2023屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三一模英語試題

10/2109/21/2023屆上海市奉賢區(qū)高三一模英語試題一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.GrayHairCanReturntoItsOriginalColorFew?signs?ofoldageareclearerthan?thesightof?grayhair.____1____wegrowolder,our?strandsofhair?losetheiryouthfulcolor.Althoughthismayseemlikeapermanentchange,newresearch?reveals?thatgrayhairs____2____?miraculously?regaincolor—atleasttemporarily.Inone1972paper,the?late?doctor?StanleyComaishreportedanisolatedcaseofa38-year-oldman,withhisthreestrands____3____(be)lightneartheendsbutdarkneartheroots.Thissignaledareversalinthenormalgrayingprocess,____4____beginsattheroot.AnewstudyfromresearchersatColumbiaUniversityisthefirst____5____(offer)quantitativeevidencelinkingpsychologicalstresstograyinghairinpeople.Havinganalyzedindividualhairsfrom14volunteers,researcherscomparedtheresultswitheachvolunteer’sstressdiary,inwhichindividuals’reviewoftheircalendarsandeachweek’slevelofstressratedareincluded.Whenhairswerealignedwith(與……對照)stressdiaries,strikingassociationsbetweenstressandhairgraying____6____(reveal)and,insomecases,therewasareversalofgrayingwhenstresswasremoved.Therewasoneindividualwhowentonalongvacation,andfivehairsonthatperson’sheadreturnedbacktodarkduringthevacation.Althoughitmayseemeasytounderstand____7____stresscanspeedupgraying,theresearchersweresurprisedtodiscoverthathaircolorcanberestoredwhenstressiseased.Wecouldpicturehairasapowerfultooltoassesstheeffectsof____8____(early)lifeeventsonaging—becausehairprovidesakindofphysicalrecordofpastevents,much____9____theringsofatree.It’sprettyclearthatthehairencodespartofyourbiologicalhistoryinsomeway.Hairgrowsoutofthebody,andthenitcrystallizesinto_____10_____hardandstablethatholdsthememoryofyourpast.二、選用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語補全短文Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．lonely????B．convey????C．touches????D．inconvenience????E.widely????F.accompanyingG.composition????H.captures????I.abandon????J.sensory????K.wearing????AnInnovativePainterAlanisapioneeringpainter,workingwithoilpaintoncanvasinatraditionalway.Itisonlyinhisuseofpaintthathediffersfromtheusualpracticeofusingbrushes.Althoughhedoesuseabrushtodrawthemainlinesofhis____11____,heusespaintingknivestoapplythepaint.Earlyonhefoundthatpaintlaidonwithpaintingknivesgavehimtheparticularbodyandtexture(質(zhì)地)hewantedto____12____hissubjects.Theknifeiscapableofanenormousvarietyofmarks,fromdelicate____13____tofiercesweepingandslicesofpaint.Theknife’ssharpedgedmarkscreatetheirowndynamicoflightandshade.Alanpossessesmanypaintingknivesofdifferentsizes,buttendstofavourthreeorfour,whicharenow____14____thinwithconstantuse.Heisstilldiscoveringnewpossibilitieswiththeknife,drivenbythedemandsofanewsubject.AlthoughAlan’spaintingsaremadeinthestudio,theyareallcomposedfromdrawingsmadeoutdoors.Thesedrawingsaretheseedcornonwhichallhispaintingsarebased.Themarksthatgodownonpapermakesurehe____15____notjusttheactualscenebutalsothechanginglight,thedirectionofthewindandthe____16____soundsandsmells.Forthepainter,thewhole____17____experienceremainsfixedwithinthedrawinglongafterhehasleftthescene.ThroughouthislifeAlanhastravelled____18____forparticularplacesthatfuelhiscreativeimagination.Heisanadventurousseeker,regardlessofthe____19____ordifficultyofsomeofthelocations.Longagohedecidedto____20____theideaofworkingonlargeoilpaintingsoutofdoorsbecauseitinvolvedcanvases,oilpaintsandmanyothertoolsaround.Henowtravelslight,takingonlysketchbooks,pensandafewwatercolourswithhim.Thisgiveshimthefreedomtodrawanywhereandtocatchthefleetingmoment—the“here-and-now-ness”oftheplace.三、完形填空Beeshaveevolvedtobeskilledlivingbuildersthatcanbuildthingsmanytimestheirsize.BeesinspiredMirkoKovac,aroboticisttodevelopawaytoimprovetheflexibilityof3Dprinting.A____21____3Dprinterislimitedbytherangeofitsnozzle(噴嘴),andcanonlymakeobjectssmallerthanitself.DrKovac’steamhasremovedthe____22____bygivingtheprinternozzlewings.InthelatesteditionofNature,DrKovacdescribesasystemofflyingrobotsthatiscomposedoftwotypesofdrones:buildersandscanners.Thebuilderscarrythe3D-printingnozzle.Thescannersarerobotsequippedwithcamerasthatare____23____formonitoringtheprogressofthebuilders.Inthebuildingprocess,buildersandscannerscarryouttheirrespectivetasksand____24____printingandadjusting,layerbylayer,untilastructureiscomplete.First,abuilderkeepsflyingoveritsareaofoperationandbeginstoreleaseajetofthebuildingmaterial.Thechoiceofmaterialisimportant—itmustbelightweightenoughforthedronestocarrybut____25____enoughtoholdthefollowinglayersthatwillbebuiltontop.Oncethebuilderrobothasreleasedalayerofmaterial,thescannerrobotfliesoverand____26____theprogress.Thesystemthencomputesthenextlayerthatthebuildershouldmake,whilealsocorrectingforanyerrorthatmighthavebeendiscoveredinwhathasalreadybeenbuilt.Thesecouldbeerrorsmadebythebuilder-dronesor____27____intheexpansionofthebuildingmaterial.Atthispoint,peoplecanalsomanuallyadjusttheprocess,____28____andcorrectingcoursewherenecessary.Theresearcherstestedthesystem’s____29____bybuildingbothalargecylinder(圓柱體)andasmallcylinder.Thetaskswerenotsimple.Makingcirclesontopofothercircleswouldnothaveworked,becausetheperfectmatchrequiredinpositionwouldhavebeenimpracticaltoachieve._____30_____,thebuilderrobotprintedwindingcirclesthatinterleavedwith(交錯；嵌入)thelayersaboveandbelow,toensuremaximumstability.ThecylindersbuiltbyDrKovac’srobotssuccessfullymeettherequirementsoftheBritishbuildingcodes._____31_____theserobotshavebeenshowntobecapableofmanufacturing,DrKovacsaystheirmaintaskwillprobablybe,initially,inrepair.Becausetheflyingrobotscan,intheory,operateanywhere,theycouldfixthingsindangerousorotherwise_____32_____places.DrKovacsaysthathisrobotscouldbeusedto_____33_____andsealleaksinpipelinesorfixcracksontallbuildings.Theserobotscouldbe_____34_____toworkmorequickly,cheaplyandwithlessrisktohumans.Thinkingmorelongterm,DrKovacseesa_____35_____futureforhisconstructionrobots,buildingonthesurfacesoftheMoonorMars.ButwhatwecansayforsureisthatitwillmakeahugedifferencetoconstructiononEarth.21．A．typical B．latest C．precise D．popular22．A．part B．characteristic C．limitation D．shortage23．A．suitable B．responsible C．famous D．ready24．