汽車專業(yè)英語(yǔ)2課件

UNIT2IntroductiontoAutomobileEnginePART1TechnicalandPracticalReading

PassageAEngineConstruction(I)Theautomobileisdesignedtotravelonroads.Thetypicalautomobilehasjustaninternalcombustionenginethatoperatesbyburningitsfuelinsidetheengineandmakestheautomobilemove.

combustion[k?m'bst??n]n.燃燒internalcombustionengine內(nèi)燃機(jī)Figure2-1aV-engineFigure2-1bInline-engineSoanengineistheheartofanautomobile.Seefigure2-1.Atypicalautomobileengineconsistsofcylinderblock,cylinderhead,camshaft,valves,sparkplug,pistonandpistonrings,connectingrod,crankshaft，flywheelandoilpan.Seefigure2-2.cylinder['silind?]n.汽缸，圓筒，圓柱體camshaft['k?m?:ft]n.凸輪軸valve[v?lv]n.閥門(mén)，氣門(mén)piston['pist?n]n.活塞crankshaft['kr??k?:ft]n.曲軸flywheel['flaiwi:l]n.飛輪consistsof由……組成cylinderblock汽缸體cylinderhead汽缸蓋sparkplug火花塞pistonring活塞環(huán)oilpan油底殼Figure2-2CylinderBlockCylinderblockorengineblock,asshowninFigure2-3,isasinglemachinedcastingunit.Itcontainsthecylindersandthewatercoolantandlubricantpassages.Figure2-3aV-engineblockcasting['k:sti?]n.鑄件contain[k?n'tein]v.包含，容納，含有coolant['ku:l?nt]n.冷凍劑，冷卻液passage['p?sidV]n.通道Soitisacomplicatedpartattheheartofanengine.Cylinderblockisusuallymadefromcastironorinmodernengines,aluminiumandmagnesium.Figure2-3bInlineengineblockcomplicated['k?mplikeitid]a.復(fù)雜的aluminium[7?lju'mini?m]n.鋁magnesium[m?g'ni:zj?m]n.鎂CylinderHeadAcylinderheadisacastinggenerallymadefromironoraluminumthatholdsthevalves,valvespringsandoneortwocamshafts(overheadcamengineonly).valvespring氣門(mén)彈簧overheadcamengine頂置凸輪軸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Thecylinderheadhasmachinedsurfacestoprovideaprecisionfittomateparts.Inlinefour-andsix-cylinderengineshaveonecylinderhead.V6andV8engineshavetwocylinderheads.

surface['s?:fis]n.表面，平面precision[pri'si?n]a.精確的mate[meit]v.使……配對(duì)，使……一致Theheadisessentiallyaflatplateofmetalboltedtothetopofthecylinderblockwithagasketinbetween.Seefigure2-4.gasket['g?skit]n.襯墊，墊圈bolt[beult]v.用螺栓連接，用螺栓固定flatplate平板CamshaftThekeypartsofanycamshaftarethelobes.Asthecamshaftspins,thelobesopenandclosetheintakeandexhaustvalvesintimewiththemotionofthepiston.lobe[l?ub]n.圓突，凸起出部camlobe凸輪凸角intakeandexhaustvalve進(jìn)排氣門(mén)Itturnsoutthatthereisadirectrelationshipbetweentheshapeofthecamlobesandthewaytheengineperformsindifferentspeedranges.Seefigure2-5.ValvesValves(Figure2-6)areusuallymadefromasteelalloy.Exhaustvalvesmustwithstandextremelyhightemperaturesupto815degreesCelsiuswithoutdamagingthevalve.withstand[wie'st?nd]v.經(jīng)得起steelalloy合金鋼Thevalvefacemustseatevenlyagainstthevalveseatinthecylinderheadtopreventleaksfromthecylinderduringthecompressionandpowerstrokes.valveseat氣門(mén)座compressionstroke壓縮沖程Manyvalvefacesandseatshaveanangleof45degrees.Figure2-6bCamshaftValveThereareintakevalvesandexhaustvalves.Ontheintakeside,theintakevalveopenswhichletsthefuel-airmixtureintothecombustionchamber.air-fuelmixture空氣燃油混合氣Atsomepoint,theintakevalvecloses,theair-fuelmixtureiscompressedandignitedbythesparkplug.ignite[ig'nait]v.點(diǎn)燃，使燃燒Thentheexhaustgasexitsthecylinderwhentheexhaustvalveopens.Therearealwaysatleastoneintakeandoneexhaustvalve.Somecylinderheadshave2intakeand2exhaustvalves.SparkPlugAsparkplugisanelectricaldevicethatfitsintothecylinderheadofsomeinternalcombustionenginesandignitescompressedair-fuelmixturebymeansofanelectricspark.

