2023年中考英語試題分項(xiàng)版解析匯編（第01期）專題20閱讀理解（科普或環(huán)境保護(hù)類或健康類）（含解析）

專題20閱讀理解〔科普或環(huán)境保護(hù)類或健康類〕1.【2023年內(nèi)蒙古赤峰市】閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)。請(qǐng)將正確答案序號(hào)按要求涂在答題卡指定位置。Labworkisfunbutyoumustbecareful.Listencarefullywhenyourteacherreadsandexplainstherulesbeforeyourfirstlablesson.LABRULESThroughoutthelessons*Donotenterthesciencelabwithouttheteacher'spermission(允許).*Nofoodordrinksaretobeallowedinthesciencelab.BeforetheExperiment*Readallinstructionscarefullybeforeeveryexperiment(實(shí)驗(yàn)).*Prepareallapparatus(儀器)andputtheminrightplacessothatyouwillnotknockthemoverwhiledoingtheexperiment.DuringtheExperiment*Ifyouareunsureofhowtouseanyapparatusorhowtooperate,askyourteacherforhelp.*Neversmellortastechemicalsunlessyourteachergivespermission.AftertheExperiment*Washallapparatusafteruseandreturnthemtotheplaceswheretheywere.*Throwwastematerialsintoproperwastebaskets.FirstAid*Reportallaccidentstoyourteacherimmediately.*Ifyouspillanychemicalsontoyourbodyorclothing,washwithplentyofwaterandreporttoyourteacher.31.YoumustknowtheLABRULES______thefirstlablessons.A.beforeB.sinceC.duringD.after32.Itisnecessaryforyouto______beforeeveryexperiment.A.readallinstructionscarefullyB.takeenoughfoodanddrinksC.smellchemicalsimmediatelyD.talkwithyourclassmates.33.Ifyouarenotsureofhowtouseanyapparatus,______.A.readtherulescarefullyB.trythemagainandagainC.askyourteacherforhelpD.returnallapparatustotheplaceswheretheywere34.Theunderlinedword“spill〞means______.A.照射B.傷害C.摔下D.濺出35.Whenyouareinthesciencelab,youmustn’t______.A.becarefulinordertopreventinjuryB.listencarefullywhenyourteacherexplainstherulesC.tastechemicalswithouttheteacher’spermissionD.throwwastematerialsintoproperwastebaskets【答案】31.A 32.A33.C34.D35.C【解析】考點(diǎn)：科普類短文閱讀。2.【2023年山東青島】閱讀理解Ourabagthatwein.InsidethebagourbodiesaremostlyOurwaterthewaterthesea.ItAlso,theocean,wecanloseourThewindandthesuncouldOurbagofkeepsouroceanfromup.Ourskinkeepsoutsunshine.muchsunshinecanhurtus.alsokeepsoutimportantbecausekindsofdirtcanusOurskinfeelsItfeelswarmcoldtouches,andthathurtAcampfirefeelsAsnowballthrownourfacefeelscoldandhurtsus.Ahugthetouchofanotherskinonourown.OurhairaspecialkindofIthelpsuskeepoutofoureyes,earsandnose.HairalsogoodforkeepingusWhenwegoosebumps(雞皮疙瘩),ourbodyhairsstandup.Thenthehairsholdaircloseourskinathickblanket(毯子).Hairkeepstoo.Someanimalshavehairthanothers,sotheyhaveabetterblanketforcoldOurnails(指甲)areanotherspecialskinwhicharehard.Theyhelpkeepourfromgettinghurt.Ournailsasstrongasthenailsthatanimalshave.Buttheyaregoodforupcoins.OurabagfullofOurkeepsoutdirtandsunshine.Ourhelpsusfeeltouchorhurtothers.Ourhairhelpsprotectoureyes,earsandnose.Ournailsareweakerthanthenailsthatanimalshavebutcankeepoursafe.【答案】16.B 17.A18.B19.A20.A【解析】animalshave.應(yīng)選A?？键c(diǎn)：科普類短文閱讀。3.