高中英語非謂語動(dòng)詞的三種形式及基本用法課件牛津版

Nonfiniteverbs非謂語動(dòng)詞的概述

時(shí)態(tài)Step3：不定式的用法小結(jié)目錄練習(xí)鞏固Step2不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)非謂語動(dòng)詞（非限定動(dòng)詞）二.非限定動(dòng)詞具有動(dòng)詞的特征.可以有自己的賓語、狀語。有語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。另外還有一些非動(dòng)詞的特征，相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞等，在句子里可以作這些詞類所能用作的句子成分。一.非限定動(dòng)詞在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語動(dòng)詞。不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。

非謂語動(dòng)詞的三種形式非謂語動(dòng)詞分詞不定式-ing形式分詞分現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩類，具有形容詞和副詞的語法功能，在句子中可以充當(dāng)表語、定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語動(dòng)名詞 .動(dòng)名詞在書寫形式上同現(xiàn)在分詞相同，但語法概念和語法功能各異。動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的語法作用，在句子中主要充當(dāng)主語和賓語。

todo（基本形）nottodotobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendoneStep1

不定式的形式Step2(1)不定式的一般形式所表示的動(dòng)作，通常與謂語的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）同時(shí)發(fā)生.Eg.Theyinvitedustogotherethissummer.(2)如果謂語表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)不定式就要用進(jìn)行式。

Eg.Theyseemedtobetalking

aboutsomethingsecret.(3)如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前，就要用完成式。Eg.I’msorrytohavedonethat.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)筆記要點(diǎn)I’mverydelightedtobeinvitedtoMary’sbirthdayparty.

I’mpleasedtohavebeengiventhischance.如果不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式要用被動(dòng)形式.筆記要點(diǎn)Step3不定式的用法(1)作主語eg.1)Itisrighttogiveupsmoking.

2)Ithinkitwouldbeagoodideatohavecommentsfromsecretariesandtypistswhoarealreadyusingit.不定式短語作主語時(shí)，用it作形式主語，真正的主語后置。(2)作賓語

不定式短語可以作賓語，以上動(dòng)詞后，跟不定式作賓語eg.Wehavedecidedtogivethemahand.

agree,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish▲(構(gòu)成"V.+todo"的形式)Ifinditinterestingtoworkwithhim.如果還帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語，往往把不定式賓語放在賓語補(bǔ)足語之后，而用it作形式賓語。類似的動(dòng)詞還有()等▲(構(gòu)成"主語+V.+it+賓補(bǔ)+todosth."的形式)feel,think,consider,make,believe動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí),在意義上比較一般和抽象,時(shí)間觀念不強(qiáng),不指某一次動(dòng)作。動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語常表示某個(gè)具體動(dòng)作。Helikesswimming,buthedoesn’tliketoswimtoday.只能跟todo的動(dòng)詞want、wish、hope、expect、decide、agree、manage、promise、pretend與動(dòng)名詞做賓語比較只能跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞enjoy、finish、mind、miss、avoid、risk、suggest、escape、practise、insiston、giveup二者皆可無區(qū)別begin、start、like、hate、prefer、continue、intend二者皆可但有區(qū)別stop、remember、forget、try、regret、meaneg.1 "Let'shaveabreak." "Notnow.Idon'twanttostop______yet." A.study

B.to

study C.forstudying

D.studying2.

Thelittletimewehavetogetherwetry______wisely. A.spendingitB.tospendit

C.tospend

D.spendingthat3.

LittleTomshouldlove______tothetheatrethisevening. A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taken(3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語eg.Whattheteachersaidencouragedustotryourbestatourwork.在feel,hear,listento,lookat,notice,observe,see,watch,

have,let,make

等詞后的補(bǔ)足語中，不定式不帶to。但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，就必須帶to。Eg.Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.

Heisoftenheardtosingthesong.注意

allow,ask,advise,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,wouldlike,order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish▲(構(gòu)成“V.+Sb.+todo”的形式)②不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but,except,besides

后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則要帶to。Eg.1)Shecoulddonothingbutcry.2)Ihavenochoicebuttogo.注意

(4)作表語

Eg.Ithasbeenprovedthatthewaytoproducethemostfoodistoletfarmersgrowcropseithertofeedtheirfamilyortosell.(5)作定語

Eg.IwasthefirstwomantotravelaloneattheNorthpole.①作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。

Eg.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.

Thereisnothingtoworryabout.Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.注意

（6）作狀語Hespokeloudly(soas/inorder)tobeheard.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.I’mtootiredtowalkanyfurthertonight.目的狀語.原因狀語.結(jié)果狀語動(dòng)詞不定式省略to的情況歸納*1當(dāng)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，如動(dòng)詞是make,let,have

或lookat,see,watch,observe,hear,listento,feel

、等，不定式不帶to.*2.在下列結(jié)構(gòu)后hadbetter,wouldrather,wouldrather…than,cannotbut（不得不，必然，不能不）,can’thelpbut

等*3.whynot…

表建議*4.在介詞but,except

之后，如果其前有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式，不定式不帶to,反之須帶to.

1.

Therearefivepairs___,butI'matalosswhichtobuy.

A.tobechosen

B.tochoosefrom

C.tochoose

D.forchoosing鞏固練習(xí)2.

CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventing

C.tohaveinvented

D.havinginvented

3.----Theyarequiet,aren’tthey?----Yes.Theyareaccustomed____atmeals.

A.totalk B.tonottalk C.totalking D.tonottalking

4.Thedirectorhadherassistant___somehotdogsforthemeeting.

A.pickedupB.picksupC.pickupD.pickingup5.Ilikegettingupveryearlyinsummer.Themorningairissogood______.A.tobebreathedB.tobreatheC.breathingD.beingbreathed

6.--Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?--Yes.But_____it,Ihadtoreadtheentirebook.

A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding

7.Ifeelgreatlyhonored____intotheirsociety.

A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed

8.Ifthereisalotofwork______,Iamhappytojusttokeeponuntilitisfinished.

A.todoB.tobedoingC.doneD.doing語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般時(shí)todo

tobedone進(jìn)行時(shí)tobedoing無完成時(shí)

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

小結(jié)1.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.---Oh,Iforgot

.A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC..havingturneditoffD.toturnitoff2.Shecan’thelp______thehousebecauseshe’sbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.CleanedD.beingcleaned3.Noteverybodyhastheability

inpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak練習(xí)4.Maryisalwaysthefirststudent

toanswertheteacher’squestionsinclass.A.risingB.toriseC.roseD.risen5.—Mum,whydoyoualwaysaskmetoeataneggeveryday?---__enoughproteinandnutritionasyouaregrowingup.A.GetB.GettingC.TogetD.Tobegetting6.—Wouldyoubesokind

usout?---Withpleasure.A.helpingB.inhelpingC.helpD.astohelp7.Wetumbrellasarenotallowed

intothishotelaccordingtotherule.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.takenD.taking8.Robertissaid_______abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying9.InAustraliahemadea