2022-2023學(xué)年寧夏吳忠市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期第四次月考英語(yǔ)試卷（A卷）

16/1615/16/2022-2023學(xué)年寧夏吳忠市鹽池中學(xué)高三（上）第四次月考英語(yǔ)試卷（A卷）題號(hào)一二三四五六總分得分注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第I卷（選擇題）一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）Aschool.SoyourchildhoodwasprobablyspentinanordinaryclassroomwitholddesksandchairsThat'sbecauseyouwenttoanaverageschool.Sowhetheryoulovedyourschoolorwishedyouwenttooneofthefollowingnowyou'llneverthinkofschoolingthesamewayagain.TrainPlatformsasSchoolschool.Howevermaths.Intotakeabusortraintoschool.However,theydon'tusuallystopontheplatformandlearnmaths.InOrissa,India,inordertotrytolowerthechancesofchildrenquittingschool,onewomandecidedthatshewouldbringtheschooltothekidsanditcertainlyworked!FloatingSchoolflood.Andschool.Howeverhomes.WithBangladeshflood.Andkidsareleftwithoutawaytoschool.However,oneclevertowndecidedtohavelessonson100boatsinsteadaswellashealthcarecentreandhomes.Withtheinternetaccess,computersandalibraryit'saprettyhightechschool!ElfSchoolInIcelandtherearealotofstoriesaboutelves（小精靈）uses.Thegovernment.Theoltherearedifferenttypesofelvesthathaveavarietyofuses.Theschoolgenerallytrainspeopleinthepracticeofelvesinthehopetheycansomehowhelpthegovernment.TheIcelandicpolicehavebeenknowntoaskforanelf'shelpwhenmeetingtrouble.RealLifeClownSchoolaround.ImaginerotherssetupanumberofcoursesandschoolsaroundtheUnitedStatestoteachthestudentstheartofclowningaround.Imaginewearingabrightrednosewhilekidsarelaughingaroundyouforaballoonanimal.1.WhowasTrainPlatformSchoolbuiltfor？______A.Thestudentswillingtolearntheartofclowning.B.Thestudentswhocannotpaytheirhigheducation.C.Thechildrenwhocannotcatchthetraintoschool.D.Theyoungchildrenwhoareforcedtoquitschool.2.Whichschoolonlyexistsduringoneparticulartimeoftheyear？______A.ElfSchool. B.TheFloatingSchool.C.RealLifeClownSchool D.TheTrainPlatformSchool.3.WhatisspecialaboutRealLifeClownSchool？______A.Thestudentscanhaveclassesontrains.B.Theschooltrainspeopletohelpsociety.C.Thestudentsusecomputersandalibrary.D.Thestudentslearntoentertainchildren.BHereallydidlooklikeatourist，withacameraaroundhisneckandabottleofsunscreencreamstickingoutofhisbag．Thefatmansatontheterrace（平臺(tái)），sippinglemonadeandpretendingtolookatatourismbrochure．Hissunglassesmaskedhiseyes，butIknewhewasn'tlookingatthebrochure：hehadn'tturnedapageforthelasttenminutes．AsIbroughthimhisdishes，hecoughedupa"thankyou"andlookedatmebriefly．Itriednottostareatthetinyscaracrosshislefteyebrow．Iwalkedbackinsidewithmyemptytray，shakingmyhead．Helookedfamiliar，butIcouldn'tquiteplacehim．Thenithitme．Thecaraccident．Themysteriousstrangerwhohelpedmeoutofmycrashedcar，justbeforeitexploded．Irushedbacktohistable．Hewasgone．Imovedhissaucerandfoundhistip，alongwithacard：Iamdeeplygratefultoyou．Thenighto￡yourcaraccident，Iwasonmywaytorobajewelrystore．Savingyourlifebroughtthingsbackinarightway．Inowliveanhonestlife，thankstoyou．Godblessyou!Mr．D．Ishivered（震顫）．Thenightofmycaraccident，Iwasheadingforaninterviewinanillegaldanceclub．Seeinghumankindnessthroughhisheroicgestureturnedmylifearoundandbroughtfaithbackintomylife．Iunfoldedthetipheleft．Amongthesingleswasagrand（一千塊）withapenmarkunderlining"InGodWeTrust．"Isaidasilentprayerforhimandgotbacktowork，smiling．4.Whydidthefatmanlooklikeatourist？______A.Becauseheusedmoneynotthesameasthelocals.B.Becausehecarriedwhattouristsusuallyhaveon.C.Becausehedoesn'tlooklikeanativecitizen.D.Becauseheorderedstrangefoodanddrinks.5.Howdidthewriterknewthemandidn'treadthebrochure？______A.Hewasdrinkingallthetime. B.Hesatstillwithhissunglasses.C.Thepageremainedunturned. D.Hewasstaringatthewriter.6.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？