【2023年山東泰安】閱讀理解Youdon’tneedtogetinatime-travellingmachinetoseehowtechnologywillchangeourlives,suchasthewayweshop.Severalnewtechnologiesthataretochangeyourbuyinghabitsalreadyappear.Let’sseewhat’sinstoreforyourfutureshopping.Tryiton,virtually〔虛擬地〕.Wanttoshoponlineforanewpairofglasses?Youdon’tneedtoguesswhichpairlooksbestonyou—usetheeBayFashioniPhoneapptotryapairofglassesyou’recheckingoutonapictureofyourface.Butwhataboutbuyingsomethingbigger?ThankstoMicrosoftKinect’sactiontracking〔跟蹤〕camera,youcancoverclothesonyourscreenbody.Youcanevenchoosethebackgroundofyourvirtualfittingroomtoimproveyourshoppingexperience.Getaperfect,customfit.Everyone’sbodyisshapeddifferently.Togetaperfectfit,yousometimeshavetogetyourclotheschanged.Butbyusing3Dscanningtechnology,alltheclothesyoubuywillfityourbodyperfectly.Somecompaniesscan〔掃描〕yourbodyusingHigh-techtogettherealsizes,sotheycanmakespecialclothesjustforyou.High-techshoppingcarts〔推車〕andcheckoutcounters〔收銀臺(tái)〕.High-techshoppingcartscouldbecommoninmallsandsupermarketsinthefuture.MicrosoftKinect-enabledcartsareundertest.Thecartcanfollowyoualongtheaisles〔通道〕,controlledonlybyyourmovementandyourvoice.IntheUnitedStates,severalsupermarketsuseacertainsetcalled“ScanIt〞thatgivesbuyersthefreedomtoscanproductsontheirownwhiletheyshop.Ifwedon’twanttowaitinlinebeforethecheckoutcounters,wecanuseToshiba’snewobjectRecognitionScanner.Themachineidentifies〔識(shí)別〕aproductassoonasit’splacedinfrontofacamerajustbyitsshapeandcolor,evenifithasnobarcode.57.AccordingtoParagraph2,theeBayFashioniPhoneappcan______.A.onlymakepicturesofourfacesB.helpussellmoreclothesonlineC.createusavirtualdressingroomD.choosesuitableglassesforus58.Whichofthefollowingcanhelpgetthecorrectshapeofourbody?A.ObjectRecognitionScanner.B.TheeBayFashioniPhoneapp.C.3Dscanningtechnology.D.MicrosoftKinect-enabledcarts.59.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Checkoutcounterswilldisappearfromsupermarketsinfuture.B.High-techshoppingcartswillbewidelyusedinmallsandsupermarketsC.“ScanIt〞cannotbeusedbybuyersthemselves.D.Thenewtechnologiesareonlydreamsthatareimpossibletocometrue.60.Thispassagemainlytalksabout______.A.anewtime-travellingmachineB.theinfluenceofnewtechnologyC.someinventionstochangehabitsD.thewaysforfutureshopping【答案】 57.D58.C59.B60.D【解析】試題分析：這篇短文主要介紹了作者通過選購方式，付款方式等為例詳細(xì)介紹了未來人們可行的購物方式?？键c(diǎn)：科普類短文閱讀。4.【2023年四川成都】閱讀下面兩篇短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案。Animalsgrowupindifferentways.Somenewbornanimalsarehelplessbuttheirmothersprotectthem.Anewbornkangarooisverysmall.Itisonlyafewcentimeterslong.Itclosesitseyesanddoesn'thavehair.Itstayssafeinitsmother'spouch〔育兒袋〕foralongtime.Anewbornmonkeycannotwalk,Itsmothercarriesiteverywhere.Otherbabyanimalscanwalksoonafterthey'reborn.Theylearntorunwiththeirmotherswhendangerisnear.Abayzebracanrun,anhourafteritisborn.Somebabyanimalsareborninaplacethatissafe.Babywolvesareusuallyborninbigholeswithlittlelight.Otherbabyanimalsarebornintheopen.Ababyelephantisoftenbornontheopenland.Animalsthatdrinktheirmothers'milkarecalledmammals.Amotherbear'smilkisrich.Babybearshavemilkforafewmonths.Thisisthesamewithbabyzebras.Asbabyanimalsgrow,theyneedsolid〔固體的〕food.Babylionseatwhattheirmothercancatch!71.Accordingtothepassage,manynewbornanimalsneedtheirmothers'helpbecausethebabiescan't_______.A.lookafterthemselvesB.eatanyfoodC.walkbythemselves72.Anewbornmonkey'smothercarriesiteverywherebecause______.A.itisverysmallB.itcan'twalkC.itclosesitseyes73.Babywolvesareusuallybornina(an)______place.A.openB.brightC.safe74.Newbornmammals'mainfoodis________.A.mother'smilkB.solidfoodC.smalleranimals75.Howmanykindsofbabyanimalsarementionedinthispassage?A.SixB.SevenC.Eight【答案】71.A72.B73.C74.A75.B【解析】考點(diǎn)：科普類短文閱讀。