高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)外刊語法填空(The cyberwar in Ukraine) 講義

ThecyberwarinUkraine

Thedigitalfront

Ukrainehasshownhow

cyber-defencecan

prevail

Warsaretestbedsfornewtechnology.TheKoreanwarsawjet

fighters

1.________(employed)

atscaleforthefirsttime.Israel

pioneered

theuseof

drones

as

radar

decoys

initswarwithEgyptin

1973.AndtheGulfwarof

1991

wasacoming-outpartyforGPS-guided

munitions.Russia’s

invasion

ofUkraineisthefirsttime2.__________(that)two

mature

cyber-powershavefoughteachotherovercomputernetworksin

wartime.Theresultisalessoninthelimitsof

cyber-powerandtheimportanceofhavingasounddefence.

Thepopularnotionofcyberwarhasbeenshapedby

lurid

and

dystopian

scenarios

ofan“electronicPearlHarbour”,first

envisaged

inthe

1990sandaccentuatedbythe

relentless

digitisationofsociety.Thosefearshavebeenfannedby

glimpses

ofthepossible.TheAmerican-IsraeliStuxnetworm,3._______(which)cametolightin

2010,

inflicted

damageonIraniannuclear

machinery

withfiendish

ingenuity.RussianmalwaresabotagedUkraine’spowergridin

2015

and

2016.

Yetwhenafull-blown

cyberwarcametoUkraine,theresultwas

modest.Thiswasnotforwantoftrying.RussiahasthrownvastamountsofmalwareatUkraine—thelargest

onslaught

ever,saysomeofficials.Thereweresome

notable

successes,suchasthe

disruption

ofViasat,a

commercial

satellite-communications

serviceusedbyUkraine’sgovernmentand4.________

(armed)

forces,lessthananhour5._________(before)the

invasion.

But,

despite

Russia’s

cyber-warriors,Ukraine’slights,powerandwaterstayedon.Thebanksremainedopen.Perhapsmostimportant,VolodymyrZelensky,Ukraine’spresident,continuedtomake

nightly

television

broadcasts

tothenation.How?

PartoftheanswerliesinRussia’smissteps.It

limited

its

initial

strikesbecauseit

assumed

thatUkrainianinfrastructurewouldsooncome6.________（under）itscontrol.Russia’s

cyber-forcesalsohavelessexperienceof

integrating

cyber-operationswith

military

onesthantheirAmerican

counterparts,whohavebeendoingitfor

30

years.

The

conflict

alsoshowshow

wartime

cyber-powerhasbeen

miscast.Spectacular

cyber-attacksarerarebecausetheyaremuchmore7.________

(demanding)than

commonly

thought.TheRussian

sabotage

ofUkraine’spowergridin

2016,forinstance,8._______(took)morethantwoyearstoprepare.Viasat-likeattacksarenotmass-produced

missiles

thatcanbe

launched

atanytarget.Theyarecustom-made.

?

Itisstillearly9._______(todraw）

solid

conclusions.Thewaris

raging

andnewmalwareisappearingallthetime.Russiamaybekeepingsomeofitsmost

potent

cyber-capabilities

in

reserve.Yetthefirstsignsareencouraging.Ithasoftenbeen

assumed

thatthe

cyber-domain

isanattacker’splayground,and10._______(that)malwarewillalwaysgetthroughandcause

devastation.Ukrainehas

defied

expectations

andshownthatevenoneoftheplanet’sbest-resourced

cyber-powerscanbekeptat

bay

witha

disciplined

andwell-organiseddefence.Answer：employedthatwhicharmedbeforeunderdemandingtooktodrawthat「解析」①短語：1.原文：TheAmerican-IsraeliStuxnetworm,whichcametolightin2010,inflicteddamageonIraniannuclearmachinerywithfiendishingenuity.詞典：cometolight暴露；真相大白；眾所周知例句：Newevidencehasrecently

come

to

light.\o"點擊發(fā)音"新的證據(jù)最近已披露出來。\o"點擊發(fā)音"\o"點擊發(fā)音"2.原文：Thiswasnotforwantoftrying.詞典：forwantof缺乏例句：Theprojectfailed

for

want

of

financialbacking.\o"點擊發(fā)音"這個項目由于缺少財政支援而告吹。3.原文：Thereweresomenotablesuccesses,suchasthedisruptionofViasat,acommercialsatellite-communicationsserviceusedbyUkraine’sgovernmentandarmedforces,lessthananhourbeforetheinvasion.詞典：armedforces武裝部隊；陸?？杖娎洌篍verymemberofthe