A．goon B．workon C．taketurns D．contributeto25．A．massive B．stable C．strong D．flexible26．A．makes B．improves C．inspects D．continues27．A．misguidance B．imbalance C．misuse D．imperfection28．A．changing B．supervising C．a(chǎn)rranging D．measuring29．A．features B．weaknesses C．capabilities D．responses30．A．Moreover B．Meanwhile C．Otherwise D．Instead31．A．Because B．While C．If D．After32．A．remote B．unavailable C．inaccessible D．deserted33．A．spot B．squeeze C．replace D．remove34．A．inquired B．intended C．expanded D．a(chǎn)ssigned35．A．vague B．demanding C．distant D．potential四、閱讀理解IfIhaveagoalinlife,itisn’ttobedrivingaRolls-Royce.It’stobegivingawaymorethan$1,000,000ayearandhavinganimpactonpeople’slives.IhavethesuccesstodaybecauseIalwayshadtoworkforwhatIwanted.Igrewupaccustomedtorisksanddisappointments,soIwasusedtomovingforward,nomatterwhat.In2008,IwenttoLosAngeleswhereItriedtogethiredasanagent,ananalystandafinancialbroker.Unfortunately,allthesedoorsslammedinmyface.Theworld’seconomywasinabadstate,soIknewIwouldhavetodoalittlespinningofmyown.Youthinvolvesacertaininnocencebutalsoperseverance.Theword“can’t”wasn’tinmyvocabulary.IpartneredwithafriendbuyingdistressedmultifamilypropertiesaroundHouston.Eventhoughwewereenthusiasticandbackedwithstart-upsums,Ididn’tmakeadealwork.Myfriendmovedontootherprojects.Alone,Iputallmymoneyintothenextreal-estateproject.Iputthetimein,Idreamedit,butonceagainthedealfellthrough.Twomonthslater,though,thedealcamebackaround.Thatwaswhenthepathopened,luckchanged,andIwasreadytoformmyowncompany.Ihaven’tlookedback.Onlyahead.I’mnowabletogivebacktocommunitiesandcauses.Idonateabout$500,000ayear,muchofthatgoingtoresearchtocurerarediseases.WealsosupportalotofservicesfordisadvantagedchildreninHoustonandotherplaces.Ihavealwaysbeensomeonewhocanseethebigpictureandhaveneverbeendistractedbythingsthatgetintheway.Therearelessonstobelearned,andthebiggestofthoseistokeepgoing.Youmayhavetochangethepath,butalwayskeepthatvisioninfrontofyou.36．Whichofthefollowingabouttheauthoristrue?A．Hedonatedalotofmoneytoimprovehiscompany’simage.B．Heoftenencountereddifficultiesintheprocessofgrowingup.C．Hestartedhisowncompanytogetherwithafriend.D．HechangedjobsseveraltimeswhileinLosAngeles.37．Bysaying“doalittlespinningofmyown”inthesecondparagraph,theauthorprobablymeanshewould_____________.A．lookforapart-timejobindependently B．makehiscontributionstotheeconomyC．giveintothedisappointingreality D．beself-employedtodevelophiscareer38．Whichqualityoftheauthorisnotshowninthepassage?A．Perseverance. B．Optimism. C．Innocence. D．Kindness.39．Whichoneisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?A．SayingNoto“TurningBack” B．TipsforaSuccessfulBusinessC．JumpingoverEconomicDownturns D．