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本科實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告實(shí)驗(yàn)名稱:VHDL語(yǔ)言及集成電路設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)課程名稱:VHDL語(yǔ)言及集成電路設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間:2023.5任課教師:桂小琰實(shí)驗(yàn)地點(diǎn):4-427實(shí)驗(yàn)教師:任仕偉實(shí)驗(yàn)類(lèi)型:□原理驗(yàn)證□綜合設(shè)計(jì)□自主創(chuàng)新學(xué)生姓名:組號(hào):學(xué)院:信息與電子學(xué)院同組搭檔:專(zhuān)業(yè):電子科學(xué)與技術(shù)成績(jī):實(shí)驗(yàn)一:帶有異步復(fù)位端的D觸發(fā)器一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?1)熟悉linux操作環(huán)境和modelsim軟件環(huán)境(2)理解時(shí)序邏輯和組合邏輯電路的區(qū)別(3)理解并行語(yǔ)句和順序語(yǔ)句(4)用VHDL語(yǔ)言編寫(xiě)一個(gè)帶有異步復(fù)位端的D觸發(fā)器及其測(cè)試文獻(xiàn)二、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理(1)組合邏輯和時(shí)序邏輯eq\o\ac(○,1)組合邏輯電路當(dāng)前輸出的值僅取決于當(dāng)前的輸入,不需要觸發(fā)器等具有存儲(chǔ)能力的邏輯單元,僅僅使用組合邏輯門(mén)eq\o\ac(○,2)時(shí)序邏輯電路的當(dāng)前輸出不僅取決于當(dāng)前的輸入,還與以前的輸入有關(guān),這類(lèi)電路中涉及寄存器等元件,也涉及組合邏輯電路,寄存器通過(guò)一個(gè)反饋環(huán)和組合邏輯模塊相連。觸發(fā)器便是屬于時(shí)序邏輯電路(2)并行和順序代碼從本質(zhì)上講,VHDL代碼是并發(fā)執(zhí)行的。只有PROCESS,FUNCTION或PROCEDURE內(nèi)的代碼才是順序執(zhí)行的。當(dāng)它們作為一個(gè)整體時(shí),與其他模塊之間又是并發(fā)執(zhí)行的。以下是3個(gè)并發(fā)描述語(yǔ)句(stat(yī)1,stat2和stat3)的代碼,會(huì)產(chǎn)生同樣的電路結(jié)構(gòu)。stat1stat3stat1stat2=stat2=stat3=其他排列順序stat(yī)3stat1stat(yī)2(3)并行語(yǔ)句——進(jìn)程(PROCESS)eq\o\ac(○,1)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu):[進(jìn)程名:]PROCESS(敏感信號(hào)列表)[變量說(shuō)明語(yǔ)句]…BEGIN…(順序執(zhí)行的代碼)…ENDPROCESS[進(jìn)程名];eq\o\ac(○,2)PROCESS的特點(diǎn)1多進(jìn)程之間是并行執(zhí)行的;2進(jìn)程結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部的所有語(yǔ)句都是順序執(zhí)行的;3進(jìn)程中可訪問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)體或?qū)嶓w中所定義的信號(hào);4進(jìn)程的啟動(dòng)是由敏感信號(hào)列表所標(biāo)明的信號(hào)來(lái)觸發(fā),也可以用WAIT語(yǔ)句等待一個(gè)觸發(fā)條件的成立。5各進(jìn)程之間的通信是由信號(hào)來(lái)傳遞的。(4)帶有異步復(fù)位端的D觸發(fā)器eq\o\ac(○,1)電路符號(hào)eq\o\ac(○,2)功能表RDCPQ0xx01x0保持1x1保持10上升沿011上升沿1三、實(shí)驗(yàn)代碼LIBRARYI(mǎi)EEE;USEIEEE.STD_LO(píng)GIC_1164.ALL;ENTITYdffISPORT(d,clk,rst:INSTD_LOGIC;q:OUTSTD_LOGIC);ENDdff;ARCHITECTUREbehaviorOFdffISBEGINPROCESS(rst,clk)BEGINIF(rst='1')THENq<='0';ELSIF(clk'EVENTANDclk='1')THENq<=d;ENDIF;ENDPROCESS;endARCHITECTUREbehavior;測(cè)試文獻(xiàn):libraryIEEE;useieee.std_logic_1164.all;entitydff_tbisenddff_tb;architecturetb_behaviorofdff_tbiscomponentdffport(d,rst,clk:instd_logic;q:outstd_logic);endcomponent;constantclk_period:time:=50ns;signald,clk,q,rst:std_logic;begindut:dffportmap(d=>d,clk=>clk,rst=>rst,q=>q);clk_gen:processbeginclk<='0';waitforclk_period/2;clk<='1';waitforclk_period/2;endprocess;d_gen:processbeginwaitfor100ns;d<='1';waitfor100ns;d<='0';endprocess;rst_gen:processbeginrst<='1';waitfor150ns;rst<='0';waitfor500ns;rst<='1';waitfor150ns;wait;endprocess;endtb_behavior;四、仿真結(jié)果實(shí)驗(yàn)二步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制器一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?)