英語被動語態(tài)詳解課件教學(xué)文稿

英語被動語態(tài)詳解課件(二)被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以give

為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時： am/is/are+given一般過去時： was/were+given一般將來時： shall/will+be+given現(xiàn)在進行時： am/is/are+being+given現(xiàn)在完成時： have/has+been+given過去完成時： had+been+given過去進行時： was/were+being+given過去將來時： should/would+be+given將來完成時： shall/will+havebeen+given過去將來完成時： should/would+havebeen+given

［注］被動語態(tài)沒有將來進行時和過去將來進行時。

(三)被動語態(tài)常用的八種時態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般過去時：Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.3.一般將來時：Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4.過去將來時：Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5.現(xiàn)在進行時：TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.過去進行時：—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7.現(xiàn)在完成時：Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.8.過去完成時：WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.9.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動詞+be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.(四)被動語態(tài)的使用1.當不知道或沒有必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時，常用被動語態(tài)，這時往往不用by

短語。

“Mr.White,thecupwithmixturewasbrokenafterclass.”(只是告訴老師杯子壞了，不知是誰弄壞的，或不想說出誰弄壞的)。2.突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者，如果需要說出動作的執(zhí)行者，用by

短語。TheserecordsweremadebyJohnDenver.ThecupwasbrokenbyPaul.3.當漢語句子的主語既不是動作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動作的承受者時，這時常用in+名詞作狀語，而代替by

短語。

ThesecarsweremadeinChina.15,000carswillbeproducedeachyearinthenewfactory.(五)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的方法（1）Myaunt

invited

me

toherdinnerparty.

主語謂語賓語→

I

wasinvited(bymyaunt)toherdinnerparty.

主語謂語賓語（2）Theschoolsetupaspecialclasstohelppoorreaders.→Aspecialclasstohelppoorreaderswassetupintheschool.1.把主動語態(tài)的賓語變成被動語態(tài)的主語。2.把主動語態(tài)的謂語變成被動語態(tài)的be+過去分詞，時態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.把主動語態(tài)的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by

的賓語，放在被動語態(tài)里謂語動詞之后，by

短語可以省略。如果原句主語是地點名詞，在被動語態(tài)中用in+地點名詞作狀語。(六)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換時要注意的問題1.把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正確)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(錯誤)

2.含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接賓語(指物)改為主語，則在間接賓語(指人)前加適當?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留賓語注意：一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞to，如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach,tell等。Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞for,如：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sing等。Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)Themeatwascookedforus.Somecountrymusicwasplayedforus.有些既不用to也不用for,根據(jù)動詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。Heaskedmeaquestion.(Aquestionwasaskedofme.)PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld.(不用by短語)3.由動詞+介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語動詞，要把它們作為整體看，即把它們看成一個及物動詞，介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉。這類動詞有：不及物動詞+介詞，如:

agreeto,askfor,laughat,operatedon,listento,lookafter,thinkof,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.及物動詞+副詞：如：bringabout,carryout,findout,giveup,handin,makeout,passon,pointout,putaway,putoff,thinkover,turndown,workout,turnout等。Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.4.帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補)的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面。如：Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶to，但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to，這時不定式為主語補足語，也就是說不定式作主語補足語不存在省略to的問題。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.注意：帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子，如果賓語補足語是名詞，變被動句時，應(yīng)將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，不要誤把賓語補足語的名詞作主語。如：TomatoeswerefirsttakenbacktoEuropeandpeoplecalledthemloveapples.誤：Loveappleswerecalledthem.正：Theywerecalledloveapples.5.還有一種短語動詞由動詞+名詞+介詞構(gòu)成，變被動語態(tài)有兩種形式，如下：1)Wetakegoodcareofthebooks.

Thebooksaretakengoodcareof.Goodcareistakenofthebook.

2)Youmustpayattentiontoyourpronunciation.

Attentionmustbepaidtoyourpronunciation.Yourpronunciationmustbepaidattentionto.

用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動詞常見的有：catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,setfireto,takecareof,takeholdof,takenoticeof,keepaneyeon等。6.當主動句的主語是nobody,noone等含有否定意義的不定代詞時，被動句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody,作by的賓語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：Nobodycananswerthisquestion.誤：Thequestioncanbeansweredbynobody.正：Thequestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody.

7.當否定句中的賓語是anything,anybody,anyone等不定代詞時，在被動句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing,nobody,noone作主語，并將謂語動詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍诱Z態(tài)。如：Theyhaven'tdoneanythingtomaketheriverclean.誤：Anythinghasn'tbeendonetomaketheriverclean.正：Nothinghasbeendonetomaketheriverclean.8.以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動時，用bywhom放在句首：Whowrotethestory?誤：Whowasthestorywritten?

正：Bywhomwasthestorywritten?

9.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。Thepenwritessmoothly.這支筆寫字很流暢。對比：Thebookssellwell.(主動句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被動句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主動句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被動句)10.下列情況主動句不能改為被動句：

第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.第二，謂語是及物動詞leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.誤：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.誤：Herhandwashadburned.第三，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupto等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.誤：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第四，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.誤：Eachotherisloved.11.在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：

據(jù)說……

Itissaidthat…

據(jù)報導(dǎo)……

Itisreportedthat…

據(jù)推測……

Itissupposedthat…

希望……

Itishopedthat…

眾所周知……

Itiswellknownthat…

普遍認為……

Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建議……

Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.在英語語言中，被動語態(tài)是極常見的語言現(xiàn)象，人們進行語言交際，離不開對被動語態(tài)的使用，熟練掌握被動語態(tài)也為下一步學(xué)習(xí)打下良好的基礎(chǔ)，在動詞-ing

形式，不定式等結(jié)構(gòu)中，都有被動式，都需要運用被動語態(tài)的知識去理解。

四季娛樂

四季娛樂禮呢？此時的冰凝才突然發(fā)覺，真是書到用時方恨少。她從來都是聰慧過人，連二哥有時都要甘拜下風