外研社必修五 module 2 language points of Reading

LanguagepointsModule2AJobWorthDoing1.Manyroadsare

andaccidentsarefrequent.

許多路況不好，事故頻繁發(fā)生。in….condition處于……狀況Thecarisinverygoodcondition.He’sinexcellentconditionforamanofhisage.他就其年齡而言，身體極好。這輛汽車情況良好。onconditionthat在我的父母也受邀請的條件下，我才來。I’llcomeonconditionthatmyparentsareinvited,too.

inbadcondition在……的條件下，倘若2.Oneroad

,whichgoesnorthfromLasaPaz,isconsideredthemostdangerousroadintheworld.

尤其是從拉巴斯通往北邊的一條路被認為是最危險的。inparticular尤其，特別。 Thewholemealwasgoodbutthewineinparticularwasexcellent.整頓飯都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。beparticularabout/oversth

對……講究/挑剔

她對衣著很講究。Sheisveryparticularaboutwhatshewears.inparticular3.

Althoughthereisnotalotoftraffic,

onevehiclecomesofftheroad

.盡管交通量不大，但平均每兩周就有一輛車駛出公路on(an/the)average平均平均每天有一千名參觀者。Onanaverage，thereare1000visitorsaday.Thecarruns15kilometersperliterontheaverage.這輛車平均每公升（汽油）跑輛公里。onaverageeverytwoweeksevery+基數(shù)+名詞復(fù)數(shù) =every+序數(shù)+名詞單數(shù)

“每---”e.g.everytwoweeks =everysecondweek =everyotherweekHecomestoseeuseverytwodays?Howeverbusyheis,theyoungmanwillgotothecountrytoseehisparents

.A.everyfewdays B.everyafewdaysC.eachfewdays D.eachafewdays

4.But

,fewdriversrespecttherules.inpracticeinpracticeintheory=theoricallyrespect/observe/obeytherulesrespectvt.尊敬；尊重Shepromisedtorespectourwishes.Allofusshouldrespecttherule.遵守法律obeytherule

breaktheruleasarule

通常地；一般說來；照說；照例

asageneralrulerulevt.統(tǒng)治女王統(tǒng)治這個國家Thequeenrulesthewholecountry.rulern.尺子統(tǒng)治者5.Everymorningheclimbsuptothebend

alargecircular

.with boardinhishandwith的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)Hefeltsafewithhismumstandingbehindhim.Hewenttothelibrarywithhishomeworkfinished.Withalotofhomeworktodo,heisn’tfree.Heisusedtosleepingwiththewindowsopen.HelikesreadingwithhisMP3on.Hewentoutwithastickinhishand.with+n.+-edwith+n.+doingwith+n.+todowith+n.+adj.with+n.+adv.with+n.+prep.withtimegoingby=astimegoesby6.Butoftentheyjust

,takingthehumantrafficsignal

.1)passbysb/sth

經(jīng)過，通過；漠視，不理會NobodypassedbywhileIstoodthere.我站在那里的時候，沒有人經(jīng)過。passbyforgranted2)passaway去世，離世；(時間等)消磨掉,過去Fortyyearshavepassedawaysincetheymet.Hepassedawaypeacefully.3)take…forgranted

以為某事理所當(dāng)然。

Don’ttakeanythingforgranted.不要認為任何事情都是想當(dāng)然的。takeitforgranted+that從句

別總是認為父母給你錢是理所當(dāng)然的事。e.g.Don’ttakeitforgrantedthatyourparentsshouldgiveyoumoney.7.Thenonedaywhilehewasworkingasalorrydriverhe

death.hadacloseencounterwithencountern.