5.【2023年浙江金華】閱讀理解閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng)。Almostallanimalsneedtosleeptostayhealthy.Butsleepingcanalsobedangerousbecauseotheranimalsmayhurtthosewhoaresleeping.Thisleadstomanydifferentwaysofsleepingthathelpthemstaysafe.Someofthesewaysmaysurpriseyou!Almostallbatssleepupsidedown.Theyhangfromabranchofatreeortheceilingofacave.Uphigh,batsaresafefrommostotheranimals.Iftheyareindanger,theyjustflyaway.Adolphinsleepswithjusthalfitsbrainatatime.Itmuststayawaketobreatheandtowatchfordanger.Dolphinmothersandbabiescangowithoutsleepforaslongastwomonthstostaysafe.Someduckssleepwithjusthalftheirbrains,too.Theseducksoftensleepinaline.Theducksatbothendshelptokeepthegroupsafe.Theykeeponeeyeopentowatchfordanger.Theducksinthemiddlesleepdeeplywithbotheyesclosed.Sealsbreatheair,butthatdoesn’tstopsomeofthemfromsleepingunderwater.Theyholdtheirbreathanddivedeeptosleepforuptotwentyminutesatatime.Sleepingdeepunderwaterhelpsthesesealsstaysafefromanimalsthathuntthemnearthesurface.Horsesoftensleepstandingup.Theirlegslockinplacesotheydon’tfallover.Ifahorseislyingdown,itneedsalongtimetogetup.Ahorsecanrunfromdangermorequicklyifitisalreadystanding.Aflamingocansleepwhilestandingononeleg.Thestandingleglockssoitstaysstraight.Theotherlegremainsclosetotheflamingo’sbody.Itsheadrestsonitsback.Aflamingolives(andsleeps)nearmanyotherbirdstostaysafe.Someseabirdscansleepwhiletheyfly.Theselargebirdsspendmostoftheirlivesovertheocean.Theyareindangeronthewater,buttheyaresafeintheair.Theyflyformanyhourswithoutflapping〔拍打〕theirwings.Sometimestheysleepwhiletheyareflying.Wouldyouliketosleephowtheysleep?38.Theanimalsthatsleepwithhalftheirbrainsare_______.A.ducksandsealsB.dolphinsandducksC.batsanddolphinsD.flamingosandseabirds39.Horsesoftenstandupwhentheysleepbecause_______.A.theycanrunfromdangerquicklyB.theyareafraidoffallingoverC.thishelpsthemtosleepdeeplyD.ittakesthemalongtimetogotosleep40.Theunderlinedword“hunt〞inParagraph5probablymeans_______.A.offertohelpB.cometoteachC.refusetoprotectD.wanttokill41.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowanimalssleepB.SleeptostayhealthyC.SleepasanimalsdoD.Whatsleepinganimalsarelike【答案】38.B 39.A40.D41.A【解析】animals的定語，而animals是海豹遠(yuǎn)離的對(duì)象，故可以推測(cè)hunt意思是D，應(yīng)選D。41.A標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)短文通過作者舉例說明了動(dòng)物為了防止在睡覺時(shí)受到傷害而形成的不同的睡眠方式。應(yīng)選A。考點(diǎn)：科普類短文閱讀。6.【2023年浙江麗水】閱讀理解。