device[di'vais]n.裝置，設(shè)備bymeansof用，憑借Sparkplugshaveaninsulatedcenterelectrodewhichisconnectedbyaheavilyinsulatedwiretoanignitioncoilontheoutside.insulated['insjuleitid]a.絕緣的electrode[i'lektr?ud]n.電極ignition[ig'ni??n]n.點(diǎn)火，著火insulatedwire絕緣線ignitioncoil點(diǎn)火線圈Thesparkplugforceselectricitytoarcacrossagap.Theelectricitymustbeataveryhighvoltageinordertotravelacrossthegapandcreateagoodspark.Voltageatthesparkplugcanbeanywherefrom40,000to100,000volts.voltage['v?ultidV]n.電壓volt[v?lt]n.伏特NewWordscombustion[k?m'bst??n]n.燃燒cylinder['silind?]n.汽缸，圓筒，圓柱體camshaft['k?m?:ft]n.凸輪軸valve[v?lv]n.閥門(mén)，氣門(mén)piston['pist?n]n.活塞crankshaft['kr??k?:ft]n.曲軸flywheel['flaiwi:l]n.飛輪casting['k:sti?]n.鑄件contain[k?n'tein]v.包含，容納，含有coolant['ku:l?nt]n.冷凍劑，冷卻液passage['p?sidV]n.通道complicated['k?mplikeitid]a.復(fù)雜的aluminium[7?lju'mini?m]n.鋁magnesium[m?g'ni:zj?m]n.鎂surface['s?:fis]n.表面，平面precision[pri'si?n]a.精確的mate[meit]v.使……配對(duì)，使……一致bolte[bEult]v.用螺栓連接，用螺栓固定gasket['g?skit]n.襯墊，墊圈lobe[l?ub]n.圓突，凸起出部withstand[wie'st?nd]v.經(jīng)得起device[di'vais]n.裝置，設(shè)備ignite[ig'nait]v.點(diǎn)燃，使燃燒insulated['insjuleitid]a.絕緣的electrode[i'lektr?ud]n.電極ignition[ig'ni??n]n.點(diǎn)火，著火voltage['v?ultidV]n.電壓volt[v?lt]n.伏特PhrasesandExpressionsinternalcombustionengine內(nèi)燃機(jī)consistsof由……組成cylinderblock汽缸體cylinderhead汽缸蓋sparkplug火花塞pistonring活塞環(huán)oilpan油底殼valvespring氣門(mén)彈簧overheadcamengine頂置凸輪軸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)flatplate平板camlobe凸輪凸角intakeandexhaustvalve進(jìn)排氣門(mén)steelalloy合金鋼valveseat氣門(mén)座compressionstroke壓縮沖程air-fuelmixture空氣燃油混合氣bymeansof用，憑借insulatedwire絕緣線ignitioncoil點(diǎn)火線圈EXERCISE2TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoChineseorEernalcombustionengine

2.

點(diǎn)火線圈3.powerstroke

4.

進(jìn)排氣門(mén)5.valveseat

6.

空氣燃油混合氣7.cylinderblock

8.

壓縮沖程9.pistonring

10.