______A.Theykeptintouchwitheachothersincethen.B.Thewriterhadbeensearchingfortheman.C.Themanbecamearichmanyearslater.D.Thewriterdidn'tgotothatinterview.7.Whatistheirattitudetowardseachother？______A.Sympathetic. B.Grateful. C.Worried. D.Trusty.CEachyearonOctober15，diseases.AndashingDayisobservedtostrengthenthehealthawarenessandpreventthespreadofinfectiousdiseases.Andahand—shapedrobotcalled"Pepe"，whichencourageskidstowashtheirhands，hashelpedpupilsataremoteIndianprimaryschooltodevelophabitsofpersonalhygiene（衛(wèi)生）.Pepewasfixedonthewallaboveahand—washingstationatWayanadGovernmentPrimarySchoolinKerala，10.Ahhasabout100pupilsaged5and10.AsmallvideoscreenbehindthegreenplasticPepeactedasa"mouth"，allowingresearcherstotele—operatetherobottospeaktothepupilsanddrawtheirattentiontotheposteroutliningthestepsofeffectivehand—washing.Asetofmoving"eyes"helpedPepepayattentiontothechildren'sactions.Therobothelpedpupilswashtheirhandsmoreeffectively，increasingtheirratesofhand—percent.Pupilspercent.PupilsspenttwiceaslongwashingtheirhandsafterPepe'sarrival.Andmorethan95%ofthestudentscouldcorrectlydeterminewhenhand—washingwithsoaphastobedone—beforeamealandafteravisittothetoilet.Hand—washingisoneofthemosteffectivewaysagainstthespreadofdiarrheaandrespiratoryinfections.Dr.AmolDeshmukh，fromtheUniversityofGlasgow'sSchoolofComputingScience，ledtheprojectinpartnershipwithcolleaguesfromAmritaUniversity.Hesaid，"WeweredelightedbythesuccessofPepe'svisittothisprimaryschool.Thechildrenwereexcitedtointeractwiththisrelativelysimplemachine，whichwasclearlygoodforkeepingtheirhandsclean.Dr.BhavanifromAmritaUniversitysaid，"AMMACHI（AmritaMultiModalApplicationandComputerHumanInteraction）Labshavetakenmultiplanstocommonchallengesfacinglow—incomeruralcommunitiesinIndiaandworldwideusingtechnology."8.Whywas"Pepe"fixedatthePrimarySchool？______A.Towatchonpupil'actions.B.Towashchildren'shands.C.Tofreshentheenvironment.D.Todevelopchildren'shealthhabits.9.Howdidtherobotbringchangestothepupils？______A.Byplayingwithpupils. B.Byprovidingknowledge.C.Byofferingpupilssoap. D.Bywashingpupils'hands.10.WhatcanyoulearnaboutPepe'svisittotheprimaryschool？______A.Itwasafailure. B.Ithadnoeffect.C.Itwasasuccess. D.Itwasawasteoftime.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"address"inthelastparagraphmean？______A.dealwith. B.writeaplaceon.C.makeaspeechto. D.speakto.DItiseasytogetcarriedawayinanargument.Whilehavingarationalconversationwithsomeonewhohasadifferentopinionmightseemlikeachallenge，itispossible.Onewayistoapproachtheotherpersonwithempathy.TheEmpathyChallengeisanexercisecreatedbyZoeChance，seniorlecturerattheYaleSchoolofManagement.AtYale，Chanceteachesacoursecalled"MasteringInfluenceandPersuasion"wherestudentslearntocommunicatemoreeffectively.Inherblog，Chanceexplainsthatit'simportanttolistentopeoplewhodisagreewithyou."Astheyexplaintheirposition，youlistenfortheirunderlyingvalues.Finally，youlookforcommongroundasyoureflectthosevaluesback.That'sit."Chancefirsttookthischallengeherselfbeforeaskingherstudentstotry.Asshecouldn'tunderstandwhymanypeoplechosetovoteforDonaldTrump，shefoundthreeTrump'svotersandspokewiththem.Throughaskingquestions，Chancewasabletoempathizewiththemandrealizetheyhadsimilarfeelings.Oneman，anOrthodoxJew，explainedthathesupportedTrumpbecauseTrump'sdaughterandson-in-lawareJewish.ThenextmanwasaRussianimmigrantpassionateaboutfreedom.Thethirdwasalawyerwhobelievedthatauthenticity（真誠(chéng)）wasimportantinpoliticalleaders.AlthoughChanceandChosepeoplehaddifferentpoliticalbeliefs，theywereabletorelatetothelifevaluesofothers.Andthat'sthepointoftheexercise-tounderstandothersasfellowhumanbeings.12.WhichofthefollowingdoestheEmpathyChallengefaceson？