遼寧省鳳城市沙里寨九年級(jí)下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)模擬試卷

第15頁(yè)2023年中考英語(yǔ)模擬試卷答題時(shí)間：120分鐘試卷總分值：150分III．IIIv.IVVVIVIIVIIIIXX總分聽(tīng)力局部〔20分〕(A).聽(tīng)句子，寫(xiě)出句子中所包含的信息〔每題一分，共5分〕1.A.lazyB.easyC.busy2.A.892B.829C.9823.A.careforB.askforC.callfor4.A.Brucedidn’tdoanythingyesterdayevening.B.BrucewatchedTVyesterdayevening.C.Brucelistenedtotheradioyesterdayevening.A.MyunclecanspeakbothJapaneseandEnglish.B.MyunclecanspeakeitherJapaneseorEnglish.C.MyunclecanspeakneitherJapanesenorEnglish.(B)．聽(tīng)句子，選出該句的最正確答語(yǔ)?！裁款}一分，共5分〕A.It’snoneofyourbusiness.B.Goodidea.C.Ihopenot.A.Certainlynot.Goahead.B.It’smypleasure.C.Comeon.8.A.Don’tworry.B.Congratulations!C.Goodluck!9.A.I’mOK.B.You’rewelcome.C.It’sverykindofyou.10.A.You’relazy.B.You’dbetterworkerharder.C.WhynotjoinanEnglishclub?(C).聽(tīng)對(duì)話和問(wèn)題，選擇正確答案?！裁款}一分，共5分〕11.A.Onfoot.B.Bycar.C.Bybike.12.A.InthebookshopB.Inthepostoffice.C.Inthelibrary.13.A.TotakethetemperatureB.totakethemedicinefourtimesaday.C.Todrinkmorewater.14.A.HowtofindMissBlack.B.Howtogettohospital.C.Howtolearnwell.15.A.Inthehospital.B.Intheschool.C.Inthestreet.(D).聽(tīng)短文和問(wèn)題，選擇正確答案。〔每題一分，共5分〕16.A.103-6250.B.103-6215.C.106-3215.17.A.Three.B.Two.C.One.18.A.At10:00tomorrowmorning.B.At5:20thisafternoon.C.At5:20tomorrowafternoon.19.HowmanypeopledieofsmokinginChinaeveryday?A.About2023.B.About2500.C.About3000.20.Howlonghasthespeaker’sfathertriedtogiveupsmoking?A.For5years.B.For9years.C.For10years.筆試局部〔130分)II．單項(xiàng)選擇〔從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。每題1分，共20分〕()21.—Howlonghashe_____fromAmerica?—Foreightdays.A．left B.beenaway C.beaway D.leave()22.________doesLucylearnnewwords?Bymakingwordcards.A．WhenB.WhatC.HowD.Why()23.________isdifficultforsuchayoungchildtodresshimself.A．ThisB.ThatC.ItD.What()24.Iwonder_________therewillbeasoccermatchonCCTV5tonight.A.thatB.ifC.whereD.when()25.AsMaryseeswordsshedoesn’tunderstandinabook,shealways________inadictionary.A.looksthemthroughB.looksthroughthemC.looksthemupD.looksupthem()26.Idon’tknowwhyyourEnglishgradesarealwaysverygood.Letmetellyou.________youwork,______resultsyouwillget.A．Theharder;thebestB.Thehard;thegoodC.Harder;betterD.Theharder;thebetter()27.Thetrafficinthecity_____beterrible,butnowithasimprovedalot.Ithinkyouwill_____itsoon.A.useto;usetoB.getusedto;usedtoC.usedto;getusedto D.getusedto;useto(〕28.Ilikemusic_____Icandanceto.A.whatB.whoC.whenD.that〔〕29.It'ssokindofyoutogivemearidetothestation.___________________________________.A.Itdoesn'tmatter B.NevermindC.Don'tmentionitD.Mypleasure〔〕30.IntheUnitedStates，F(xiàn)ather'sDayfallson______thirdSundayin______June.A．the；/ B．the；a C．a(chǎn)；theD.a;/〔〕3１. Mr.Liisverystrict_____hisstudentsandheisalsostrict_________hiswork.A.in;with B.with;in C.to;with D.with;to〔〕32. Themotherdidallkindsofthingstomakeherbaby____________.

