非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法講解過去分詞的用法

過去分詞的用法非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法講解：1.及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，既表示被動(dòng)，又表示完成。

(1)

Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。2.不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作表語，與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示主語的狀態(tài)，只表示動(dòng)作的完成。

(2)Heisretired.他已退休。3.有些過去分詞作表語時(shí)，構(gòu)成的謂語很接近被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)

Thecityissurroundedonthreesidesbymountains.這座城市三面環(huán)山。過去分詞作表語

【注意】過去分詞作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別：過去分詞作表語，主要是表示主語的狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示動(dòng)作。

(1)Thecupwasbrokenbymylittlesisteryesterday.茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。（是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作）(2)Thelibraryisnowclosed.圖書館關(guān)門了。（過去分詞作表語）【注意】過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成,-ing形式表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行。有些動(dòng)詞如interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten等通常用其過去分詞形式來修飾人，用-ing形式來修飾物。(3)ThebookisinterestingandI'minterestedinit.這本書很有趣，我對(duì)它很感興趣。過去分詞作定語

作定語用的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，既表被動(dòng)又表完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語，只表完成。1.過去分詞用作定語，如果是單個(gè)的，常置于其所修飾的名詞之前。

Wemustadaptourthinkingtothechangedconditions.我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。

2.過去分詞短語用作定語時(shí)，一般置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔，多用于書面語中。

Theconcertgivenbytheirfriendswasasuccess.他們朋友舉行的音樂會(huì)大為成功。3.過去分詞短語有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語，前后常有逗號(hào)。(1)Themeeting,attendedbyoverfivethousandpeople,welcomedthegreathero.他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì)，到會(huì)的有五千多人。4.用來修飾人的過去分詞有時(shí)可以轉(zhuǎn)移到修飾非人的事物，這種過去分詞在形式上雖不直接修飾人，但它所修飾的事物仍與人直接有關(guān)。(2)Theboylookedupwithapleasedexpression.男孩帶著滿意的表情舉目而視。

過去分詞作狀語

1.過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作。

(1)Writteninahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood!因?yàn)閷懙么颐?，這篇文章不是很好。

【注意】written為過去分詞作狀語，表示這篇文章是被寫的，而且已經(jīng)被寫。值得注意的是，有些過去分詞因來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主動(dòng)。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：lost（迷路）；seated（坐）；hidden（躲）；stationed（駐扎）；lost/absorbedin（沉溺于）；born（出身于）；dressedin（穿著）；tiredof（厭煩）。

(2)Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn’thearthesound.因?yàn)槌聊缬谒伎贾?，所以他沒聽到那個(gè)聲音。2.過去分詞作狀語時(shí)其邏輯主語為主句的主語，此時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱一致。(1)

Givenanotherhour,Icanalsoworkoutthisproblem.再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能解這道題。（given為過去分詞作狀語，它的邏輯主語為主句主語I，即I被再給一個(gè)小時(shí)。）(2)

Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautifultous.從山頂看城市，城市顯得更漂亮。（seen為過去分詞作狀語，表“被看”，由語境可知，它的邏輯主語必須是城市，而不是“我們”，因?yàn)椤拔覀儭睉?yīng)主動(dòng)看城市。）【注意】如果過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，前面再加邏輯主語，主句的主語就不再是分詞的邏輯主語，這種帶邏輯主語的過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)Thesignalgiven,thebusstarted.信號(hào)一發(fā)出，汽車就開動(dòng)了。（thesignal是given的邏輯主語，因此主句主語thebus就不是given的邏輯主語。(2)Herheadheldhigh,shewentby.她把頭昂得高高地從這兒走了過去。（herhead是heldhigh的邏輯主語，因此主句主語she就不再是heldhigh的邏輯主語。）

3.過去分詞作狀語來源于狀語從句。(1)Caughtinaheavyrain,hewasallwet.因?yàn)榱芰艘粓?chǎng)大雨，所以他全身濕透了。(caughtinaheavyrain為過去分詞短語作原因狀語，它來源于原因狀語從句Becausehewascaughtinaheavyrain.)(2)