______A.Leadershipskills. B.Publicspeakingskills.C.Communicationskills. D.Problemsolvingskills.13.WhatdoesChancesuggestpeopledowhenhandlingadisagreement？______A.Defendtheirposition. B.Findcommonground.C.Reflectontheirownvalues. D.Meettheneedsofothers.14.WhatdrovethethreementovoteforDonaldTramp？______A.Theirlifevalues. B.Theircareerhistory.C.Theirfamilybackground. D.Theirchildhoodexperience.15.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage？______A.Respectdifferentperspectives. B.ZoeChance'sempathy.C.VoteforTrump. D.Channelschallenge.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）TheProblemwithOnlineReturnsOnlineshoppingisbooming：In2020，Americansspent﹩813billiononline，a42%increaseover2019.Thisyear，expertsexpectthatfiguretotop﹩1trillionforthefirsttime.Butmillionsofthosepurchaseswilleventuallygetsentback.(1)Here'swhatyouneedtoknow.Whenshopperscan'tphysicallyexamineproductsbeforepurchase，they'remorelikelytobuyclothesthatdon'tfitoritemsthatdon'tsuittheirneeds.Peoplereturnonaverageabout25%ofwhattheybuyonline，comparedwith8%ofwhattheybuyinstores.However，manyitemsthatgetreturnednevergobackonsale.(2)About5billionpoundsofreturnedgoodswenttolandfillseachyear，accordingtologistics（物流）companyOptoro.(3)Whenyousendaproductback，companiesalreadyoweyouarefund，anditwouldcostthemevenmoretoshipittoasortingfacilityandhavesomeoneevaluatewhetheritcanbesoldagain.Atthisstage，everypersonthattouchesthatitemisaddingcost，butthecompanydoesn'tearnanyvalue.Althoughit'sunlikelythatreturneditemswillbesoldasnew，someitemsgetsenttodiscountstores.(4)Otherunwanteditemsmightbesentoverseas-althoughmanycouldstillgotothegarbageeventually.Insomecases，giantcompanieslikeAmazonandTargethavebeguntellingcustomerstojustkeeptheirunwanteditemsratherthansendthemback.Third-partylogisticsbusinesseshavealsopoppeduptohelpcleanupthereturnprocess.Butthat'snotenoughonitsown.(5)Ifwecontinuetoshopwithoutthinkingabouttheenvironmentalimpactsofourdecisions，we'llultimatelyhaveveryunsustainablesupplychains.A.Itsoundsshocking，butitallboilsdowntocost.B.Theresponsibilityfallsonusconsumersaswell.C.Thosereturnscanhaveabigenvironmentalimpact.D.Thingslikeelectronicscouldgetseparatedintoparts.E.Thatincreasehasacceleratedrapidlyduringthepandemic.F.Instead，they'reoftenthrownout，evenifthey'restillbrand-new.G.Inresponse，F(xiàn)ranceforbadethedestructionofunsoldconsumergoods.16.?A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G17.?A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G18.?A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G19.?A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G20.?A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G三、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）IhavedonemanythingsinthepastfouryearsIdidnotbelieveIwouldevenconsider，letalonedo.Eachofthese(21)seemedtobeasymbolofanotherstepinmylifethatI(22)togetthroughtosuccess.NotlongagoIhadtheopportunityto(23)arockwall.Nowthatdoesnotsoundveryhardto(24).Butwhenyoulookfortyfeet(25)andatthelittlethingsthatyouhavetosteponandholdonto，itdoesn'tseemso(26)afterall.AtleastthatiswhatI(27).ButIknewitwasachallengethatIwasgoingtotakeon.SoIputonmyclimbingshoes，lookedupatthewallandstartedup.EachhandholdandeachfootholdwascarefullyplacedandonethingI(28)onthewayupwastonotlookbackorlookdown.Abouthalf(29)upIbegantofeeltiredbutIknewIcould(30)it.SoIcontinuedonestepatatime.Andyes，Ididmakeittothetopandwhatajoyitwastobefortyfeetintheairandlookdownathow(31)Ihadcome.Whatfunandwhatafeelingof(32)itwascomingbackdownandcelebratingwiththe(33)Iwaswith.Yes，eightofusclimbedthewallinanafternoonoffunandchallenge.AsIlookattheexperienceIcanseehowit(34)mysuccessandthedirectionIamcontinuingtopursue.Itis(35)thateverychallengeandeveryroadisconquered（征服）onestepatatime.EverytimeIgetalittle(36)，thesechallengesandexperienceswillhelpmethroughthetoughtimesandstayfocusonthe(37).Somanytimespeoplewilllookbackandeitherslowdownorstopbecausesomethingdiscouragesthem.Thatdaytheprizewasthe(38)ofthewall.Butinlifetheprizeiseach(39)youhaveandcelebrateasyouconquereachchallengeonestepatatime.So(40)goingandyouwillgettothetop.21.?A.suggestions