ALife-timePursuitofDream??Justa2-minutewalkfromtheterminals,ShortStayisidealformeetingordroppingpassengersandagreatchoiceforshorttripsawayandbusinessmeetings.??YoucanbookShortStayparkinginadvancefordurationsoveronehouruptotwohourspriortoyourarrival,subjecttoavailability.??2-minutewalkfromtheTerminaldoors.??LEDlightingtohelplocateyourparkingspot.??AutomatedNumberPlateRecognitionand‘CarFinder’system.??24/7security??HeathrowLongStayParkingisidealifyou’regoingawayforweek-longtripsormore.??SimplybookLongStayparkingforyourtripordriveuptoanyLongStaycarpark.AttheentrybarrieryourregistrationwillberecognisedandaticketwillbeprintedshowingyourregistrationandBookingReference.Oncethebarrieropens,youmayproceedtothezoneindicated.??Usetheintercompointsatthebusstopstorequestapick-up.??Youwon'tfindourparkingcheaperanywhereelse.??Shuttlebusesrunevery10-15minutestotheterminaldoors??FreeWifionshuttlebuses.??24/7security??Theidealsolutionfortime-poorbusinesstravelersandotherpassengerswhowanttotravelefficientlyandinstyle.??BusinessparkingisavailableinTerminals2&3andTerminal5withnorequirementtohandinyourkeys.??Business-classshuttlebuseswithminimalwaittimes.??FreeWi-Fionshuttlebuses.??24/7security.??MeetandGreetparkingisoneofthemostconvenient,worry-freewaystoparkyourcaratHeathrow.JustdriveyourvehicletoourShortStaycarpark,leaveyourkeyswithusandwe’lldotherest!??Shortwalktoterminal.??Notransferneeded—justdropyourcarandoffyougo.??24/7secureparking.??Nowaitforcaronreturn.PLEASENOTE:Heathrowcurrentlydoesn’tprovideEV(electricvehicle)chargingfacilities.Withthisinmind,werecommendthatallcustomersdrivingEVstotheairportchargethemadequatelybeforearrival.40．Whichparkingfacilitymaytakeyouthelongesttravellingtimetotheterminals?A．ShortStay B．LongStay C．Business D．Meet&Greet41．UnderwhichcircumstancemayapassengerchooseBusinessParking?A．AtravelerwhowouldliketoenjoyfreeWi-Fiattheairport.B．Astudentwhohasanefficientplanontravellingeconomically.C．Amanagerwhorunsonatightscheduleandmaymisshisflight.D．Alocalwhoneedstopickuphisfriendfromalongflight.42．Whichoneofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheadvertisement?A．Youmayusethe“CarFinder”systemtolocateyourvehicleatBusinessParking.B．IfyouleaveyourcaratMeet&Greet,itisuptoyoutoguaranteeitssafety.C．Ifyouintendtotakea10-daytrip,you’dbetterparkyourvehicleatShortStay.D．PassengersdrivingEVsshouldchargetheirbatterybeforeparkingattheairport.CognitiveProcessingTherapy(CPT),along-termpsychologicaltherapy,isaspecifictypeofcognitivebehavioraltherapywhichreducespost-traumaticstressdisorder(創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙)symptomsafternaturaldisasters.Typically,CPTisdeliveredover12sessionstohelppatientslearnhowtomodifynegativeattitudesandpracticesrelatedtotheirtrauma.Thegoalisthatthepatientthencreatesanew,morepositiveviewandunderstandingofthetraumaticevent,whichreduceson-goingnegativeeffectsonthepatient’scurrentlife.Itspecificallyfocusesonthecoretraumathemesofsafety,trust,powerandcontrol,etc.Deliveredbothindividuallyandinstructuredgroupsessions,itallowsformultipledifferentpathstoreceiveeffectivetreatments.Insomestudies,ithasshowntobehelpfulincaseswheremedicinealonehasnotworked.BecauseCPTfocusesonretrainingthoughtsandbehaviorstoformpracticalstrategiesthatcanbeappliedtoeverydaylife.Comparedtoothertalk-therapies,ithasbeenespeciallysuccessful,becauseitcanbecompletedinabriefperiodoftime,allowingforalowerpatientdropoutrate.Italsoenhancesbrainconnectivity,whichlessenslong-termimpactsoftrauma.Thisincreasedconnectivityiswhycognitivebehavioraltherapyisoftenarguedtobemoreeffectivethanmedicine.Ontheotherhand,therearealsomultipledisadvantagestoCPT.Duetoitsstructurednature,itmaynotbesuitableforpeoplewithmorecomplexmentalhealthneedsorlearningdifficulties.Additionally,sinceitinvolvesfacinguptoemotionsandfears,patientsmayexperienceinitialperiodsofadditionalanxietyordiscomfort.Sometherapistsalsoarguethatbecauseitonlyaddressescurrentproblemsandspecificissuesitdoesnotaddresspossiblefundamentalcausesofmentalhealthconditions,andbecauseitfocusesontheindividual’scapacitytochangethemselvesitdoesnotaddresswidersystemproblemsthathaveasignificantimpactonapatient’shealthandwell-being.However,focusingmainlyonpost-naturaldisasters,regardlessofpre-disasterhealth,CPThasbeenrepeatedlyproventobearathersuccessfultreatmentapproach.AlthoughtherehavenotbeenstudiesgeneralizingCPTforchildren,itisaneffectivetreatmentforadults.ThecleareffectivenessofCPTdemonstratestheimportanceofpatient-specifictherapiesthatareuniquetotheexperiencesofindividualpatients.43．Accordingtothepassage,CPTisintendedtohelppatients_________.A．learnhowtomodifyvariousnegativeattitudesandpracticesB．cultivateapositiveviewandunderstandingofthetraumaticeventsC．minimizeon-goingnegativeeffectsontheirpreviousandcurrentlifeD．focusonthecoretraumathemesofsafety,trust,power,control,etc.44．Comparedwithothertalk-therapies,whatfeaturecontributestotheeffectivenessofCPT?A．Itsmultipletreatingassignments.B．Itsapplicablestrategiesindailylife.C．Itshighertreatmentfulfillment.D．Itsbrainconnectivityenhancement.45．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Post-disasterhealthisnottakenintoconsiderationintheCPT.B．CPTprovestobethemostsuccessfultreatmentapproachsofar.C．MoreresearchesmightbeconductedintotheeffectivenessofCPTinchildren.D．CPTaddressesthefundamentalcausesofpatients’mentalhealthconditions.46．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A．TheapplicationofCognitiveProcessingTherapy.B．Anintroductiontoalong-termpsychologicaltherapy.C．Abreakthroughinthepsychologicalmedicalfield.D．ThelimitationsofCognitiveProcessingTherapy.五、六選四AtaLossforWordsImagineafriendisheadingouttofaceadifficulttask.Asalastwordbeforetheydisappear,youwanttoencouragethem.Whatmightyousay?IfyouarespeakingEnglish,thelikeliestchoiceis“goodluck”.Ifyoustoptothinkaboutit,thatisalittleodd.Thoughyoumightindeedhopelucksmilesonyourfriend,neithertheynoryoucandomuchabouttheprobability.____47____ThatiswhytheFrench,inthissituation,say“boncourage”,not“goodluck”.Englishdoesnotallowyoutopairanyoldadjectivewithanyoldnouninafixedexpression.Youmaywishsomeone“goodmorning”,“goodafternoon”or“goodnight”,butnot“goodweekend”.____48____However,inotherlanguagesitisperfectlyusual.____49____English-speakerswisheachotherahappybirthday,butspeakersofmanyotherlanguagessay“congratulations”asifthebirthdaygirlhaddonesomethingimpressivemerelybysurvivinganotheryear.TheDutchalsosay“gefeliciteerd”tomembersofthefamily,includingtheonewhoreallydeservescongratulating:themother.Thisisclosetoobligatory(義務(wù)的)，whileitwouldcomeasastrangesurpriseinEnglish.Itistemptingtodrawdeepculturalconclusionsfromthepresenceofthisortheabsenceofthatinalanguage.