突然、意外相遇（尤指敵對的、不好的）haveanencounterwithsb./sth突然/意外遇到……eg.昨晚我意外碰到一條蛇。LastnightIhadanencounterwithasnake.vt.遇到/面臨（不好的）我開始做這項工作時，遇到許多困難。IencounteredmanydifficultieswhenIfirststartedthisjob.as的用法1)as+adj./adv.+as notas/so+adj./adv.+asThisfilmisasinterestingasthatone.2)“作為，以……身份”

HecametoChinaasatouristfiveyearsago.3)as單獨引導(dǎo)定語從句Sheislate,asisoftenthecase.4)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句

Strangeasitmayseem,nobodywasinjuredintheaccident.5)因為…;由于…Asrainhasfallen,theairiscooler.6)隨著…

Youwillgrowwiserasyougrowolder.astimegoesby…withtimegoingby…7)一邊……一邊……

Ihopehecouldsingashedances.8)asfarassb.isconcernedaslongasasusual8.Hewasdrivingalorryloadofbananas

hecameofftheroadatabendandfellthreehundredmetersdownthemountain.他正載運一車香蕉，這時，在彎道處駛出公路翻下山三百米處。句中的when為并列連詞，意思是“就在那時，突然”,相當(dāng)于suddenly，有時候也用whensuddenlywhenWhen的用法1）突然；這時（suddenly,whensuddenly）Wewereswimminginthelakewhensuddenlythestormstarted.Iwasabouttogooutwhenitrainedcatsanddogs.Hewashavingabaddreamwhenashoutwokehimup.2)既然（since;nowthat）Whydoyouwantanewjobwhenyou’vegotsuchagoodonealready?Whydoesshestealthingswhenshecouldeasilyaffordtobuythem?Ihavenothingtosayaboutwhenyouaresostubborn.3)whenever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句和讓步狀語從句。Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.WheneverIhearthattune,itmakesmethinkofyou.Comewheneveryoulike.

4)by/since

when(beforeorsincewhichtime)Thatwaswrittenin1946,sincewhentheeducationsystemhasundergonegreatchanges.1)-----Where’sthatreport?-----Ibroughtittoyou_____youwereinMr.Black’sofficeyesterday. A.if B.whenC.becauseD.before2)Thebookwaswrittenin1946,________theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatchanges. A.when B.duringwhen C.sincethen D.sincewhen3)Nancyenjoyedherselfsomuch______shevisitedherfriendsinSydneylastyear.

A.that

B.which

C.when

D.where4)Occasionsarequiterare____Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.

A.who

B.which

C.why

D.when5)Thereweresomechairsleftover_____everyonehadsatdown.A.whenB.untilC.thatD.where6)JaneisbackinMay,by______thenewhouseshouldbefinished.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.whenWhile的用法1)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞?！爱?dāng)……時；在……期間”----I’mgoingtothepostoffice.---Whileyou’rethere,canyougetmesomestamps?2)然而；卻ThecostoflivinginGlasgowisamongthelowestinBritain,whilethequalityoflifeisprobablyoneofthehighest.(天津2006)Sheisverybeautiful,whileherhusbandisverybad-looking.3)趁……Whileyouareyoung,learnmore.Striketheironwhileit’shot.4)盡管……但是……(though;although)Whileheloveshischild,heisverystrictwithhim.While/Although/Thoughitisrainingheavily,hestillwantstogoout.1)________Ireallydon’tliketheart,Ifindhisworkimpressive.（07山東卷，29）A.AsB.SinceC.IfD.While2)I’dliketostudylawatuniversity_______mycousinprefersgeography.（07四川卷，29）A.thoughB.asC.whileD.for3)______theInternetisofgreathelp,Idon’tthinkit’safoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.（08湖南卷，33）A.If B.While C.BecauseD.As4)Insomeplaceswomenareexpectedtoearnmoney____menworkathomeandraisetheirchildren.（08四川卷，12）

A.but B.whileC.because D.though9.Thislastexperience

Timoteo.haveaneffecton對……有/產(chǎn)生影響Smokinghasabadeffectonhealth.Theradiationleakhashadadisastrouseffecton/upontheenvironment.

beofnoeffect無效

beineffect有效come/gointoeffect生效

takeeffect生效；開始發(fā)揮作用ineffect實際上；簡直是；事實上put/carry/oeffect使生效、實現(xiàn)haveno/little/much/great/agood/abadeffecton/upon