理解兩種狀態(tài)機(jī)的區(qū)別(2)熟悉兩種編程風(fēng)格(3)編寫(xiě)B(tài)CD計(jì)數(shù)器和步進(jìn)電機(jī)二、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理(1)米里型狀態(tài)機(jī)和摩爾型狀態(tài)機(jī)米里(Mealy)型狀態(tài)機(jī):狀態(tài)機(jī)的輸出信號(hào)不僅與電路的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)有關(guān),還與當(dāng)前的輸入有關(guān)摩爾(Moore)型狀態(tài)機(jī):狀態(tài)機(jī)的當(dāng)前輸出僅僅由當(dāng)前狀態(tài)決定(2)有限狀態(tài)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)流程:1理解問(wèn)題背景。2邏輯抽象,得出狀態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)移圖。3狀態(tài)簡(jiǎn)化。4狀態(tài)分派。5用VHDL來(lái)描述有限狀態(tài)機(jī)。(3)BCD計(jì)數(shù)器原理圖(4)步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制器原理圖步進(jìn)電機(jī)狀態(tài)與輸出信號(hào)的相應(yīng)關(guān)系狀態(tài)輸出狀態(tài)S0S1S2S30001001001001000三、實(shí)驗(yàn)代碼(1)BCD計(jì)數(shù)器libraryieee;useiee(cuò)e.std_logic_1164.all;entitycounterisport(clk,rst:instd_logic;count:outstd_logic_vector(3downto0));endcounter;architecturestate_machineofcounteristypestateis(zero,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine);signalpr_stat(yī)e,nx_state:stat(yī)e;beginprocess(rst,clk)beginif(rst='1')thenpr_state<=nx_state;endif;endprocess;process(pr_state)begincasepr_stat(yī)eiswhenzero=>count<="0000";nx_state<=one;whenone=>count<="0001";nx_state<=two;whentwo=>count<="0010";nx_state<=three;whenthree=>count<="0011";nx_state<=four;whenfour=>count<="0100";nx_state<=five;whenfive=>count<="0101";nx_state<=six;whensix=>count<="0110";nx_state<=seven;whenseven=>count<="0111";nx_state<=eight;wheneight=>count<="1000";nx_state<=nine;whennine=>count<="1001";nx_state<=zero;endcase;endprocess;endstate_machine;(2)步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制器libraryiee(cuò)e;useiee(cuò)e.std_logic_1164.all;entitystepmotorisport(clk,rst,x:instd_logic;output:outstd_logic_vector(3downto0));endstepmotor;architecturestate_machineofstepmotoristypestateis(s0,s1,s2,s3);signalpr_state,nx_state:state;beginprocess(clk,rst)beginif(rst='1')thenpr_state<=s0;elsif(clk'eventandclk='1')thenpr_state<=nx_state;endif;endprocess;process(pr_state,x)beginif(x='0')thencasepr_stateiswhens0=>output<="0001";nx_state<=s3;whens1=>output<="0010";nx_state<=s0;whens2=>output<="0100";nx_state<=s1;whens3=>output<="1000";nx_state<=s2;endcase;elsif(x='1')thencasepr_stateiswhens0=>output<="0001";nx_state<=s1;whens1=>output<="0010";nx_state<=s2;whens2=>output<="0100";nx_state<=s3;whens3=>output<="1000";nx_state<=s0;endcase;endif;endprocess;endstate_machine;四、仿真結(jié)果BCD計(jì)數(shù)器步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制器實(shí)驗(yàn)三十六位加法器設(shè)計(jì)一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?1)掌握元件例化的方法(2)理解for/generate語(yǔ)句的用法(3)編程完畢4位加法器和16位加法器的設(shè)計(jì)二、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理(1)元件的例化元件聲明是對(duì)VHDL模塊(即底層設(shè)計(jì),也是完整的VHDL設(shè)計(jì))的說(shuō)明,使之可在其他被調(diào)用,元件聲明可放在程序包中,也可在某個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)的構(gòu)造體中聲明。

元件例化指元件的調(diào)用。元件聲明及元件例化的語(yǔ)法分別如下:

元件聲明:

component〈元件實(shí)體名〉

prot(〈元件端口信息,同該元件實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)的實(shí)體的port部分〉);

end