____50____Forexample,theEnglishdosaythetypicalFrenchwordsbonvoyageandbonappétit,andthere’snoreasontostopthere.Congratulateyourmother-in-lawonyourwife’sbirthday,andyoucanprepareforadelightedsmileback.Itmayseemawkwardortrickyatfirstbutyoucanmakeitstickifyoutry.A．Specialoccasionsareanotherwayinwhichlanguagesdiffer.B．Itisnaturaltobecriticaloflanguagesthatlackexpressionsyouthinknecessary.C．Whatyoureallywanttowishthemiscouragenotfortune.D．HavingnoEnglishequivalentisannoyingforthosewhoareusedtoit.E．Youcansaythatphraseifyoulike,butyourneighbourwouldlookatyoustrangely.F．Butnothavingawordforsomethingdoesn’tmeanyoucan’tcoinone—orborrowit.六、概要寫作51．Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.WhyCampingCanBeSoMuchFun?Whenyougoonholiday,wheredoyouliketostay?Ifyouhaven’ttriedcamping,maybeyoushouldjointheincreasingnumberofpeoplewhoareenjoyingthesimplepleasuresofcamping.Bygrabbingyourtent,andsomeadditionalthings,it’seasytoheadofftothecountrysideandenjoyanightortwounderthestars.Manycampersaredumpingthetrappingsoftheirmodern,busylifetodothis,encouragedbyexpertswhosayafewpeacefulnightsinthemiddleofnowheremightbeagoodwaytorelaxandimproveoursleeppatternsandwell-being.Itisalso,ofcourse,agoodlow-budgetholidayoption.Fortheadventurous,wildcampingisanidealwaytoescapefromreality.Armedwithjustsomefoodandasleepingbag,you’refreefromrules,awayfromotherpeople,andabletoenjoytheback-to-basicsexperience.Butforthosewhostillwantsomehomecomforts,acampsiteisamoresuitableplacetofixyourtent.Hereyouhavefacilitiessuchaswashrooms,ashopandmaybeevenarestaurant.Andforthemostluxuriouscampingexperience,youcouldtryglamping,atypeofcampingassociatedwithextremecomfortsandluxury.Morerecently,salesofcampingequipmenthavejumpedasmorepeoplehavechosenavacationspentathometownduetotravelrestrictionscausedbythepandemic.Onecampingretailer,Halfords,reportedasharpriseindemandforproductssuchasstoves,coolboxesandcampingchairs.Withtheadditionofsoftpillows,powerfultorchesandlampstolightupyourtentandabetterselectionofeasy-to-cookfood,youcanalmostguaranteeacomfortableandenjoyablecampingexpedition.Somaybeit’stimetogivecampingatry.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________七、漢譯英（整句）52．她又把相冊攤開在桌上未收，這是常有的事。(leave)(漢譯英)53．不久又會有一顆用于監(jiān)測氣象的衛(wèi)星發(fā)射升空。(it)(漢譯英)54．在中國傳統(tǒng)文化中，紅燈籠象征生活美滿和生意興隆，通常在春節(jié)等節(jié)日懸掛。(symbolize)(漢譯英)55．在偏遠山區(qū)，空氣很純凈，莊稼也不受污染，人們遠離城市的喧囂，過著簡單而閑適的生活。(free)(漢譯英)八、其他應(yīng)用文56．Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假如你是明啟中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你校學(xué)生會正在征集志愿者活動方案，請在以下三項活動中選擇一項：一、深入社區(qū)宣傳環(huán)保知識；二、擔(dān)任“奉賢博物館”義務(wù)講解員；三、去孤兒院為孩子們上興趣課。請你給學(xué)生會寫封郵件，內(nèi)容須包括：1.你的選擇及理由2.你準備如何做___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10/2111/21/參考答案：1．As????2．can##could##may##might????3．being????4．which????5．tooffer????6．wererevealed????7．that????8．earlier????9．like????10．something##the【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。新的研究表明，白發(fā)可以奇跡般地恢復(fù)顏色——至少是暫時的。文章介紹了這項研究的具體開展情況以及研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。