B.improvements C.discoveries D.challenges22.?A.offered B.created C.needed D.missed23.?A.build B.climb C.visit D.report24.?A.say B.judge C.do D.see25.?A.straight B.back C.down D.up26.?A.easy B.dangerous C.fantastic D.complex27.?A.thought B.proved C.concluded D.hoped28.?A.ignored B.admitted C.obtained D.learned29.?A.way B.time C.amount D.tour30.?A.take B.make C.follow D.give31.?A.fast B.far C.soon D.much32.?A.achievement B.appreciation C.independence D.familiarity33.?A.beer B.friends C.flowers D.audience34.?A.reminds B.directs C.represents D.refers35.?A.likely B.unbelievable C.true D.funny36.?A.scared B.unsatisfied C.confused D.discouraged37.?A.purpose B.course C.prize D.result38.?A.top B.size C.weight D.height39.?A.problem B.dream C.opportunity D.success40.?A.giveup B.keepon C.preparefor D.startwith第II卷（非選擇題）四、語(yǔ)法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）41.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Twogiantpandas"Sihai"and"Jingjing"lefttheYa'anBiFengXiaBaseofChinaConservationandResearchCenterfortheGiantPanda（CCRCGP）inSichuanProvinceonOct.18，2022，(1)（start）theirjourneytoQatar.Toensurethat(2)twopandasstarttheirnewlivessmoothly，bothsideshavemadefull(3)（prepare）.Thetwopandashavebeeningoodcondition(4)theCCRCGPputthemintoquarantine（隔離）amonthago.TheChineseteamhasalsosentseveralexpertgroupstoQatarforon-siteguidanceandassessmentofthevenues，(5)willassistthecountryinsettingupa(6)（profession）giantpandabreedingandmanagementteam，andensuresuppliesofbamboo.Tohelpthegiantpandasadapttotheirnewenvironment(7)（easy），theresearchcenterhasalsosentexperiencedbreedersandexpertstoQatar.InMay2020，ChinaandQatarsignedacooperationagreement(8)（concern）giantpandaprotectionandresearchto(9)（far）promoteinternationalcooperationinthefieldandtoboosttheprotectionofendangeredspeciesandbiodiversityinthetwocountries.ItisthefirsttimethatChina(10)（cooperate）withaMiddleEasterncountryinthiscapacity.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改錯(cuò)（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）42.假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用（╲）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Toenrichstudentsschoollifeandhelpuslearnmoreaboutspaceexploration，ourschoolorganizedavisittotheCityMuseumontheotherday.Atthebeginning，somepicturesandvideosaboutspaceexplorationwereshowntothem.Bywatchingthem，welearnedalotaboutmanygreatachievementthathadbeenmadeinourcountry.Theastronauts'devotiontothespaceexplorationofourcountryleavesadeepimpressiononus.Afterwards，weexperiencedalifeandworkofastronauts，likehowtheydoinourspacestation.Alltheteachersandstudentswereveryexcited，tryandtouchingeverything.Suchagreatsuccesstheactivitythatitwashighlyspokenof.Hopeful，therewillbeevenmoreactivitieslikethis.六、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）43.自新冠疫情（COVID-19）暴發(fā)以來(lái)，很多學(xué)校都采取了線上教學(xué)方式。假定你校英語(yǔ)報(bào)正在征集關(guān)于在線教育的稿件，請(qǐng)你寫一篇短文投稿，內(nèi)容包括：1.在線教育的利與弊；2.你的看法。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.題目已為你寫好。