compnent;元件例化:〈例化名〉:〈實(shí)體名,即元件名〉port

map(〈端口列表〉);(2)生成語(yǔ)句(GENERATE)GENERATE語(yǔ)句用于循環(huán)執(zhí)行某項(xiàng)操作。FOR模式的生成語(yǔ)句重要用于相同結(jié)構(gòu)的描述中;FOR模式語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu):FOR/GENERATE:標(biāo)號(hào):FOR變量IN離散區(qū)間GENERATE(并行解決語(yǔ)句);ENDGENERATE;(3)16位加法器的設(shè)計(jì)三、實(shí)驗(yàn)代碼4位加法器:libraryieee;useieee.std_logic_1164.a(chǎn)ll;entityadder4isport(a,b:instd_logic_vector(3downto0);cin:instd_logic;s:outstd_logic_vector(3downto0);cout:outstd_logic);endadder4;architecturebehavofadder4issignalc:std_logic_vector(4downto0);signalp:std_logic_vector(3downto0);signalg:std_logic_vector(3downto0);beginG1:foriin0to3generatep(i)<=a(i)xorb(i);g(i)<=a(i)andb(i);s(i)<=p(i)xorc(i);endgenerate;c(0)<=cin;c(1)<=(cinandp(0))org(0);c(2)<=(cinandp(0)andP(1))or(g(0)andp(1))org(1);c(3)<=(cinandp(0)andP(1)andP(2))or(g(0)andp(1)andP(2))or(g(1)andP(2))org(2);c(4)<=(cinandp(0)andP(1)andP(2)andP(3))or(g(0)andp(1)andP(2)andP(3))or(g(1)andP(2)andP(3))or(g(2)andP(3))org(3);cout<=c(4);endbehav;16位加法器:libraryieee;useiee(cuò)e.std_logic_1164.a(chǎn)ll;entityadderisport(a,b:instd_logic_vector(15downto0);s:outstd_logic_vector(15downto0);cin:instd_logic;cout:outstd_logic);endadder;architecturebehavofadderiscomponentadder4isport(a,b:instd_logic_vector(3downto0);s:outstd_logic_vector(3downto0);cin:instd_logic;cout:outstd_logic);endcomponent;signalm1,m2,m3:std_logic;beginu1:adder4portmap(a(3downto0),b(3downto0),s(3downto0),cin,m1);u2:adder4portmap(a(7downto4),b(7downto4),s(7downto4),m1,m2);u3:adder4portmap(a(11downto8),b(11downto8),s(11downto8),m2,m3);u4:adder4portmap(a(15downto12),b(15downto12),s(15downto12),m3,cout);endbehav;測(cè)試程序:libraryieee;useieee.std_logic_1164.all;entityadder_tbisendentityadder_tb;architecturebehavofadder_tbiscomponentadderport(a,b:instd_logic_vector(15downto0);s:outstd_logic_vector(15downto0);cin:instd_logic;cout:outstd_logic);endcomponent;signalclk:std_logic:='0';signala,b:std_logic_vector(15downto0);signals:std_logic_vector(15downto0);signalcin:std_logic;signalcout:std_logic;beginw:adderportmap(a=>a,b=>b,s=>s,cin=>cin,cout=>cout);processbegina<=x"0000";b<=x"0000";cin<='1';waitfor100ns;a<="0001";b<="0111";cin<='0';waitfor100ns;a<=x"1111";b<=x"1111";cin<='1';waitfor100ns;a<="0001";b<="0111";cin<='1';wait;endprocess;endbehav;四、仿真結(jié)果實(shí)驗(yàn)四選擇運(yùn)算器一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康?(1)對(duì)前幾次實(shí)驗(yàn)用到的知識(shí)進(jìn)行總結(jié)(2)綜合運(yùn)用理論課上的知識(shí),完畢選擇運(yùn)算器的設(shè)計(jì)二、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理(1)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)定:輸出信號(hào):一個(gè)COUT(15:0),16位乘法器:規(guī)定用部分積實(shí)現(xiàn)加法器:8位加法器,高7位補(bǔ)零完畢比較器、乘法器、加法器的設(shè)計(jì),不可以直接使用+,x運(yùn)算符直接實(shí)現(xiàn)。(2)選擇器運(yùn)算器總原理圖如下:(3)乘法器部分采用并行乘法器(4)加法器:8位加法器的設(shè)計(jì)和上一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)類(lèi)似,先設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)4位加法器,進(jìn)而編譯8位加法器。