. A.tostopcryingB.stopcryingC.tostoptocryD.stoptocry〔〕33. Idon'tthinksixteen-year-oldsshould____________togotonetbars. A.allow B.beallowing C.allowed D.beallowed〔〕34. Don'tworry.Annais____________todriveacar. A.calmenoughB.enoughcalmC.enoughtocalmD.calmtoenough〔〕35.Myfatherhas____toBeijingtwice.A.beenB.goneC.gotD.come〔〕36.____fineweather!A.HowaB.WhataC.HowD.What〔〕37. Dad,mustIpractisethepianotoday? No,you____________

.Youmaydoittomorrow. A.shouldn't B.mustn't C.needn't D.can't〔〕38.Kateis________girl.She’sveryhappyatschool.A.aeighteen-year-oldB.aneighteen-year-oldC.aneighteen-years-oldD.aeightyearsold〔〕39..Thoughheis____athome,hedoesn’tfeel____hehasmanythingstodo.A.alone;lonelyB.lonely;aloneC.alone;aloneD.lonely;lonely〔〕40.Mr.BLACKteaches_______English.A.myB.meC.ID.mineIII.完形填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最正確答案。〔每題1分，共10分〕LanternFestival〔元宵節(jié)〕LanternFestivalisaChina'straditionalfestival.Itiscelebrated41thefifteenthdayofthefirstmonthofthelunaryear.LanternFestivalisoneof42holidaysinChina.SeveraldaysbeforeLanternFestival,peoplebegintomakelantern.Lanternsaremadeintheshapeofdifferentanimals,vegetables,fruitsandmanyotherthings.While43lanterns,peopleusuallywriteriddles(謎語(yǔ))onlanterns.OntheeveofLanternFestival,allthelanternsarehungup.OnLanternFestivalpeoplegooutsidetohavealookatthelanternsand44theriddlesonthelanterns.Everythingisveryinterestingandeveryoneisveryhappy.TheMid-AutumnDay(中秋節(jié))August15thinChineseLunarCalendar(陰歷年)istheMid-AutumnDay.ItisoneofthemostimportanttraditionalfestivalsinChina.Onthatdaypeopleusuallygobackhometohavefamilyreunion(團(tuán)聚).Eachfamilywillhavethemembersgettogethertohaveabigdinner.Themostpopularfoodismooncakes.Theyareroundand45themoon.ThemoonisthebrightestontheMid-Autumnnight.People46favoritefruitsanddesertsintheiryard.Peopleeatthedeliciousfoodwhilethey47abeautifulfullmooninthesky.

Atthistime,someoldpeoplewouldliketotellmanypasteventsandtellthechildrenastoryabouttheChang’eandtherabbit.Thechildrenreally48thattherewasarabbitonthemoon.Theywanttogotothemoonandhavealook49.50greatfestival!41.A.atB.inC.onD.for42.A.bigB.biggerC.thebiggestD.biggest43.A.makingB.makeC.doingD.todo44.A.lookB.readC.lookforD.guess45.A.lookB.seemsC.looklikeD.soundslike46.A.calloutB.putonC.layoutD.turnon47.A.wereenjoyingB.areenjoyingC.admiredD.wereadmired48.A.seeB.believeC.hearD.sure49.A.somedaysB.sometimesC.infutureD.oneday50.A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.HowaIV.閱讀理解閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確答案?！裁款}1分，共20分〕AThursdayJan30,2023Day1HomeGroup(8:10AM-8:18AM)Class1(8:18AM-9:05AM)Room103BEnglishMrsSmithClass2(9:05AM-9:25AM)Room103BEnglishMrsSmithRest(9:52AM-10:17AM)Class3(10:17AM-11:06AM)Room99EHistoryMrBrownClass4(11:27AM-12:16PM)Room100GScienceMrsSparkLunch(12:16PM-1:17PM)Class5(1:17AM-2:06PM)Room103AMathMrSmithClass6(2:o6PM-2:55PM)Room103AMathMrSmithEditSemestersetup51.Whenwillthefirstclassstart?A.8:10AMB.8:18AMC.9:05AMD.9:52AM52.TherestbetweenClass2andClass3willlast______.A.25minutesB.HalfanhourC.ThreequarterD.Anhour53.WehavetogotoRoom______tohavethescienceclass.A.103BB.103AC.100GD.99E54.Theteacherofthemathclassis______.A.MrsSmithB.MrBrownC.MrsSparkD.MrSmith55.Whatcanweknowfromthepicture?A.Thereisnolunchtimeforthestudents.B.Thehistoryclasstakesmoretimethanthescienceclass.C.Studentswillhavefoursubjectsthatday.D.StudentswillhavetheEnglishclassandmathclassinthesameroom.BChinaYouthsaysthatmoreandmoregirlstudentshaveenteredcollegestostudyintherecentfewyears.Asweknow,oncethenumberofboyswaslargerthanthatofgirls,andboysdidmuchbetterthangirlsinourcountryforalongtime.Now,thingshavechangedalot.Inrecentyears,theproportionofgirlstudentsisgrowingfast.In2023,about39.7%ofcollegestudentsweregirls.In2023,itwas41.07%andin2023,thenumberwas42.14%.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.Firstly,thereislittledifferencebetweenboysandgirlsintheirintelligence(智力).That’stosay,girlsareascleverasboys.Andboyshavemoreintereststhangirls,sotheymaynotalwaysdowellintheirstudy.Secondly,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Theyworkharderatschoolandtheydobetterinallexams.Anotherreasonisthatwiththedevelopmentofsociety,peoplepaymoreandmoreattentiontogirls’education.56.ChinaYouthsaysthatmoreandmore______.A.boysarecleverthangirlsB.boyscan’tgotoschoolC.girlshaveenteredcollegesD.girlsbegintostudyatschool57.42.14%refersto(指)thenumberof______.A.girlsatschoolsin2023B.girlsincollegesin2023C.boysatschoolsin2023D.boysincollegesin202358.Thewritergaveus______reasonstoexplainthequestion.A.two B.three C.four D.five59.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“proportion〞meaninChinese?A.身高B.比例C.特性D.速度60.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUE?A.Boysmaynotdowellintheirstudyasgirlsbecausetheydon’tlikestudying.B.Boysaremuchclevererthangirlsbecausethey’reinterestedinmanythings.C.Girls’intelligenceisthesameasboys’.D.Girlsstudyharder,buttheycouldn’tgethighermarksthanboysCOnelittlemiracle(奇跡)hasbeenhappeningtomerecently,anditgivesmeaspecialjoy.Afewmonthsago,Iwastellingmydaughter,Sally,somestoriesaboutmymother.Mydaughterwassoyoungwhenmymotherdiedthatshedoesn’trememberherwell.ItoldherallIcouldremember,likehowwonderfulmymotherwasandhowmuchshemeanttome.Oneday,Sallywassadbecausehergrandmotherwasinheaven(天堂)andshecouldn’tseeher.Iexplainedthatthoughhergrandmotherwasdead,nowshewasstillwatchingoverusandcouldsendussomethingtoletusknowshewasthere.Shecouldbeanywhere,evenridinginvisibly(看不見(jiàn)地)onthebackofabutterfly(蝴蝶).JustafterIsaidthis,abutterflyflewdownrightbyus,andwelaughedhappily.Nowmanypeoplewouldsayitwasjustluckthatthebutterflyflewdownatthattime.Afunnything,however,hashappenedsincethen.EverytimeIgooutinanytypeofweatherIseebutterflies.Veryoftentheyflyrightbymyfacetogetmyattention.IalwayssayhitoMom,sendhermylove,andthankGodforlittlemiracles(奇跡).Everyoneisalwayslookingforsomebigmiraclestocomeoutandsavethemwhentheyareintrouble,buttheydon’tnoticethelittlemiraclesthathappeneverydayrightinfrontoftheireyes.Iknowwhattheyreallyare,however.Formelittlemiraclesarethebestkind.SomanylittlemiracleshappenaroundmeallthetimethatIknowtheyarenotjustluck.61.Whenhergrandmotherdied,Sallywas.A.atschoolB.quiteyoung C.introubleD.notathome62.OnedaySallywassadbecause.A.hermothertoldherasadstoryB.shearguedwithhergrandmother C.shecouldn’tseehergrandmother D.hergrandmothersenthernothingspecial63.