Growninrichsoil,theseseedscangrowfast.如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。(growninrichsoil為過去分詞作條件狀語，它來源于條件狀語從句Iftheseseedsaregrowninrichsoil.【注意】狀語從句改成過去分詞作狀語時(shí)有時(shí)還可保留連詞，構(gòu)成“連詞＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語。Whengivenamedicalexamination,youshouldkeepcalm.當(dāng)你做體格檢查時(shí)要保持鎮(zhèn)定。4.過去分詞作狀語的位置。過去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語，后面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗號(hào)與主句隔開。Hestoodtheresilently,movedtotears.=Movedtotears,hestoodtheresilently.他靜靜地站在那里，被感動(dòng)得熱淚盈眶。過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語（一）能夠接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下三類：1.表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。如：see,watch,observe,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice,think等。

(1)

IheardthesongsunginEnglish.我聽到有人用英語唱過這首歌。（過去分詞sung的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作heard；）

(2)

Hefoundhishometowngreatlychanged.他發(fā)現(xiàn)他的家鄉(xiāng)變化很大。（過去分詞changed的動(dòng)作顯然先于謂語動(dòng)作found）2.表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞。如：have,make,get,keep,leave等。(1)I’llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要理發(fā)。(2)Hegothistoothpulledoutyesterday.他昨天把牙拔了。(3)Don’tleavethosethingsundone.要把那些事情做完?！咀⒁狻窟^去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一定和賓語有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。（二）使役動(dòng)詞have接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)有兩種情況。1.過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由他人完成。(1)Hehadhismoneystolen.他的錢給偷了。（被別人偷去了）2.過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作由句中的主語所經(jīng)歷。如：(2)Hehadhislegbroken.他的腿斷了。（自己的經(jīng)歷）“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“with＋賓語＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語補(bǔ)足語。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間、方式、條件、原因等狀語。例如：(1)

Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.兇手被帶進(jìn)來了，他的雙手被綁在背后。（表方式）(2)

Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水一被加熱，我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣。（表?xiàng)l件）(3)

Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事情得到解決，我們都回家了。（表原因）(4)

Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前，眼睛注視著他。(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他仍然舉著手站了一會(huì)兒。

過去分詞作狀語，一是表被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，二是表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。通常作如下幾種狀語：1.Whenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill1.時(shí)間狀語,可在過去分詞前加上連詞when,while,until等.2.Don’tspeakuntilyouarespokento.Untilspokento2.原因狀語1.Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Greatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords2.Ashewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.Surprisedatwhathappened1____time,hewillmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.AHavinggivenBTogiveCGivingDGiven2___in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.ABeingfoundedBItwasfoundedCFoundedDFounding3Unless__tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.AinvitedBinvitingCbeinginvitedDhavinginvitedDCA4___,buthestillcouldn’tunderstandit.AHehadbeentoldmanytimesBHavingbeentoldmanytimesCToldmanytimesDAlthoughhehadbeentoldmanytimes5Whenfirst___tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.AintroducingBintroducedCintroduceDbeingintroducedAB6Thereseemedtobenothing___todobut___forthedoctor.Aleave/sendBleft/tosendCleft/sendDleaving/send7____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere___themselves.AHunting/hidingBTohunt/tohideCHunted/hidingDHunted/tohideCD作介詞but,expect,besides的賓語，前面又有實(shí)意動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，不定式通常省去to8.The___morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,___byhisnaughtyboy.