絕緣線PassageBEngineConstruction(II)PistonandPistonRingsPistontransformstheenergyoftheexpandinggassesintomechanicalenergy.transform[tr?ns'f?:m]v.轉(zhuǎn)換，使……變形expanding[iks'p?ndi?]a.膨脹的mechanicalenergy機(jī)械能Tmonly['k?m?nli]ad.一般，普通，通常Thepistonisacylindricalshapedhollowpartthatmovesupanddowninsidetheenginecylinder.cylindrical[si'lindrik(?)l]a.圓柱的hollow['h?l?u]a.空的，空腹的，空心的Mostenginepistonshavethreerings:thetoptwoarecompressionringsandthelowerringisoilcontrolring,compressionring壓環(huán)oilring油環(huán)andtheyfunctionasthesealbetweenthepistonandthecylinderwallandalsoacttoreducefrictionbyminimizingthecontactareabetweenthepistonandthecylinderwall.Seefigure2-7.minimize['minimaiz]v.將……減到最少friction['frik??n]n.摩擦，摩擦力cylinderwall汽缸壁Figure2-7ConnectionRodInareciprocatingpistionengine,theconnectingrodconnectsthepistiontothecrankshaft.reciprocating[ri'sipr?keiti?]a.往復(fù)的，來(lái)回的Inmoderninternalcombustionengines,theconnectingrodsaremostusuallymadeofsteel.Thesmallendattachestothepistonpinorwristpin,whichiscurrentlymostoftenpressfitintotheconnectingrod.Thebigendconnectstocrankshaft.Seefigure2-8.pistonpin/wristpin活塞銷pressfit壓入配合，壓配合Figure2-8ConnectingrodandpistonCrankshaftCrankshaftsaremadeofforgedsteel.forgedsteel鍛鋼forgediron鍛鐵Thecrankshaft,heldintheengineblock,convertstheupanddownmotionofthepistonsintoarotarymotion.convert[k?n'v?:t]v.使轉(zhuǎn)變，使……改變r(jià)otary['r?ut?ri]a.旋轉(zhuǎn)的，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的n.運(yùn)行的機(jī)器rotarymotion旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)Itprovidestheturningmotionforthewheels.Thereareusuallythreejournalsinafourcylinderengine.journal['dV?:nl]n.軸頸Toconvertthereciprocatingmotionintorotation,thecrankshafthascrankpins,additionalbearingsurfaceswhoseaxisisoffsetfromthatofthecrank,towhichthe“bigends”oftheconnectingrodsattach.rotation[r?u'tei??n]n.旋轉(zhuǎn)，循環(huán)crankpin['kr??kpin]n.曲柄梢bearing['b??ri?]n.軸承axis['?ksis]n.軸，軸向offset['?:fset]v.位移，偏移reciprocatingmotion往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)Thecrankshafthaslargeweights,calledcounterweights,thatbalancetheweightoftheconnectingrods.counterweights平衡重Theseweightsensureanbalanceforceduringtherotationofthemovingparts.balance['b?l?ns]n.平衡v.平衡Thecrankshafttypicallyconnectstoaflywheel,toreducethevibrationcausedbythefour-strokecycle.Seefigure2-9.vibration[vai'brei??n]n.振動(dòng)four-strokecycle四沖程工作循環(huán)Figure2-9aCrankshaftwithconnectingrodFigure2-9bCrankshaftAermediatering

5.crankshaftgear6.crankshaftbearing7.key8.nut9.connectingrod

10.bigendbearingshell11.smallendbushing12.spacingsleeveFlywheelAflywheelisarotatingdisclocatedononeendofthecrankshaftandservesthreepurposes.First,throughitsinertia,itreducesvibrationbysmoothingoutthepowerstrokeaseachcylinderfires.inertia[i'n?:?j?]n.慣性smoothout弄平（消除）Second,itismountingsurfaceusedtobolttheengineuptoitsload.Third,onsomedieselflywheelhasgearteetharounditsperimeterthatallowthestartingmotorstoengageandcranktheengine.Seefigure2-10.perimeter[p?'rimit?]n.周長(zhǎng)Figure2-10FlywheelTheflywheelconnectedtothecrankshaftprovidesthemomentumtokeepthecrankshaftturningwithouttheapplicationofpower,throughtheenergygeneratedduringthepowerstroke.momentum[m?u'ment?m]n.動(dòng)量，沖力，沖量Thisenergyisalsousedtodrivethecrankshaft,connectingrodsandpistonsduringthethreeidlestrokesofthe4-strokecycle.idle['aidl]a.懶惰的，停頓的，（機(jī)器）空轉(zhuǎn)Thismakesforasmoothenginespeed.Theflywheelformsonesurfaceoftheclutchandisthebasefortheringgear.ringgear齒圈OilPanorSumpDoyouwonderwhatoilpansdo?Oilpansareamajorenginecoolingsystemparts.cooling['ku:li?]n.冷卻a.冷卻的Theyareusuallyconstructedofthinsteelandshapedintoadeepersectiontofullyperformitsfunction.Itisalsowheretheoilpumpisplaced.Whenanengineisnotrunningoratrest,oilpanscollectstheoilasitflowsdownfromthesidesofthecrankcase.Inotherwords,oilpansthataremountedatthebottomofthecrankcaseserveasanoilreservoir.