1．考查狀語從句。句意：隨著年齡的增長，我們的頭發(fā)失去了青春的顏色。此處引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“隨著”應(yīng)用as，句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填A(yù)s。2．考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：雖然這似乎是一個永久性的改變，但新的研究表明，白發(fā)可以/可能奇跡般地恢復(fù)顏色——至少是暫時的。后跟動詞原形，表示“可以”或“可能”，應(yīng)用情態(tài)動詞can/could/may/might。故填can/could/may/might。3．考查非謂語動詞。句意：在1972年的一篇論文中，已故醫(yī)生斯坦利·科邁什報告了一個38歲男子的孤立病例，他的三股發(fā)絲末端較淺，但發(fā)根附近較深。此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，strands與be構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞，作賓補。故填being。4．考查定語從句。句意：這標(biāo)志著從根開始的正常變灰過程的逆轉(zhuǎn)。此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞process，從句缺少主語，指物，應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。故填which。5．考查非謂語動詞。句意：哥倫比亞大學(xué)研究人員的一項新研究首次提供了心理壓力與人們頭發(fā)變白之間的定量證據(jù)。序數(shù)詞后跟不定式，作后置定語。故填tooffer。6．考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)頭發(fā)與壓力日志對照時，壓力和頭發(fā)變白之間的顯著關(guān)聯(lián)被揭示出來，在某些情況下，當(dāng)壓力消失時，頭發(fā)變白的情況會逆轉(zhuǎn)。主語與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)后文was可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語為strikingassociations，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。故填wererevealed。7．考查賓語從句。句意：雖然壓力會加速頭發(fā)變白似乎很容易理解，但研究人員驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)壓力緩解時，頭發(fā)的顏色可以恢復(fù)。此處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句不缺少成分，句意完整，應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)。故填that。8．考查比較級。句意：我們可以把頭發(fā)描繪成一個強有力的工具，來評估早期生活事件對衰老的影響，因為頭發(fā)提供了一種過去事件的物理記錄，就像樹木的年輪一樣。結(jié)合語境表示“更早的”，應(yīng)用比較級。故填earlier。9．考查介詞。句意：我們可以把頭發(fā)描繪成一個強有力的工具，來評估早期生活事件對衰老的影響，因為頭發(fā)提供了一種過去事件的物理記錄，就像樹木的年輪一樣。后跟名詞作賓語，表示“像”，應(yīng)用like。故填like。10．考查不定代詞或冠詞。句意：頭發(fā)從身體里長出來，然后結(jié)晶成堅硬而穩(wěn)定的東西，保存著你過去的記憶。此處表示“堅硬的某物”應(yīng)用不定代詞something或用定冠詞+形容詞，表示一類事物。故填something或the。11．G????12．B????13．C????14．K????15．H????16．F????17．J????18．E????19．D????20．I【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。艾倫是一位先鋒畫家，他以傳統(tǒng)的方式在畫布上作畫。他只是在使用顏料方面不同于通常使用畫筆的做法。文章對這位畫家進行了介紹。11．考查名詞。句意：雖然他確實用毛筆來畫他作品的主要線條，但他使用繪畫刀來作畫。根據(jù)“heusespaintingknivestoapplythepaint”可知，此處是指用毛筆來畫他作品的主要線條，所以應(yīng)用名詞composition表示“作品”作賓語。故選G。12．考查動詞。句意：早期，他發(fā)現(xiàn)用畫刀涂上的顏料給了他想要傳達主題的特殊主體和紋理。根據(jù)“hissubjects”可知，此處是指表達畫的主題，所以應(yīng)用動詞convey表示“傳達”。故選B。13．考查名詞。句意：這把刀可以留下各種各樣的痕跡，從精致的修飾到激烈的橫掃和油漆的切片。根據(jù)“tofiercesweepingandslicesofpaint”可知，此處是指精致的修飾，所以應(yīng)用名詞touch表示“修飾”作賓語。故選C。14．考查動詞。句意：艾倫有許多不同大小的繪畫刀，但他更喜歡三到四把，因為經(jīng)常使用，這些刀現(xiàn)在都磨薄了。根據(jù)“withconstantuse”可知，此處是指這些刀現(xiàn)在都磨薄了。所以應(yīng)用動詞wear表示“磨損”。故選K。15．考查動詞。句意：紙上的標(biāo)記確保他不僅捕捉到了真實的場景，還捕捉到了變化的光線、風(fēng)的方向以及伴隨的聲音和氣味。根據(jù)“notjusttheactualscenebutalsothechanginglight”可知，此處是指他不僅捕捉到了真實的場景，還捕捉到了變化的光線，所以應(yīng)用動詞capture表示“捕捉”。故選H。16．考查形容詞。句意：紙上的標(biāo)記確保他不僅捕捉到了真實的場景，還捕捉到了變化的光線、風(fēng)的方向以及伴隨的聲音和氣味。根據(jù)“thedirectionofthewind”和“soundsandsmells”可知，此處是指伴隨的聲音和氣味。所以應(yīng)用形容詞accompanying表示“伴隨的”作定語。故選F。17．考查名詞。句意：對于畫家來說，在他離開現(xiàn)場很久之后，整個感官體驗仍然固定在畫中。根據(jù)“thechanginglight,thedirectionofthewind”和“soundsandsmells”可知，此處是指整個感官體驗仍然固定在畫中，所以應(yīng)用名詞sensory表示“感官”作定語。