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、B、D【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Train?Platforms?as?School部分中的中的In?Orissa,India,in?order?to?try?to?lower?the?chances?of?children?quitting?school,one?woman?decided?that?she?would?bring?the?school?to?the?kids?and?it?certainly?worked!（在印度的奧里薩邦，為了降低孩子們輟學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)，一位婦女決定把學(xué)校帶到孩子們身邊，這確實(shí)奏效了!?）可知，為了減低孩子們的輟學(xué)率，一位女教育工作者建起站臺(tái)學(xué)校。因此，站臺(tái)學(xué)校是為被迫輟學(xué)的孩子們建立的。故選D。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Floating?School部分中的Each?year?in?summer,the?rivers?in?Bangladesh?flood.And?kids?are?left?without?a?way?to?school.（每年夏天，勐加拉國(guó)的河流都會(huì)發(fā)洪水。孩子們沒(méi)有去學(xué)校的路。）可知，水上學(xué)校只在一年中的某個(gè)特定時(shí)間存在。故選B。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)Real?Life?Clown?School部分中的The?Ringling?Brothers?set?up?a?number?of?courses?and?schools?around?the?United?States?to?teach?the?students?the?art?of?clowning?around.Imagine?wearing?a?bright?red?nose?while?kids?are?laughing?around?you?for?a?balloon?animal.（林林兄弟在美國(guó)各地設(shè)立了許多課程和學(xué)校，向?qū)W生傳授小丑的藝術(shù)。想象一下，你戴上一個(gè)鮮紅的鼻子，孩子們?yōu)榱艘粋€(gè)氣球動(dòng)物而圍著你笑。）可知，在Real?Life?Clown?School中，學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)給孩子們帶來(lái)快樂(lè)。故選D。本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四所特別的學(xué)校。1．直接信息題：直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。2．間接信息題：間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。3．綜合信息題：綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來(lái)分析，而不能斷章取義。4~7.【答案】B、C、D、B【解析】（1）B．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段Hereallydidlooklikeatourist，withacameraaroundhisneckandabottleofsunscreencreamstickingoutofhisbag．他的確確實(shí)像個(gè)游客，脖子上戴著相機(jī)，書包上還貼著一瓶防曬霜．可知，那個(gè)胖子看上去像個(gè)游客是因?yàn)樗持慰推匠５臇|西．故選B．（2）C．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段Hissunglassesmaskedhiseyes，butIknewhewasn'tlookingatthebrochure：hehadn'tturnedapageforthelasttenminutes．他的墨鏡遮住了他的眼睛，但我知道他不在看小冊(cè)子：在過(guò)去的十分鐘里他沒(méi)有翻過(guò)一頁(yè)．可知，作家知道那個(gè)人沒(méi)有看小冊(cè)子是因?yàn)轫?yè)面保持不變．故選C．（3）D．細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)最后一段?Ishivered（震顫）．Thenightofmycaraccident，Iwasheadingforaninterviewinanillegaldanceclub．我瑟瑟發(fā)抖．我的車禍那天晚上，我正去一個(gè)非法的舞蹈俱樂(lè)部接受采訪．可知，作家沒(méi)有參加那次采訪．故選D．（4）B．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第三段Thenighto￡yourcaraccident，Iwasonmywaytorobajewelrystore．Savingyourlifebroughtthingsbackinarightway．Inowliveanhonestlife，thankstoyou．在您的車禍之夜，我正在搶劫一家珠寶店．挽救生命以正確的方式帶回了一切．謝謝你，我現(xiàn)在過(guò)著誠(chéng)實(shí)的生活．以及最后一段Seeinghumankindnessthroughhisheroicgestureturnedmylifearoundandbroughtfaithbackintomylife．通過(guò)他英勇的姿態(tài)看到人類的善良，使我的生活轉(zhuǎn)了轉(zhuǎn)，使信仰重新回到了我的生活中．可知，他們對(duì)彼此的態(tài)度是感激的．故選B．本文是一篇人生感悟類閱讀，主要講述了作者去非法的舞蹈俱樂(lè)部接受采訪的路上發(fā)生車禍，一個(gè)準(zhǔn)備搶劫的人救了他，兩個(gè)人救贖了彼此，對(duì)彼此充滿感激．閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋．考生首先要仔細(xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)．8~11.【答案】D、B、C、A【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段And?a?hand—shaped?robot?called?"Pepe"，which?encourages?kids?to?wash?their?hands，has?helped?pupils?at?a?remote?Indian?primary?school?to?develop?habits?of?personal?hygiene（衛(wèi)生）.（一個(gè)叫"Pepe"的手形機(jī)器人鼓勵(lì)孩子們洗手，它幫助印度一所偏遠(yuǎn)小學(xué)的學(xué)生養(yǎng)成了個(gè)人衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣。）可知，這個(gè)機(jī)器人就是為了鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成洗手的好習(xí)慣。故選D項(xiàng)。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段A?small?video?screen?behind?the?green?plastic?Pepe?acted?as?a?"mouth"，allowing?researchers?to?tele—operate?the?robot?to?speak?to?the?pupils?and?draw?their?attention?to?the?poster?outlining?the?steps?of?effective?hand—washing.A?set?of?moving?"eyes"?helped?Pepe?pay?attention?to?the?children's?actions.（綠色塑料Pepe后面的一個(gè)小電視屏幕充當(dāng)了一個(gè)"嘴"，使研究人員能夠遙控機(jī)器人對(duì)學(xué)生說(shuō)話，并把他們的注意力吸引到概述有效洗手步驟的海報(bào)上。