following,followingB.followed,followedC.following,followedD.followed,following9.Mrs.Whitewasgladtoseethenurse___afterhersonandwaspleasedtoseetheboywell___careofinthenursery.looked;takenB.looking;takenC.looked;tookD.looking;takingCB10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied11.___moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.HavinggivenDA1.Youcanmakeyourself_______prettywellifyoukeeponspeakingthelanguage.A.understandB.understoodC.understandingD.tounderstandExercise2.Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout3.---Ican’tseethewordsontheblackboard.---Perhapsyouneed__________.A.tohaveyoureyesexaminedB.toexamineyoureyeC.tohaveexaminedyoureyesD.youreyestobeexamined4.Theywokeup,findingeverythingaround________.A.changingB.changeC.changedD.tochange1.TheOlympicGames,___in776B.C.,didn’tincludewomenuntil1912.A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayedD.tobeplaying考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥簡(jiǎn)析:首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分是一個(gè)作定語、修飾TheOlympicGames的后置分詞短語;再根據(jù)TheOlympicGames對(duì)于動(dòng)詞play來說只能是被動(dòng)承受,且已完成(in776B.C.)。因此,該題應(yīng)選C。2.What’sthelanguage___inGermany?A.speakingB.spokenC.bespokenD.tospeak簡(jiǎn)析:該題應(yīng)選B。測(cè)試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng),等于定語從句whichisspoken。3.Mostoftheartists____tothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.A.invitedB.toinviteC.beinginvitedD.hadbeeninvited簡(jiǎn)析:該題應(yīng)選A。測(cè)試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng),等于定語從句whowereinvited。4.Thecomputercentre,___lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschool.A.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.opened簡(jiǎn)析:該題應(yīng)選D。測(cè)試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞后,可以用非限制性定語從句“whichwasopenedlastyear”代替。5.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written簡(jiǎn)析:該題應(yīng)選D。測(cè)試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng),等于定語從句whichwerewritten。例:Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied簡(jiǎn)析:很顯然,待選部分的邏輯主語是hishands,而不是句子的主語Themurderer,而hishands對(duì)于動(dòng)詞tie來說,只能是被動(dòng)承受。因此,該題應(yīng)選D。LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,______as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown高考鏈接B解析：答案B。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，3M與know之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。2.Thedisc,digitally________inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded高考鏈接A解析：答案A。此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，disc與record之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示。3.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known高考鏈接D解析：答案D。know與words，expressions，phrases構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。4.Theflowers_______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt高考鏈接B解析：答案B。此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾flowers。smell為系動(dòng)詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，相當(dāng)于which/thatsmellssweet。Practice1. Didyouattendthemeeting___yesterday?tobeheldB.havingbeenheldC.heldD.beingheldDoyouknowthenameoftheplay___inthehallnow?tobeputonB.beingputonC.putonD.puttingonIborrowedabook____byMarkTwainfromthelibrarylastweek.Ilikeitverymuch.writtenB.writingC.waswrittenD.towrite4. Pleasedon’tforgethim.Heisoneof___.thoseinvitedB.invitedthoseC.thoseinvitingD.invitingthoseCBAA1._____blackandblue,theladycouldn’tmove.A.BeatenB.BeatingC.TobebeatenD.TobeatExercises2.____everywhere,thewolveshadnowhere____themselves.A.Hunting,hidingB.Tohunt,tohideC.Hunted,hidingD.Hunted,tohide3.Theteacherwalkedtolab,_____.A.followedbyhisstudentsB.hisstudentsfollowedC.andfollowedbyhisstudentsD.bothAandB4.When_______intothewarmroom,icesoonchangesintowater.A.heatingandtakingB.heated,andtakingC.heatingortakenD.heatedortaken5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.

A.beginsB.havingbegun

C.beginningD.begun6.Mr.Smith,_______ofthe________speech,startedtoreadanovel.(03’北京春)

A.tired;boringB.tiring;boredC.tired;boredD.tiring;boring7.Shewassadbecauseof___anychanceleft.A.therebeingnotB.therenotbeingC.nottherebeingD.therewasnot8.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.(上海2002)

A.beingknown

B.havingbeenknown

C.tobeknown

D.known9._______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.(01’全國夏)

A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered10.Before____,themachinemustbechecked.A.beingusedB.usingitC.beingusedto D.using

11.Pricesofdailygoods________throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.(02’京皖春)

A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying12.The

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exciting;excitingB.

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excited;exciting

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exciting;excited

13.She

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14.The____morning,thefathercameintothelonelyhouse,____byhisnaughtyboy.A.following;followingB.followed;followedC.following;followed D.followed;following15.____thesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijingand____fromthetopofathirty-storedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen16.___betterattention,thevegetablescouldhavegrownbetterwiththesunshiningbrightlyintheskyand___themlight.A.Giving;givenB.Given;givenC.Giving;givingD.Given;giving17.Unless__tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited18.When__,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted19.___in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding20.Ifoundacar______inapoolbythesideoftheroad.A.tobestuckB.stuckC.stickingD.stick英語主動(dòng)形