閱讀以下材料,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng).Thinkofasimpleobject—apieceofchalk,forexample.Areyourememberingitsname,itsshape,itscolororitssize?Areyourememberingwhatitisusedfor,orthesounditmakeswhentheteacherwritesontheblackboard?Scientistssaythatmemoryincludesdifferentpartsofthebrain,suchaslanguageandtheabilityofsense.Theybelievethatyoubegintocreateamemorywhenyounoticesomethingyou’reyoursenses.Thenmessagesaresenttodifferentbraincells,whichjointogethertoformconnections.Anewconnectiongoesintoyourshort—termmemory.Itisstoredthereforabout30seconds,andthenitiseitherlostorstoredinyourlong—termmemory.Havingagoodmemorymeansmakinglotsofconnectionsandstoringtheminyourlong—termmemory.Todothis,youneedtokeepyourbrainingoodshape.Eatplentyofbrainfoodsuchasfishoil,fruitandvegetables.Laughteralsomakesyourbrainmoreactive.Also,don’tforgettoexercise.Sodosomesportsorjustmovearoundalotinthehouse.Finally,getplentyofsleep.Thiswillmakeyourmemoriesgrowstronger.Whenyouwanttoremembernewinformation,youmustpayspecialattention.Useyoursenses--sight,smell,hearingandtouch-andkeeprepeatingtheinformation.Todowellinyourexamsthisyear,turnofftheTV,silenceyourmobile,andreviewyourworkregularly.Toremembersomethingspecial,useyourimaginationtocreatevisual(視覺的)connections.Forexample,youneedtotakeapencil,aneraser,yourIDcardandchipstoyournextexam.ImaginetheIDcardasthebodyofananimal,thepencilitslongneck,andtheeraseritshead.Youranimalishungry,sonowimagineiteatingabagofchips.Itmaysoundcrazy,butitsfunanditworks.Anotherwayistodosomethingdifferenttoyourroom.Turnapictureupside-down,ortieasockaroundthedoorhandletoremind(提醒)yourselfofsomethingtoremember!38.Atthebeginning,thewritergivesanexampleto_________.A.leadinthetopicofthearticleB.showtheimportanceofchalkC.letreadersrememberthewordD.makereadersknowhisfavorite39.HowmanywaysarementionedtohaveagoodmemoryinParagraph2?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.40.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphis___________.A.howtodowellinexamsB.howtoremembernewinformationC.whytoreviewyourworkD.whattoeattomakememoriesstronger41.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Memoryhasnothingtodowithlanguages.B.Laughtercanhelptoimproveourmemory.C.Apictureofeatingchipsisthemostuseful.D.Ourbrainisdifficulttokeepingoodshape.【答案】38.A 39.C40.B41.B【解析】考點(diǎn)：科普類短文閱讀。7.【2023年浙江紹興】閱讀理解。閱讀下面材料，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最正確答案。Haveyoueverseenacarwithoutadriver?Itsoundscrazy,butthesecomputer-drivendriverlesscarswillsoonbefillingroadsnearyou.CompanieslikeGoogleandTeslahavebeendesigningandtestingthesecars,andthetechnologyisthere.Sohow?Thecarshavesensors〔感應(yīng)器〕allaroundwhichcanfindothercarsandobjectsintheroad.Roadsignsarereadbycameras,andsatellitenavigationsystems〔衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)〕areusedsothecarknowshowtogetwhereyouwanttogo.Allyouhavetodoistypeintheaddress!Finally,acentralcomputersystemtakesinalltheinformationthatitreceivesfromthesensorsandcamerasandworksoutwhentospeedup,stopandturn.Soundlikeyourideaofheaven〔天堂〕?Sittingback,lookingoutofthewindowsandevenwatchingafilmorreadingabookwhile‘driving’wouldbepossiblewiththisnewtechnology.Youwouldn’thavetoworryaboutrememberingdirectionstowhereyou’regoing.Inaddition,compu