一組移動(dòng)的"眼睛"幫助佩佩注意孩子們的行動(dòng)。）可知，研究人員通過(guò)操控這個(gè)機(jī)器人來(lái)讓學(xué)生關(guān)注墻上的海報(bào)，海報(bào)上有關(guān)于有效洗手的步驟，來(lái)告知學(xué)生如何洗手。因此可知，這個(gè)機(jī)器人是通過(guò)給學(xué)生傳播一些關(guān)于洗手方面的知識(shí)來(lái)幫助學(xué)生養(yǎng)成勤洗手的習(xí)慣。故選B項(xiàng)。（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段The?robot?helped?pupils?wash?their?hands?more?effectively，increasing?their?rates?of?hand—washing?by?40?percent.Pupils?spent?twice?as?long?washing?their?hands?after?Pepe's?arrival.And?more?than?95%?of?the?students?could?correctly?determine?when?hand—washing?with?soap?has?to?be?done—before?a?meal?and?after?a?visit?to?the?toilet.（這個(gè)機(jī)器人幫助學(xué)生更有效地洗手，洗手率提高了40%。佩佩到來(lái)后，學(xué)生們洗手的時(shí)間增加了一倍。超過(guò)95%的學(xué)生能夠正確判斷何時(shí)必須用肥皂洗手——飯前和如廁后。）可知，這個(gè)機(jī)器人的到來(lái)提高了學(xué)生的洗手率，使得學(xué)生洗手的時(shí)間增加了一倍，因此可知，它的到來(lái)是很成功的。故選C項(xiàng)。（4）詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段He?said，?"We?were?delighted?by?the?success?of?Pepe's?visit?to?this?primary?school.The?children?were?excited?to?interact?with?this?relatively?simple?machine，which?was?clearly?good?for?keeping?their?hands?clean.Dr.Bhavani?from?Amrita?University?said，"?AMMACHI?（Amrita?Multi?Modal?Application?and?Computer?Human?Interaction）?Labs?have?taken?multi?plans?to????????common?challenges?facing?low—income?rural?communities?in?India?and?worldwide?using?technology."（他說(shuō)："我們對(duì)佩佩訪問(wèn)這所小學(xué)的成功感到高興。孩子們興奮地與這臺(tái)相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單的機(jī)器互動(dòng)，這顯然有利于保持他們的手干凈。Amrita大學(xué)的Bhavani博士說(shuō)："AMMACHI?（Amrita多模式應(yīng)用和人機(jī)交互）實(shí)驗(yàn)室已經(jīng)采取了多種計(jì)劃，利用技術(shù)解決印度和全世界低收入農(nóng)村社區(qū)面臨的共同挑戰(zhàn)。"）可知，機(jī)器人的到來(lái)使得學(xué)生們養(yǎng)成勤洗手的習(xí)慣，因此可推知，研究者們利用科技解決了一些問(wèn)題、一些挑戰(zhàn)，因此可知?jiǎng)澗€詞與A項(xiàng)"deal?with解決"意義相近。A．deal?with.處理，解決；B．write?a?place?on.在一個(gè)地方上面寫；C．make?a?speech?to.向發(fā)表演講；D．speak?to.與對(duì)話。故選A項(xiàng)。本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了為了讓孩子們養(yǎng)成洗手的好習(xí)慣，印度一學(xué)校在洗手站上方的墻安裝了一個(gè)機(jī)器人來(lái)吸引學(xué)生的注意力，讓他們勤洗手。這個(gè)機(jī)器人提高了學(xué)生洗手的頻率。閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的獲取細(xì)節(jié)信息和邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述內(nèi)容作出合理的推斷；或歸納作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。12~15.【答案】C、B、A、A【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段TheEmpathyChallengeisanexercisecreatedbyZoeChance，seniorlecturerattheYaleSchoolofManagement.AtYale，Chanceteachesacoursecalled"MasteringInfluenceandPersuasion"wherestudentslearntocommunicatemoreeffectively.（同理心挑戰(zhàn)是由耶魯大學(xué)管理學(xué)院高級(jí)講師佐伊?錢斯發(fā)起的一項(xiàng)練習(xí)。在耶魯大學(xué)，錢斯教授一門名為"掌握影響力和說(shuō)服"的課程，讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)如何更有效地溝通。）可知同理心挑戰(zhàn)專注于溝通技巧。所以答案為C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段中的As?they?explain?their?position，you?listen?for?their?underlying?values.Finally，you?look?for?common?ground?as?you?reflect?those?values?back.That's?it.（當(dāng)他們解釋自己的立場(chǎng)時(shí)，你要傾聽他們潛在的價(jià)值觀。最后，當(dāng)你反映這些價(jià)值觀時(shí)，你要尋找共同點(diǎn)。就是這樣。）可知，Chance建議人們?cè)谔幚矸制鐣r(shí)找到大家的共同點(diǎn)。所以答案為B。（3）推理判斷題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段One?man，an?Orthodox?Jew，explained?that?he?supported?Trump?because?Trump's?daughter?and?son-in-law?are?Jewish.The?next?man?was?a?Russian?immigrant?passionate?about?freedom.The?third?was?a?lawyer?who?believed?that?authenticity（真誠(chéng)）?was?important?in?political?leaders.（一名正統(tǒng)猶太人解釋說(shuō)，他支持Trump是因?yàn)門rump的女兒和女婿是猶太人。下一個(gè)人是一個(gè)熱愛(ài)自由的俄羅斯移民。第三位是一位律師，他認(rèn)為真實(shí)對(duì)政治領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。）