oilreservoir機(jī)油灌Engineoilisusedforthelubrication,cooling,andcleaningofinternalcombustionengines.lubrication[lu:bri'kei??n]n.潤(rùn)滑cleaning['kli:ni?]n.清潔，清洗，凈化NewWordstransform[tr?ns'f?:m]v.轉(zhuǎn)換，使……變形expanding[iks'p?ndi?]a.膨脹的commonly['k?m?nli]ad.一般，普通，通常cylindrical[si'lindrik(?)l]a.圓柱的hollow['h?l?u]a.空的，空腹的，空心的minimize['minimaiz]v.將……減到最少friction['frik??n]n.摩擦，摩擦力reciprocating[ri'sipr?keiti?]a.往復(fù)的，來(lái)回的attach[?'t?t?]v.系上，貼上convert[k?n'v?:t]v.使轉(zhuǎn)變，使……改變r(jià)otary['r?ut?ri]a.旋轉(zhuǎn)的，轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的n.運(yùn)行的機(jī)器rotation[r?u'tei??n]n.旋轉(zhuǎn)，循環(huán)journal['dV?:nl]n.軸頸crankpin['kr??kpin]n.曲柄梢bearing['b??ri?]n.軸承axis['?ksis]n.軸，軸向offset['?:fset]v.位移，偏移balance['b?l?ns]n.平衡v.平衡vibration[vai'brei??n]n.振動(dòng)inertia[i'n?:?j?]n.慣性perimeter[p?'rimit?]n.周長(zhǎng)momentum[m?u'ment?m]n.動(dòng)量，沖力，沖量idle['aidl]a.懶惰的，停頓的，（機(jī)器）空轉(zhuǎn)lubrication[7lu:bri'kei??n]n.潤(rùn)滑cooling['ku:li?]n.冷卻a.冷卻的cleaning['kli:ni?]n.清潔，清洗，凈化PhrasesandExpressionsmechanicalenergy機(jī)械能compressionring壓環(huán)oilring油環(huán)cylinderwall汽缸壁pistonpin/wristpin活塞銷pressfit壓入配合，壓配合forgedsteel鍛鋼forgediron鍛鐵rotarymotion旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)smoothout弄平（消除）reciprocatingmotion往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)counterweights平衡重four-strokecycle四沖程工作循環(huán)ringgear齒圈oilreservoir機(jī)油灌IgnitionsystemStartingsystemLubricatingsystemCoolingsystemFuelsystemValveandValvetrainCrankshaftandconnectingrodassemblyengineCrankshaftandconnectingrodassembly氣環(huán)油環(huán)正時(shí)齒輪活塞連桿飛輪曲軸軸瓦減震器和皮帶輪Valveandvalvetrain正時(shí)皮帶輪凸輪軸氣門(mén)活塞連桿曲軸正時(shí)皮帶輪張緊輪FuelSystemStartingsystemIgnitionSystemLubricatingSystemCoolingsystem1.IntakeStroke

2.CompressionStroke

3.PowerStroke4.ExhaustStrokePart

IIGlanceattheStructureoftheAutomobile

EnglishTermsExplanationsChinese1.ValvespringMechanismthatkeepsthevalveclosed2.DistributorCasethatenablesengine’signition3.AlternatorGeneratorthatenablescurrentinbothdirections4.FanApparatusthatfeedoxygenintotheengine’scombustion

5.WaterpumpDevicethatcirculateswaterthroughtheradiator6.FanbeltPieceofrubberthatwrapsaroundthepulleysandturnsthecoolingfan7.PulleySmallwheelwithagroovedrim,bittedwithabelt,whichturnsthecoolingfan氣門(mén)彈簧分電器交流發(fā)電機(jī)風(fēng)扇水泵風(fēng)扇皮帶帶輪8.RadiatorhoseTreatedrubbertubethatconnectsthelinesofacombustionengine9.fuelpumpDevicethatmovesgasfromthegastanktotheengine10.fuellineNetworkofhosesthattransportthegas11.AirfilterDevicethatremovesimpuritiesfromairpassingthroughit12.DipstickInstrumentthatmeasuresthelevelofoilinamotor13.EngineblockSetconsistingthemotor,theclutchandthegearbox14.CylinderheadcoverRemovablecoverontheupperpartofthemotor散熱器軟管氣泵燃油管路空氣濾清器機(jī)油量尺發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)機(jī)體汽缸蓋罩蓋15.SparkplugcableCableconnectingthesparkplugtothedistributorcap16.SparkplugIg