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they〞r(shí)eferto(指代)?A.Everyone. B.Butterflies.C.Grandparents.D.Littlemiracles.64.WhatisthelittlemiraclethathasbeenhappeningtoSally’smom?A.Shehasawonderfultimewithherdaughter. B.Sheseesbutterflieseverytimeshegoesout. C.Shecanmakeherdaughterlaughhappilyeveryday.D.Sheoftenseeshermotherrideonthebackofabutterfly.65.WhichcanbetheBESTtitle(標(biāo)題)forthispassage?A.ButterfliesandmiraclesB.Sally’sgrandmotherC.Miraclesarenowhere D.AfunnythinghappenedtoSallyDOnedayhewentonalongwayalone.Beforehelefthome，hiswifesaid，Nowyouhaveallthesethings.Youneedthemonyourway.Takecareofyourthingsontheway.Hewenttothestation.Heboughtaticketandgotonthetrainwithit.Aboutanhourlater，theconductorbegantoseethetickets.Hecametotheoldmanandsaid，Willyoupleaseshowmeyourticket?Theoldmanlookedforhisticketinallhispocketsbuthecouldnotfindit.Hewasveryworried.Icantfindmyticket.IreallyboughtaticketbeforeIgotonthetrain，saidtheoldman.Ithinkyouareright.Ibelieveyouboughtaticket.Allright，youdon’thavetobuyanotherticket，saidtheconductorkindly.Buttheoldmanstill(仍然)lookedworriedandsaidsadly，Youdon’tknowwhyI’mworried.IfIdon’tfindmyticket，Icantremembermystation.WhereamIgoing?66.Theoldmanboughtaticket_______.A.afterhegotonthetrainB.beforehegotonthetrainC.whentheconductortoldhimtobuyoneD.whenhefoundhehadnoticketwithhim67.Aboutanhourlater，theconductorbegan_______.A.tobuytheticketsB.tolookfortheticketsC.tocheck(檢查)theticketsD.toshowthetickets68.Theconductortoldtheoldmanthathedidn’tneedtobuyanotherticketbecause_________.A.themanwasveryoldB.hethoughttheoldmanhadnomoneywithhimC.theoldmanshowedhimtheticketD.hebelievedtheoldman69.Theoldmanstilllookedworriedbecause_________.A.hecouldn’tgetonthetrain.B.helosthisticketandalotofmoneyC.hethoughthiswifewouldgetangrywithhimD.heforgotwherehewasgoing70.Whichofthefollowingisright?A.TheoldmanwentonthetripwithhiswifeB.Theoldmandidn’tfindhisticketC.TheconductorwasalsoanoldmanD.Theoldmanhadtobuyanotherticketv.情景反響從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)補(bǔ)全對(duì)話。將其字母標(biāo)號(hào)填入答題處適當(dāng)位置?！裁款}1分，共5分〕A:Lovelyday,isn’tit?B:71___________A:You’renotJapanese,areyou?B:72____________A:WhendidyoubegintolearnEnglish?B:Threeyearsago.A:Threeyearsago?Wow.73___________B:Ican’tsaymuch.Thereisstillalotformetolearn.A:74___________B:Foranothertwomonths.ThenI’llhavetogobacktoChinatostartwork.A:AdaughterofminewenttoChinalastyear.B:Really?75___________A:Shemustlikeitalot,becauseshe’sstillthere.A.Howlongareyougoingtostayinthiscountry?B.WhatdidshethinkofChina?C.Oh,yes,beautifulday.D.YourEnglishissogood.E.No,I’mfromChina.F.Yes,Iam.G.No,I’mnot.VI.