armed

forces

isahero.\o"點擊發(fā)音"武裝部隊的每個人都是英雄。4.原文：ItlimiteditsinitialstrikesbecauseitassumedthatUkrainianinfrastructurewouldsooncomeunderitscontrol.詞典：undercontrol處于控制之下；情況正常例句：We'vegottogettheeconomy

under

control

oritwillliterallyeatusup.\o"點擊發(fā)音"我們必須控制住經(jīng)濟(jì)，否則它真地就會把我們困住。5.原文：TheRussiansabotageofUkraine’spowergridin2016,forinstance,tookmorethantwoyearstoprepare.詞典：forinstance例如例句：Ifyousmellsomethingunusual(gasfumesorburning,

for

instance),takethecartoyourmechanic.\o"點擊發(fā)音"如果你聞到了異味（例如汽油味或燃燒味），就把車帶給你的修理工。6.原文：Oneisthatcyber-campaignscanrunoutofsteam.詞典：runoutofsteam失去勢頭；精疲力竭例句：Poorsupervision,badjobprospectsorlack

of

moneycausethemto

run

out

of

steam.\o"點擊發(fā)音"缺少職業(yè)指導(dǎo)，前途渺茫，經(jīng)濟(jì)拮據(jù)成了他們最終放棄的原因。7.原文：Theyresortedtomorebasicattacksthatcouldbelaunchedathightempoandscale.詞典：atahightempo快節(jié)奏地例句：Inthefirsthalftherewerelotsofgoodchances

at

bothendsandthegamewasplayed

at

a

high

tempo.\o"點擊發(fā)音"上半場雙方都機會多多，比賽節(jié)奏很快，質(zhì)量很高。8.原文：Thesecondimplicationisthatelaboratecyber-offensivesareoftenneededthemostwhenrawviolenceisoffthetable.詞典：offthetable不予考慮；免談例句：Oncedeathwas

off

the

table,however,jurorscouldconvictwithaclearerconscience.一旦死刑被廢除，陪審團(tuán)定罪就能更加問心無愧。9.原文：Russia’srecentairattacksshowthatIraniandronesareacheaperandsimplerwaytoknockoutthepowergrid.詞典：knockout敲空；擊倒；打破；使筋疲力竭例句：Whatkindsofeventscould

knock

out

adieselgenerator?\o"點擊發(fā)音"什么事件可能使得柴油發(fā)電機故障？10.原文：Wartimecyber-offensivestendtocomplementmilitaryactionratherthanreplaceit.詞典：ratherthan而不是；寧可……也不愿例句：Hewilldrain,

rather

than

enrich,thecountry.\o"點擊發(fā)音"他將耗盡而不是增加國家的財富。11.原文：So,too,didprivatefirmslikeMicrosoft,anAmericantechgiant,andESET,acyber-securitycompanyfromSlovakia,whichmonitortrafficonUkrainiannetworks,oftenusingartificialintelligencetocombthroughhugevolumesofcode.詞典：combthrough梳理例句：Comb

through

thehairtogetridofexcesshair.\o"點擊發(fā)音"把頭發(fā)里的頭發(fā)茬梳掉。11.原文：Itisstillearlytodrawsolidconclusions.詞典：drawconclusions下結(jié)論例句：It'stoosoonto

draw

conclusions

aboutacomplexissue.\o"點擊發(fā)音"對于這樣一個復(fù)雜的問題太快得出結(jié)論還為時過早。②長難句1.原文：TheAmerican-IsraeliStuxnetworm,whichcametolightin2010,inflicteddamageonIraniannuclearmachinerywithfiendishingenuity.2.分析：該句主句是（TheAmerican-IsraeliStuxnetworminflicteddamageonIraniannuclearmachinery；which引導(dǎo)了非限制性定語從句，先行詞是TheAmerican-IsraeliStuxnetworm，in2010是時間狀語。3.譯文：2010年曝光的美國—以色列震網(wǎng)蠕蟲病毒（American-IsraeliStuxnetworm）以極其巧妙的方式破壞了伊朗的核機器。原文：Ithasoftenbeenassumedthatthecyber-domainisanattacker’splayground,andthatmalwarewillalwaysgetthroughandcausedevastation.分析：主句的結(jié)構(gòu)為主語（It）謂（hasoftenbeenassumed）賓語從句（thatthecyber-domainisanattacker’splayground,andthatmalwarewillalwaysgetthroughandcausedevastation.）。that都引導(dǎo)賓語從句，第一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是主（thecyber-domain）系（is）表（anattacker’splayground），第二個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是主（malware）謂（willalwaysgetthroughandcause）賓（devastation）。譯文：人們都覺得，網(wǎng)絡(luò)領(lǐng)域就是攻擊者的游樂