Ｂ）ＩｔscustomeｒｓhavebeeｎdraｗnawaｙbyCitｉBikｅｓ．C)Iｔsbiｋepriceshavｅtobelｏweｒedａｇainａndagaｉn.D)Ithastocomｐeｔewitｈthecity’sbikerentalshopｓ.59．WhｙdｉdAｎｄrewＣrooｋsｔhinkｔhａt(yī)thebiｋe—shareprogrａmｗｏuldbedｉｆｆiｃｕｌｔtoexecute?A）inexperiｅncｅｄriｄersmｉgｈtbｒｅakbｉｋingrules．B)Cｏｎflｉctsｍighｔａriseａｍongbiｋerｅnｔaｌshoｐｓ.C)Trafficｃｏnditionsmightworseninｔhedowntoｗnarea．D)Thｅｒeａreｎoｔenoughｌanｅstoaccommoｄatｅtｈｅｂiｋｅs．６0WhatisthegeｎｅralａｔtiｔudeoflｏcａlｂｉｋeshopstowardsCitiＢｉke？Ａ）Waiｔ-and-seｅ.B)Ｎｅgａt(yī)ive．C）IndiffeｒentD）Ａpｐroviｎg.PaｓｓageTwoＱｕeｓtions６1ｔo65aｒｅbａsedonthefollowiｎgpassａgｅ.Variousstudieshaveｓhownthaｔincreasｅdｓpenｄingoｎeducａｔiｏｎｈasｎotlｅdtoｍeaｓurａblｅimprｏveｍentｓinlearｎｉng．Bｅｔwｅe(cuò)n198０and20２３．ｓtaｆｆaｎｄtｅachｅrsａt(yī)U.Ｓ.pubｌicschoolsgｒeｗrougｈlyｔｗｉceaｓfasｔasstudentｓ.Yetstudｅｎtsｓhｏｗｅdnoaｄditionaｌleａｒningiｎachｉevemeｎｔtesｔｓ.Uｎiｖersitiesshｏwsimilarｔreｎｄsofiｎｃreａsｅdadminiｓtｒａt(yī)ionpｅrsonnelandcostswｉthｏuｔｇreateｒｌeａrｎinｇ,aｓdoｃumeｎteｄinRｉchardＡrumanｄＪosｉpaRｏksａ'srｅｃentbｏokAcadｅｍicalｌyAdriftLｉmitｅdLearninｇｏnCｏllｅgeCampｕses.Aｓｕrvｅyshoｗｓthat6３％oｆeｍpｌoyerssａythatrｅｃeｎtcoｌlegeｇraｄuaｔesdon'thaveｔheskｉｌlstｈｅｙｎeedtoｓuccｅe(cuò)ｄａｎd25％ofｅmployｅrssayｔhateｎｔry-ｌeｖelｗritiｎgskilｌsarelａckｉng.Sｏmesimplisｔicallyattｒｉbuteｔhｅｄｅcｌｉneiｎourpubｌiceduｃatｉonsystemtｏthedｒaiｎｏfthｅsｋｉｌledstuｄenｔsbypriｖateｓchooｌｓ,ｂuｔfarmoresｉｇｎiｆicａnteventｓwereatwｏrk.Pubｌicschoolswｏrkedwellｕｎtiｌaboutｔhe1９７０ｓ.Infaｃｔ,uｎtiltｈaｔtime,pubｌicschｏolspｒovidedfarｂettｅcaｔｉoｎthanprivaｔeoneｓ.Itwａｓｔheｕnderｐerｆoｒminｇstudｅｎtswhｏwerethrｅwouｔofpuｂｌｉｃschｏolsaｎdｗenttoｐrivａｔｅｏnes.Apromｉnentｒeasonpuｂliｃｓchoolｓｄｉｄweｌlｗasｔhatmaｎyhiｇｈlyqualifｉｅdｗomｅnhadfｅwｏptionsｆoｒwoｒkingoｕｔｓidetheｈouｓeothｅrtｈaｎｂeingtｅacｈersornｕrsｅs．Tｈeyａcceptedｒｅlatiｖelylowpaｙ,difｆｉｃulｔworkｉnｇcoｎdiｔionｓ,anｄgａｖｅtheiｒveｒyｂest.Ｈavingsuchalaｒgesupplyoftaleｎｔedwomeｎｔｅachｅrｓmeanｔthatｓocietｙｃouldpaｙleｓsｆortｈeｉｒｓerviｃes.Womｅn'sliｂeｒａt(yī)ｉoｎｏpｅnedupnewpｒoｆessionalopｐｏｒtunｉｔiｅｓｆorwomeｎ,and,ｏveｒtimｅ,sｏmeｏｆｔｈebesｔｌeｆtteａcｈingasａｃaｒeｅroption,brｉngingabouｔagraduａlｄeｃliｎeinthequ