補(bǔ)全對(duì)話在下面對(duì)話中的空白處填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~、短語(yǔ)或句子補(bǔ)全對(duì)話〔5分〕A:________76______________________________?B:Yes.I’mlookingforacoat.A:Wehavemanykindsofnicecoats._______77_____________________________________/B:SizeL.A:________________78_______________________?B:Ipreferblack.A:I’msorrywehaven’tgotanyblackcoatsinthatsize.Howaboutablueoneoragreenone?B:Ablueone,please.CanItryiton?A:________79_______________.B:Itlooksniceonme.I’lltakeit.____80_______________?A:It’s80yuan.B:Hereisthemoney.A:Thanks.VII.短文填空根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~并用其正確的形式填空，使短文完整正確?！裁總€(gè)詞只能用一次，有兩個(gè)多余詞，共10分〕(hewritenicegivetakewarmmeanscarydiespendandname)AChristmasCarolisafamousnovel81byCharlesDickens.IttellsusthetruemeaningofChristmas:theimportanceofsharingand82loveandjoytopeoplearoundus.Thestoryisaboutanoldman83Scroogwhoneverlaughsorsmiles.Heismeanandonlythinksabout84,anddoesn’ttreatothers85.Hejustcaresaboutwhetherhecanmakemoremoney.AndhehatesChristmas.OneChristmasEve,ScroogeseesMarleywaspunishedafterhe86.Thatnight,threespiritsvisitScrooge.Theytakehimtoseehishappierchildhood,howhappilyothersare87Christmasthisyearandhissadfuture.Scroogeisso88thathewakesupandfindsoutitisalreadythenextmorningChristmasDay!Hechangeshislifeandbecomesabetterperson.Henowtreatseveryonewithkindnessand89,spreadingloveandjoyeverywherehegoes.Andthatisthetrue90ofChristmas!vIII.任務(wù)型閱讀〔20分〕(A)閱讀答復(fù)以下問(wèn)題〔10分〕Youngchildrendon'thavetheskillsorknowledgetostaysafeinheavytraffic.Thefollowingtips(忠告)willbehelpfulforyoutokeepyourchildrensafeinheavytraffic.Childrenlearnaboutroadsafetybywatchingothers.Asparents,makesurethatyoualwayssetgoodexamples.Yourchildrenwillfollowyouandthinkit'sOKtodolikeyou.Teachyourchildrentopayattentiontotrafficlightswhenyoucrosstheroadtogetherwiththem.Thishelpsthemunderstandwhenit'ssafetocross.Makesurethatyouwalkbetweenyourchildrenandtraffic,andholdtheirhandsallthetime.Whenyourchildrenarealittleolder,youcanstarttotellthemtheimportanceoftrafficknowledge.Letthemstarttounderstandthereasonswhytheyneedtobesocareful.Talkwiththemaboutroadsignsandtrafficrules.Askyourchildrentoplayinasafeplace.Neverletthemridebikesontheroadwithoutanadultpresentatrushhour.Themostimportantthingyoucandoistokeepyourchildrenfromgettinghurt,soparentsencouragethemtofollowtrafficrules.Afterknowingabouttrafficrules,they'llvolunteertoobeythem.Inthisway,they'llbecarefulenoughtokeepthemselvesawayfromdanger.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成以下小題。91.Doyoungchildrenknowhowtostaysafeinheavytraffic?92.Whoshouldsetgoodexamplestoyoungchildrenontheroad?93.Whendoyoungchildrenneverridetheirbikesaloneontheroad?94.Whenwillchildrenvolunteertoobeytrafficrules?95.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?