對什么沒有/幾乎沒有/有很大/有重大/有好的/有壞的影響hadaprofoundeffectonexperiencen.“經(jīng)歷”（C），“經(jīng)驗”（U）

have/get(much,alotof,practical…)experience

in/ofsth.=beexperiencedinIhavegotalotofexperienceoflecturing.Shehadsomeexperienceinfashiondesign.Thetwochildreninthisstoryhasbeenthroughalotofbadexperiences.Heisveryexperiencedindealingwithgirls.10.Andsoeverymorning,

Timoteotakesuphisplaceonthebendanddirectsthetraffic.

于是每天早晨，在山路的拐彎處Timoteo戰(zhàn)好自己的位置，開始指揮來往的車輛，從拂曉到黃昏，一周又一周。weekin,weekout=weekafterweek一周又一周地，接連好幾個星期；不斷地dayin,dayoutyearin,yearoutmonthin,monthoutweekin,weekout,fromdowntodusk,FromtimetotimeFromhousetohouseFrombeginningtoendFrombadtoworse時不時挨家挨戶至始至終每況愈下1.站好位置Trytotakeupyourplacewhenyou’redoingmorningexercise.2.開始從事……Whenshewasyoung,shetookupdancing.3.占用空間/時間Thisteacher’sdesktakesuptoomuchroom(place).12.takeuptakeofftakeontakeovertakeawaytakeintakeiteasytakeyourtime(飛機)起飛；(事業(yè))成功；脫下(衣物)呈現(xiàn)接管帶走；拿走欺騙；吸入別著急；慢慢來慢慢來；不著急1.berelatedto/with和……有關(guān)Hisillnessisrelatedtohisheavysmoking.他的病和他抽煙過多有關(guān)。Lightindustryiscloselyrelatedtoagriculture.輕工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)有著極其密切的關(guān)系。beconnectedwith與…有聯(lián)系havesth.todowith和…有聯(lián)系；和…有關(guān)CulturalCorner2.requirev.需要；要求；命令；堅持(多用被動)require后接從句時，從句中用“should+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣，should可以省略。requiresth.(ofsb.)requiresb.todosth.requirethatsb.(should)dorequirewantneed

要求某人某事doing(用主動形式表被動)需要做……(或用tobedone代替doing)要求某人干某事Itisamatterthatrequiresverycarefulhandling.

這件事情需要慎重處理。Allpassengersarerequiredtoshowtheirtickets.

所有乘客都必須出示車票。Thedirectorrequiredthatweshouldworkallnight.

主任要求我們通宵工作。Thesebooksarerequiredreading.這些書是指定讀物。Whatdoyourequireofme?

你對我有何要求？5.demand①vt.

需要；要求，請求

demandsth.要求某事物

demandtodo要求做某事

demandofsb.todosth.要求某人做某事

demandthat…要求……Note:

后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。即：demandthatsb.(should)do的形式。

Thekindofworkdemandsenergyandpatience.這種工作需要精力和耐心。Theteacherdemands(ofthestudents)tolistencarefully.老師要求(學(xué)生們)認真聽講。②n.要求，請求；需要ingreatdemand急需indemandfor=inneedof需要meetone’sdemand/need滿足某人的需求ThebossdemandedthatMary(should)

finishthetaskwithinaweek.

老板要求瑪麗在一周內(nèi)完成這項任務(wù)。易混辨異demand/request/require/ask

四者都含有“要求，請求”的意思。(1)demand一般指理直氣壯地提出強烈要求，或堅持不讓對方拒絕的要求。Shedemandedanimmediateexplanation.

她強烈要求立即作出解釋。(2)request是正式用詞，指非常正式、有禮貌地請求或懇求，多含擔(dān)心因種種原因?qū)Ψ讲荒艽饝?yīng)的意味。Theymadearequestforfurtheraid.