以及最后一段Although?Chance?and?Chose?people?had?different?political?beliefs，they?were?able?to?relate?to?the?life?values?of?others.（雖然Chance和Chose的政治信仰不同，但他們都能認(rèn)同他人的人生價(jià)值觀。）可推知，三個(gè)人投票給Donald?Trump是因?yàn)樗麄兊娜松鷥r(jià)值觀。所以答案為A。（4）標(biāo)題判斷題。由文章第二段While?having?a?rational?conversation?with?someone?who?has?a?different?opinion?might?seem?like?a?challenge，it?is?possible.One?way?is?to?approach?the?other?person?with?empathy.（雖然與持不同意見的人進(jìn)行理性的對(duì)話似乎是一種挑戰(zhàn)，但這是可能的。一種方法是帶著同理心接近對(duì)方。）可知，本文主要講述了我們應(yīng)該尊重不同的觀點(diǎn)。所以以A選項(xiàng)"尊重不同的觀點(diǎn)"作為題目最合適。所以答案為A。本文是一篇議論文。文章講述了雖然與持不同意見的人進(jìn)行理性對(duì)話似乎是一種挑戰(zhàn)，但這是可能的。一種方法是用同理心接近對(duì)方，即尊重不同的觀點(diǎn)或立場(chǎng)。閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒(méi)有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過(guò)程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問(wèn)題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問(wèn)題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性，對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。16~20.【答案】C、F、A、D、B【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文year，experts?expect?that?figure?to?top?﹩?1?trillion?for?the?first?time.But?millions?of?those?purchases?will?eventually?get?sent?back（專家預(yù)計(jì)，今年這一數(shù)字將首次突破1萬(wàn)億美元。但數(shù)百萬(wàn)美元的購(gòu)買最終將被退回。）及下文Here's?what?you?need?to?know.（這里你需要了解以下幾點(diǎn)。）可知，文章后面闡述退貨存在的問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)C"Those?returns?can?have?a?big?environmental?impact.這些退貨可能會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生重大影響。"?符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文However，many?items?that?get?returned?never?go?back?on?sae.（然而，許多被退回的物品永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)重新銷售。）和下文About?5?billion?pounds?of?returned?goods?went?to?landfills?each?year，according?to?logistics（物流）company?Optoro.?（根據(jù)物流公司Optoro的數(shù)據(jù)，每年約有50億英鎊的退貨進(jìn)入垃圾填埋場(chǎng)。）?可知，設(shè)空部分應(yīng)該講的是這些退回物品會(huì)如何處理。選項(xiàng)F"Instead，they're?often?thrown?out，even?if?they're?still?brand-new.相反，他們經(jīng)常被扔掉，即使他們?nèi)匀皇侨碌摹??符合語(yǔ)境。故選F。（3）主旨大意題。根據(jù)下文When?you?send?a?product?back，companies?already?owe?you?a?refund，and?it?would?cost?them?even?more?to?ship?it?to?a?sorting?facility?and?have?someone?evaluate?whether?it?can?be?sold?again.（當(dāng)你退回一件產(chǎn)品時(shí)，公司已經(jīng)欠你一筆退款，如果他們把產(chǎn)品運(yùn)到分揀設(shè)施并讓人評(píng)估是否可以再次銷售，成本會(huì)更高。）可知，退貨對(duì)商家所產(chǎn)生的成本問(wèn)題。選項(xiàng)A"It?sounds?shocking，but?it?all?boils?down?to?cost.這聽起來(lái)令人震驚，但歸根結(jié)底是成本問(wèn)題。"?符合語(yǔ)境。故選A。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Although?it's?unlikely?that?returned?items?will?be?sold?as?new，some?items?get?sent?to?discount?stores.（雖然退回的物品不太可能像新的一樣出售，但是有些物品會(huì)被送到折扣店。）和下文Other?unwanted?items?might?be?sent?overseas-although?many?could?still?go?to?the?garbage?eventually.（其他不需要的物品可能會(huì)被送到海外——盡管許多物品最終還是會(huì)被扔進(jìn)垃圾箱。?）可知，提到了其它的返回的物品的可能的處理方式，舉例說(shuō)明電子類產(chǎn)品的處理方式，D項(xiàng)"Things?like?electronics?could?get?separated?into?parts.像電子產(chǎn)品的這類東西可能會(huì)被拆分成零件。"?符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。（5）推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Third-party?logistics?businesses?have?also?popped?up?to?help?clean?up?the?return?process.But?that's?not?enough?on?its?own.（第三方物流企業(yè)也紛紛出現(xiàn)，幫助清理回報(bào)過(guò)程。但這還不夠。）以及下文If?we?continue?to?shop?without?thinking?about?the?environmental?impacts?of?our?decisions，we'll?ultimately?have?very?unsustainable?supply?chains.?（如果我們繼續(xù)購(gòu)物，而不考慮我們的決定對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，我們最終將擁有不可持續(xù)發(fā)展的供應(yīng)鏈。）可知，提到了作為消費(fèi)者，消費(fèi)者要承擔(dān)起這個(gè)責(zé)任。選項(xiàng)B"The?responsibility?falls?on?us?consumers?as?well.責(zé)任也落在了我們消費(fèi)者身上。"?