故選J。18．考查副詞。句意：在他的一生中，艾倫廣泛游歷了許多特別的地方，這些地方激發(fā)了他的創(chuàng)造性想象力。根據(jù)“forparticularplaces”可知，此處是指艾倫廣泛游歷了許多地方，所以應(yīng)用副詞widely表示“廣泛地”作狀語。故選E。19．考查名詞。句意：他是一個冒險的探索者，盡管有些地方很不方便或很困難。根據(jù)“ordifficultyofsomeofthelocations”可知，此處是指有些地方很不方便，所以應(yīng)用名詞inconvenience表示“不方便”作賓語。故選D。20．考查動詞。句意：很久以前，他決定放棄在戶外創(chuàng)作大型油畫的想法，因為這涉及畫布、油畫顏料和許多其他工具。根據(jù)后文“Henowtravelslight,takingonlysketchbooks,pensandafewwatercolourswithhim.”(他現(xiàn)在輕裝旅行，只帶速寫本、鋼筆和幾幅水彩畫。)可知，此處是指他決定放棄在戶外創(chuàng)作大型油畫的想法。所以應(yīng)用動詞abandon表示“放棄”。故選I。21．A????22．C????23．B????24．C????25．C????26．C????27．D????28．B????29．C????30．D????31．B????32．C????33．A????34．D????35．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個機器人專家受到了蜜蜂的啟發(fā)，建造機器人的過程以及這個機器人對地球的影響。21．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：典型的3D打印機受到噴嘴范圍的限制，只能打印出比自身更小的物體。A.typical有代表性的；B.latest最新的；C.precise精確的；D.popular流行的。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)imitedbytherangeofitsnozzle,andcanonlymakeobjectssmallerthanitself”可知，3D打印機會受其自身的限制，只能打印比自身小的物體，這是現(xiàn)在市場上有代表性的3D打印機的通病。故選A項。22．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：科瓦克博士的團隊通過給打印機噴嘴插上翅膀，消除了這一限制。A.part部分；B.characteristic特征；C.limitation限制；D.shortage短缺。上文“Atypical3Dprinterislimitedbytherangeofitsnozzle”提到3D打印機的限制，所以下文才要移除該限制，C項limitation“限制”是原文limit的派生詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選C項。23．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：掃描儀是裝有攝像頭的機器人，負責(zé)監(jiān)控建造者的進度。A.suitable適合的；B.responsible負責(zé)的；C.famous有名的；D.ready準備好的。下文“Inthebuildingprocess,buildersandscannerscarryouttheirrespectivetasks”提到建造者和掃描儀需要各司其職，故空處需要填與“carryouttheirrespectivetasks”的近義表達。B項“負責(zé)的”帶入為固定短語beresponsiblefor表示“對某事負責(zé)”符合文意。故選B項。24．考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在建造過程中，建造者和掃描儀執(zhí)行各自的任務(wù)，輪流打印和調(diào)整，一層一層，直到結(jié)構(gòu)完成。A.goon繼續(xù)；B.workon影響；C.taketurns輪流；D.contributeto做貢獻。根據(jù)后文“First,abuilderkeepsflyingoveritsareaofoperationandbeginstoreleaseajetofthebuildingmaterial.”和“Oncethebuilderrobothasreleasedalayerofmaterial,thescannerrobotfliesoverand____6____theprogress.”可知，兩部分不光需要各司其職，還需要輪流合作。故選C項。25．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：材料的選擇很重要，它必須足夠輕，無人機可以攜帶，但也要足夠堅固，可以在上面建造下面的層。A.massive大的；B.stable穩(wěn)定的；C.strong強的、堅固的；D.flexible靈活的。空前有but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，所以空處需要填一個和上文“l(fā)ightweight(輕的)”意義相反或相斥的詞；C項“堅固的”符合句意。故選C項。26．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一旦建造機器人釋放了一層材料，掃描機器人就會飛過并檢查進度。A.makes做；B.improves提高；C.inspects檢查；D.continues繼續(xù)。結(jié)合上文“Thescannersarerobotsequippedwithcamerasthatareresponsibleformonitoringtheprogressofthebuilders.”可知，掃描儀是監(jiān)控進度的；故空處需要填“monitor”的近義詞，C項“檢查”為近義替換。故選C項。27．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些可能是建筑工人的錯誤，也可能是建筑材料膨脹時的缺陷。A.misguidance誤導(dǎo)；B.imbalance不平衡；C.misuse誤用；D.imperfection缺陷。空前有or表并列選擇，并列的是前文的“errors(錯誤)”，故空處需要填近義詞。D項“缺陷”符合句意。故選D項。28．考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在這一點上，人們還可以手動調(diào)整過程，在必要時監(jiān)督和糾正過程。A.changing改變；B.supervising監(jiān)督；C.arranging安排；D.measuring測量。根據(jù)上文“Oncethebuilderrobothasreleasedalayer