他們要求再給一些幫助。(3)require強調(diào)根據(jù)事業(yè)、需要或紀(jì)律、法律等而提出的要求。Thewearingofseatbeltsisrequiredbylaw.

法律規(guī)定必須系安全帶。(4)ask屬普通用詞，指向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆蠡蛘埱?，長、晚輩、上下級之間都可使用。Sheaskedthatsheshouldbekeptinformed.

她要求繼續(xù)向她匯報有關(guān)情況。一堅持：insist二命令：order，command三建議：suggest，advise，recommend （propose）四要求：desire,demand,require,requestHeinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.Sheinsiststhatsheisright.

當(dāng)insist意為“堅持認為”時不用虛擬語氣，“堅持要求某人做某事”時才用虛擬語氣。order/commandsb.todosth.order/commandthatsb.shoulddosth.incommand(ofsth.)undersb.’scommand(havea)good/excellent/pooretccommandofsth.suggestdoingsomethingsuggestthatsomeone(should)dosomething.

當(dāng)suggest意為“表明（indicate）”時，后面的從句不用虛擬語氣：

Theevidencesuggeststhatsinglefathersaremorelikelytoworkthansinglemothers.advisesb.todosth.recommenddoingsth.requestsb.todosth.demandtodosth1)Ourmathteacher’sproposalisthatourhomework

bytomorrow.A.behandedin B.wouldbehandedinC.ishandedin D.willbehandedin2)Itisrequestedthateverytrafficparticipant__________thetrafficrulestomaketrafficsaferandfaster.A.performs B.respect C.obeys D.supports6.suffervt.遭受；經(jīng)歷；忍受；vi.受損害；受痛苦suffertheconsequences承擔(dān)后果；受到懲罰sufferfor...因……而吃苦頭sufferfrom...患……病注意當(dāng)suffer后接具體的疾病、自然災(zāi)害、戰(zhàn)爭等帶來的苦難或疾苦時，經(jīng)常用sufferfrom。當(dāng)賓語為pain,loss,punishment,wrong,discouragement,disappointment時，suffer用作及物動詞。

suffer

+sufferfrom

一般的損害，痛苦等(result/heavylosses/injuries…)長期的，習(xí)慣的痛苦，災(zāi)難(headache、illness…)+Usefulexpressionsandphrasesathighaltitudeinbadconditioninparticularthemountainsrisesteeplysheerdropinplacescomeoffintheorygoinguphillcomingdownhillinpracticerespecttherules海拔高度很高處于糟糕的狀態(tài)特別是，尤其是那些山陡峭地聳立巨大的落差某處，有些地方從…掉下從理論上說往上山方向走往下山方向走事實上遵守規(guī)則deathtollhasfallenknownlocallyas…approachnoonepayshimforitliveonpassbytakingthehumantrafficsignalforgrantedhevolunteeredtodirectthetraffichehadacloseencounterwithdeath死亡人數(shù)減少了在本地被稱為…（在時間或空間）接近，靠近某人/物沒人為此付給他工資生存下去經(jīng)過；不注意某人/物認為這個人工交通燈的存在是理所當(dāng)然的他自告奮勇地去指揮交通有一次他與死神擦身而過somehowhadaprofoundeffectonitwashismissioninlifetohelpothersweekin,weekoutfromdawntodusktakesuphisplaceonthebend對…有深遠的影響幫助他人是他一生的使命一周又一周在那彎道上就位以某種方式；從早到晚Practice:Manyroadsare______________(處于不好的狀態(tài))andaccidentsarefrequent.Oneroad___________(尤其，特別),whichgoesnorthfromLaPaz,is__________(認為)themostdangerousroadintheworld.Althoughthereisnotalotoftraffic,__________(平均),onevehicle__________(墜落)theroadeverytwoweeks.inbadconditioninparticularconsideredonaveragecomesoff4._________(理論上),theroadcanonlybeusedbytraffic….But_________(實踐上),fewdrivers________(遵守)therules.5.Butoftentheyjustpassby,_____thehumantrafficsignal