符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了網(wǎng)購(gòu)?fù)素洰a(chǎn)生的重大問(wèn)題及作為消費(fèi)者該如何去做。"七選五"選擇題，主要目的在于考查考生對(duì)文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。解題時(shí)最主要的兩個(gè)步驟就是1．理清文章的邏輯和結(jié)構(gòu)，2．在所給的原文中找出關(guān)鍵詞或者說(shuō)是線索詞。文章的整體思路能幫助你在答案中篩選出符合邏輯的選項(xiàng)，關(guān)鍵詞則能幫助你確定更多的細(xì)節(jié)，排除相近的選。得出正確的答案。21~40.【答案】D、C、B、C、D、A、A、D、A、B、B、A、B、B、C、A、B、A、D、B【解析】（1）考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.suggestions建議；B.improvements改進(jìn)，提高；C.discoveries發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.challenges挑戰(zhàn)。句意：每一個(gè)這樣的挑戰(zhàn)似乎都象征著我人生中邁向成功需要的又一個(gè)臺(tái)階。上文"IdidnotbelieveIwouldevenconsider，letalonedo"說(shuō)到很多想不敢想更不敢做的事情，應(yīng)該是很有挑戰(zhàn)性的事情，下文中攀巖就是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)的例子。故選D項(xiàng)。（2）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.offered提供；B.created創(chuàng)造；C.needed需要；D.missed錯(cuò)過(guò)；想念。句意：每一個(gè)這樣的挑戰(zhàn)似乎都象征著我人生中需要邁向成功的又一個(gè)臺(tái)階。結(jié)合下文"togetthroughtosuccess"可知走向成功需要挑戰(zhàn)，去克服挑戰(zhàn)是走向成功的一個(gè)必經(jīng)階段。故選C項(xiàng)。（3）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.build建造；B.climb攀爬；C.visit參觀；拜訪；D.report報(bào)道；回報(bào)。句意：不久前，我有一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)爬一堵巖壁。"rockwall"就是用來(lái)練習(xí)攀巖的，第7空后的句子及第13空后的句子都出現(xiàn)了climb一詞，原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。（4）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.say說(shuō)；B.judge評(píng)判；C.do做；D.see看見。句意：現(xiàn)在這聽起來(lái)并不難做到。主語(yǔ)that指代的就是"climbrockwall"，攀巖這件事是我要做的。故選C項(xiàng)。（5）考查副詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.straight一直；直接；B.back向后；返回；C.down向下；D.up向上。句意：但當(dāng)你往40英尺高的地方看去，看著那些你必須踩著并抓住的小東西時(shí)，這似乎并不那么容易。后面看到的"littlethings"指的是攀爬時(shí)手抓腳踩的突起，此時(shí)攀巖還沒(méi)開始，應(yīng)是向高處看。故選D項(xiàng)。（6）考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.easy容易的；輕松安逸的；B.dangerous危險(xiǎn)的；C.fantastic極好的；D.complex復(fù)雜的。句意：但當(dāng)你往40英尺高的地方看去，看著那些你必須踩著并抓住的小東西時(shí)，這似乎并不那么容易。上一句表示聽起來(lái)不難，本句but轉(zhuǎn)折，表示真做起來(lái)是很難的，并不容易，注意空前的否定詞not。故選A項(xiàng)。（7）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.thought認(rèn)為；B.proved證明，證實(shí)；C.concluded結(jié)束；得出結(jié)論；D.hoped希望。句意：至少我是這么想的。看著那么高，可抓可踩的東西那么小，爬到頂部真不是容易，這就是開始攀爬前我的想法。故選A項(xiàng)。（8）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.ignored忽視；B.admitted承認(rèn)；C.obtained得到；獲得；D.learned學(xué)習(xí)；得知。句意：每一只手和每一只腳都被小心翼翼地放好，我在向上爬的過(guò)程中學(xué)會(huì)了一件事，就是不要向后看或向下看。結(jié)合下文"notlookbackorlookdown"可知，這是親身經(jīng)歷過(guò)程中學(xué)習(xí)到的。故選D項(xiàng)。（9）考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.way方法；道路；B.time時(shí)間；C.amount量；D.tour旅游。句意：爬到一半時(shí)，我開始覺(jué)得累了，但我知道我能做到。根據(jù)下文"Icontinuedonestepatatime"可知此處指我是在攀爬的路程中，即爬到半路上，就累了。故選A項(xiàng)。（10）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.take拿；帶著；B.make制造；C.follow跟隨；D.give給與。句意：爬到半山腰時(shí)，我開始覺(jué)得累了，但我知道我能做到。固定表達(dá)makeit意為"成功"，前面說(shuō)爬到一半就累了，but轉(zhuǎn)折之后，應(yīng)該是有了經(jīng)驗(yàn)知道自己能堅(jiān)持下來(lái)，成功登頂。故選B項(xiàng)。（11）考查副詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.fast快速；B.far遠(yuǎn)地；C.soon不久；D.much多。句意：是的，我真得到達(dá)了頂部，站在四十英尺的高空向下看我已經(jīng)走了多遠(yuǎn)，這是一件多么快樂(lè)的事啊。從地面到40米頂部這也是一段很遠(yuǎn)的距離，與前面halfway呼應(yīng)。故選B項(xiàng)。（12）考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.achievement成就；B.appreciation感激；欣賞；C.independence獨(dú)立；D.familiarity熟悉。句意：回到地面和朋友們一起慶祝是多么有趣和成就感啊。一件覺(jué)得很難的挑戰(zhàn)，成功之后是應(yīng)該很有成就感的。故選A項(xiàng)。（13）考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.beer????啤酒；B.friends????朋友；C.flowers鮮花；D.audience觀眾。句意：回到地面和朋友們一起慶祝是多么有趣和成就感啊。攀巖時(shí)在一起，并且成功后與之一起慶祝的應(yīng)該是自己的朋友。故選B項(xiàng)。（14）考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.reminds提醒；使想起；B.directs指導(dǎo)；C.repr