三、實(shí)驗(yàn)代碼與門(mén):libraryieee;useieee.std_logic_1164.a(chǎn)ll;entityand_2isport(a,b:instd_logic;y:outstd_logic);endand_2;architecturebehavofand_2isbeginy<=aandb;endbehav;全加器:libraryieee;useieee(cuò).std_logic_1164.all;entityfauisport(a,b,cin:instd_logic;s,cout:outstd_logic);endfau;architecturebehavoffauisbegins<=axorbxorcin;cout<=(aandb)or(aandcin)or(bandcin);endbehav;頂層:libraryieee;useieee.std_logic_1164.all;usework.my_components.all;entitytop_rowisport(a:instd_logic;b:instd_logic_vector(7downto0);sout,cout:outstd_logic_vector(6downto0);p:outstd_logic);endtop_row;architecturebehavoftop_rowisbeginu1:componentand_2portmap(a,b(7),sout(6));u2:componentand_2portmap(a,b(6),sout(5));u3:componentand_2portmap(a,b(5),sout(4));u4:componentand_2portmap(a,b(4),sout(3));u5:componentand_2portmap(a,b(3),sout(2));u6:componentand_2portmap(a,b(2),sout(1));u7:componentand_2portmap(a,b(1),sout(0));u8:componentand_2portmap(a,b(0),p);u9:foriin0to6generatecout(i)<='0';endgenerate;endbehav;中層:libraryieee(cuò);useiee(cuò)e.std_logic_1164.all;usework.my_components.all;entitymid_rowisport(a:instd_logic;b:instd_logic_vector(7downto0);sin,cin:instd_logic_vector(6downto0);sout,cout:outstd_logic_vector(6downto0);p:outstd_logic);endmid_row;architecturebehavofmid_rowissignaland_out:std_logic_vector(6downto0);beginu1:componentand_2portmap(a,b(7),sout(6));u2:componentand_2portmap(a,b(6),and_out(6));u3:componentand_2portmap(a,b(5),and_out(5));u4:componentand_2portmap(a,b(4),and_out(4));u5:componentand_2portmap(a,b(3),and_out(3));u6:componentand_2portmap(a,b(2),and_out(2));u7:componentand_2portmap(a,b(1),and_out(1));u8:componentand_2portmap(a,b(0),and_out(0));u9:componentfauportmap(sin(6),cin(6),and_out(6),sout(5),cout(6));u10:componentfauportmap(sin(5),cin(5),and_out(5),sout(4),cout(5));u11:componentfauportmap(sin(4),cin(4),and_out(4),sout(3),cout(4));u12:componentfauportmap(sin(3),cin(3),and_out(3),sout(2),cout(3));u13:componentfauportmap(sin(2),cin(2),and_out(2),sout(1),cout(2));u14:componentfauportmap(sin(1),cin(1),and_out(1),sout(0),cout(1));u15:componentfauportmap(sin(0),cin(0),and_out(0),p,cout(0));endbehav;底層:libraryiee(cuò)e;useieee.std_logic_1164.all;usework.my_components.a(chǎn)ll;entitylower_rowisport(sin,cin:instd_logic_vector(6downto0);p:outstd_logic_vector(7downto0));endlower_row;architecturebehavoflower_rowissignallocal:std_logic_vector(6downto0);beginlocal(0)<='0';u1:componentfauportmap(sin(0),cin(0),local(0),p(0),local(1));u2:componentfauportmap(sin(1),cin(1),local(1),p(1),local(2));u3:componentfauportmap(sin(2),cin(2),local(2),p(2),local(3));u4:componentfauportmap(sin(3),cin(3),local(3),p(3),local(4));u5:componentfauportmap(sin(4),cin(4),local(4),p(4),local(5));u6:componentfauportmap(sin(5),cin(5),local(5),p(5),local(6));u7:componentfauportmap(sin(6),cin(6),local(6),p(6),p(7));endbehav;乘法器用到的的元件聲明:libraryieee;useieee(cuò).std_logic_1164.all;packagemy_componentsiscomponentand_2isport(a,b:instd_logic;y:outstd_logic);endcomponent;componentfauisport(a,b,cin:instd_logic;s,cout:outstd_logic);endcomponent;componenttop_rowisport(a:instd_logic;b:instd_logic_vector(7downto0);sout,cout:outstd_logic_vector(6downto0);p:outstd_logic);endcomponent;componentmid_rowisport(a:instd_logic;b:instd_logic_vector(7downto0);sin,cin:instd_logic_vector(6downto0);sout,cout:outstd_logic_vector(6downto0);p:outstd_logic);endcomponent;componentlower_rowisport(sin,cin:instd_logic_vector(6downto0);p:outstd_logic_vector(7downto0));endcomponent;endmy_components;乘法器:libraryieee(cuò);useieee.std_logic_1164.all;usework.my_components.all;entitymultiplierisport(a,b:instd_logic_vector(7downto0);prod:outstd_logic_vector(15downto0));endmultiplier;architecturebehavofmultiplieristypematrixisarray(0to7)ofstd_logic_vector(6downto0);signals,c:mat(yī)rix;beginu1:componenttop_rowportmap(a(0),b,s(0),c(0),prod(0));u2:componentmid_rowportmap(a(1),b,s(0),c(0),s(1),c(1),prod(1));u3:componentmid_rowportmap(a(2),b,s(1),c(1),s(2),c(2),prod(2));u4:componentmid_rowportmap(a(3),b,s(2),c(2),s(3),c(3),prod(3));u5:componentmid_rowportmap(a(4),b,s(3),c(3),s(4),c(4),prod(4));u6:componentmid_rowportmap(a(5),b,s(4),c(4),s(5),c(5),prod(5));u7:componentmid_rowportmap(a(6),b,s(5),c(5),s(6),c(6),prod(6));u8:componentmid_rowportmap(a(7),b,s(6),c(6),s(7),c(7),prod(7));u9:componentlower_rowportmap(s(7),c(7),prod(15downto8));endbehav;4位加法器:libraryieee(cuò);useieee.std_logic_1164.all;entityadder4isport(a,b:instd_logic_vector(3downto0);cin:instd_logic;s:outstd_logic_vector(3downto0);cout:outstd_logic);endadder4;architecturebehavofadder4issignalc:std_logic_vector(4downto0);signalp:std_logic_vector(3downto0);signalg:std_logic_vector(3downto0);beginG1:foriin0to3generat(yī)ep(i)<=a(i)xorb(i);g(i)<=a(i)andb(i);s(i)<=p(i)xorc(i);endgenerat(yī)e;c(0)<=cin;c(1)<=(cinandp(0))org(0);c(2)<=(cinandp(0)andP(1))or(g(0)andp(1))org(1);c(3)<=(cinandp(0)andP(1)andP(2))or(g(0)andp(1)andP(2))or(g(1)andP(2))org(2);c(4)<=(cinandp(0)andP(1)andP(2)andP(3))or(g(0)andp(1)andP(2)andP(3))or(g(1)andP(2)andP(3))or(g(2)andP(3))org(3);cout<=c(4);endbehav;8位加法器:libraryieee;useieee.std_logic_1164.a(chǎn)ll;entityadderisport(a,b:instd_logic_vector(7downto0);s:outstd_logic_vector(7downto0);cin:instd_logic;cout:outstd_logic);endadder;architecturebehavofadderiscomponentadder4isport(a,b:instd_logic_vector(3downto0);s:outstd_logic_vector(3downto0);cin:instd_logic;cout:outstd_logic);endcomponent;signalm1,m2,m3:std_logic;beginu1:adder4portmap(a(3downto0),b(3downto0),s(3downto0),cin,m1);u2:adder4portmap(a(7downto4),b(7downto4),s(7downto4),m1,cout);endbehav;選擇運(yùn)算器用到的元件聲明:libraryieee;useieee.std_logic_1164.all;packagemy_components_1iscomponentmultiplierisport(a,b:instd_logic_vector(7downto0);prod:outstd_logic_vector(15downto0));endcomponent;componentadderisport(a,b:instd_logic_vector(7downto0);s:outstd_logic_vector(7downto0);cin:instd_logic;cout:outstd_logic);endcomponent;endmy_components_1;選擇運(yùn)算器:libraryieee;useiee(cuò)e.std_logic_1164.all;usework.my_components_1.all;entityoperationisport(a,b:instd_log

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