(B)請(qǐng)閱讀下面這篇文章，根據(jù)所提供的信息，完成信息卡?！?0分〕Wespoketothreestudentsfromaroundtheworldaboutdifferentnationalholidays.Therearedifferentcustoms(習(xí)俗)foreachfestival.TanXiaodong,15,HongKong,China“It'llsoonbeChineseNewYear.Beforeit,we'llcleanthehouseanddecorateitforgoodluck.Everyshopisgoingtocloseforafewdaysandwe'llgooutalottocelebrateinthestreets.Wemightgoandseethelionanddragondancesinthecitycenter.Ilovethisfestival.〞Wendy,16,Sydney,Australia“AustraliaDayison26thJanuaryandit'sanimportantholidayhere.WealwayshaveaMondayoff,sowecelebrateforthreedays.MyparentsandIgotothecountrysideforapicnicandfriendsalwayscomeover.Manypeoplegotobeachpartiesorstreetpartiesandthere'slotsofmusicanddancing.Whatfun！〞Amy,14,NewYork,USA“ThefirstThanksgivingDaywashundredsofyearsagowhenEuropeanswhocametoAmericathankedGodforhishelp.It'sstillaveryimportantdayforfamiliestobetogether.Thisyearwe'regoingtovisitmygrandparentsandwe'lleatadeliciousmealofturkey.ThanksgivingDayisonthefourthThursdayinNovembereveryyear.〞InformationCardThenumberoffestivalstoldaboutinthepassage96________.TanXiaodongDuringtheChineseNewYear,touristscansee97________.WendyOnAustraliaday,familiesoftenhaveameal98________.AmyOnThanksgivingDay,familiesgettogetherandeatamealof99________.WhatwecanlearnfromthepassageDifferentfestivalshave100________.IX.句子翻譯〔共20分，101-106小題每題1分，107-113每題2分〕根據(jù)所給中文完成句子翻譯。101.我不知道學(xué)習(xí)的秘訣。Idon'tknow______________languagelearning．102．.我沒(méi)有寫(xiě)字用的鋼筆。Ihavenopens______________．103.我不想讓我的父母失望。Idon’twantto_____myparents____．104.在我回家的路上，我遇到了我的一位老朋友。_________________,Imetanoldfriendofmine.105.泉城公園是一個(gè)很好玩的地方。QuanchengParkisagoodplace______________________________.106.你能告訴我怎樣到達(dá)郵局嗎?Canyoupleasetellme_____________________thepostoffice?107.中國(guó)的人口是多少？我喜歡老實(shí)的人。109.湯姆寧愿去游泳而不愿看電視。110.用筷子指著別人是不禮貌的。111.這本書(shū)屬于凱特。.閱讀下面短文，把下面劃線局部的句子翻譯成中文Onceweclimbedaveryhighmountain.ItwassochallengingformebecauseIwasonlytenyearsold.Duringthefirstfewhoursofclimbing,Ienjoyedtheflowersandtrees,andthebirds'singing.Butastimepassed,Igotapaininbothofmylegs.Iwantedtoquitclimbing,butmyfathersaidtome,〔112〕“Youcanalwaysseeabeautifulskyatthetopofthemountain,butyoucan'tseeitbeforeyoureachthetop.Onlytherecanyouseeallofthenicethings,whichisjustlikeyourlife.〞〔113〕Atthattime,Iwastooyoungtounderstandhiswords.Butlaterafterthat,Igottoknowthemeaningofhopeinlife.Ifoundmyselfstandingatthetopofthemountain,andtheskywasasclearascrystal.112.113.X.書(shū)面表達(dá)〔20分〕114.小作文〔5分〕教師節(jié)就要到了，請(qǐng)你給教數(shù)學(xué)的董老師寫(xiě)一張賀卡，感謝她將你教得這樣好，并祝她節(jié)日快樂(lè)，身體健康〔30個(gè)詞左右〕_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________115.大作文請(qǐng)你根據(jù)表格內(nèi)容以“LiHua’sChanges〞寫(xiě)一篇關(guān)于李華的短文，倡導(dǎo)大家都向李華同學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。要求：語(yǔ)句通順，語(yǔ)法正確，字?jǐn)?shù)80詞左右。過(guò)去表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在表現(xiàn)經(jīng)常上學(xué)遲到準(zhǔn)時(shí)到校亂扔垃圾幫助清潔校園放學(xué)后經(jīng)常玩電腦游戲直接回家?guī)椭改缸黾覄?wù)經(jīng)常不完成作業(yè)上課認(rèn)真，作業(yè)認(rèn)真不愛(ài)和同學(xué)說(shuō)話外向，有了很多朋友LiHua’sChanges______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________