Unit7 8+Grammar課件【知識點睛+備課精研】 牛津譯林版英語八年級下冊

ThePassiveVoiceUnit7InternationalcharitiesTheplane__________(use)asatrainingcentre.Thelocaldoctorsandnurses__________(invite)onboardtolearnnewskills.150patients________(operate)on.Mosteyeproblemsanddeseasescan__________(cure).Moremoney_________(need)tocarryonwiththework.isusedareinvitedwereoperatedbecuredisneeded被動語態(tài)英語的動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)(TheActiveVoice)與被動語態(tài)（ThePassiveVoice)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者;被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。Manystudents

study

English.(主動語態(tài))English

isstudied

bymanystudents.(被動語態(tài))ThelightswereturnedoffbyTom.Thewindowsarecleanedeveryweek.Millieclosedthedoor.TheTVwasturnedon.Theboymadeamodelplane.Atotal(總數(shù))of8questionsareanswered.orActivePassivePassivePassiveActivePassiveActivePassive主語+be+過去分詞

be

有人稱和時態(tài)的變化。Heis

supported.Weare

invited.UNICRFwas

setupin1946.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+am/is/are+Vt的過去分詞一、一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)口訣：主變賓，賓變主，謂語動詞用bedone1.They

make

shoes.主語+及物動詞+賓語Shoes

aremade(bythem).把下列的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的句子：1、TheyspeakEnglish.2、TheygrowriceinSouthChina.Englishisspoken（bythem）.RiceisgrowninSouthChina(bythem).2.I

bought

acomputer

．Acomputer

wasbought(byme).一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語+was/were+Vt的過去分詞

二、一般過去時的被動語態(tài)口訣：主變賓，賓變主，謂語動詞用bedonewereplantedThebridgewas把下列句子變成被動語態(tài)的句子；1.Theyplantedthesetrees.Thesetrees

.2.Theworkersbuiltthebridgein1968

builtbytheworkersin1968.Tomwillcleantheroom.主謂賓(受動者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTom.一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成:主語+willbe/begoingtobe/shallbe+V的過去分詞三、一般將來時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)1、Wewillhaveasportsmeeting.2、Childrenwilltakesomephotos.3、Sheisgoingtobuysomefood.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyus.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildren.Somefoodisgoingtobeboughtbyher.e.g.Youshoulddrink

morewater.Morewater

shouldbedrunkbyyou.四、含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+情態(tài)動詞（can/may/must/should…）+be+V過去分詞1.Lucymaydrawthepictures.2.Youmustturnoffthelights.3.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.被動語態(tài)的幾種句型1肯定句主語+be+過去分詞+(by…)Asweetsongwassungbyheronthestage.2否定句主語+be+not+過去分詞+(by…)3一般疑問句

Be+主語+過去分詞+(by…)

Asweetsongwasn’tsungbyheronthestage.Wasasweetsongsungbyheronthestage?4特殊疑問句疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞+(by…)Where

wasasweetsongsungbyher?

用所給動詞的被動語態(tài)填空:

1)

yourroom________(clean)everyday?2)Ourclassroom__________(notclean)yesterday.3)Bothofthetwobooks__________(lose)lastSunday.4)Thestudents___________(ask)tohandintheirhomeworkontimeeveryday.5)---When

thiskindofcomputer

(make)inHongKong?---In2000.Iscleanedwasn’tcleanedwerelostareaskedwasmade一般現(xiàn)在時帶情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。1.Youcandotheworkallbyyourself.Thework_______________allbyyourself.2.Wemustplantmoretrees.Moretrees__________________.3.Weshoulddigalargehole.Alargehole______________.4.Canweputourbikeshere?_____ourbikes_________here?5.Youmustn’tthrowrubbishhere.Rubbish_________________here.6.Wecan’tseemanystars.Manystars___________________.

小結(jié)：1.含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：______________________.2.疑問句提前_____________;否定句：___________+not.canbedonemustbeplantedshouldbedugCanbeputmustn’tbethrowncan’tbeseen情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞1.Charityactivities_________________________(plan/tohelpthepoor).areplannedtohelpthepoorWhat

theydoeveryyearP99Leaflets__________________________________________________(handout/topeopleinthestreet/volunteers).arehandedouttopeopleinthestreetbyvolunteersToysandCDs_____________________(sell/toraisemoney).aresoldtoraisemoneyWhattheydidlastweekNewbooks___________________________________________________________(send/tochildreninpoorareas/theClass1,Grade8students).

weresenttochildreninpoorareasbytheClass1,Grade8studentsWarmclothes__________________________(collect/forpoorpeople).

werecollectedforpoorpeopleAcharityshow_____________________________(hold/theStudents’Union).

washeld

bytheStudents’UnionMybike______________(nottake)yesterday.wasnottakenWe_________________(notsupport)bythem.arenotsupportedP100Amy:I’mreadingabookaboutOxfam.Daniel:Really?Pleasetellmeaboutit.抓關(guān)鍵詞確定時態(tài)Amy:OK.Oxfam___________(setup)intheUKin1942,andthefirstOxfamshop__________(open)in1948.Nowithasabout15,000shopsinallovertheworld.Alotofthings_________(sell)inOxfamshops,includingbooks.Themoney_______(use)byOxfamtohelppoorpeople.

wassetupwasopenedaresoldisusedDaniel:That’sgood.TherearealsosomecharityprojectsinChina.Oneofthem________(call)ProjectHope.It__________(start)in1989.Withitshelp,millionsofpoorchildrenalloverthecountry__________(give)basiceducation.

iscalled

wasstartedaregivenAmy:Yea.Manyschools__________(build)inpoorareaseachyear.arebuiltactivities/inEnvironmentWeek/alotof/organize/aregoingtoAlotofactivitiesaregoingtobeorganizedinEnvironmentWeek.design/posters/will/bySandyPosterswillbedesignedbySandy.AEnvironmentweekTaskThreePracticetoallthepeople/send/leaflets/inthetown/willLeafletswillbesenttoallthepeopleinthetown.aregoingto/hold/someoftheactivities/inthetownsquareSomeoftheactivitiesaregoingtobeheldinthetownsquare.Lisa:Hi,Harry.There’sgoingtobeanenvironmentshowhere.Harry:Really?Whenistheshowgoingtobeheld?Lisa:(1)____________________________________________(thisFridayevening)Harry:Willtheshowbeheldatyourschool?Lisa:No,(2)___________________________________.(atthetownhall)BEnvironmentweekTheshowisgoingtobeheldthisFridayevening.TheshowwillbeheldatthetownhallTaskThreePracticeHarry:Whowillbeinvitedtotheshow?Lisa:______________________________________________________(somefamouspeopleinourtown)Harry:Whatwillbedisplayedattheshow?Lisa:(4)_______________________________________________________________________(videosaboutthepastandpresentofSunshineTown)Somefamouspeopleinourtownwillbeinvitedtotheshow.VideosaboutthepastandpresentofSunshineTownwillbedisplayattheshow.Harry:Whatwillbediscussedattheshow?Lisa:(5)_________________________________________________________________(waysabouthowtoprotecttheenvironment)Waysabouthowtoprotecttheenvironmentwillbediscussedattheshow.Pollutionisoneofthebiggestproblemintheworldtoday.Inmanyplaces,rubbish(1)___________(throw)intolakesandrivers,somanyofthem(2)____________(pollute).Insomecities,theair(3)________(fill)withpollution.Thismakespeopleill,andmorepeople(4)_____________(hurt)inthefutureifitisnotcleanedup.isthrownarepollutedCPollutionisfilledwillbehurtTaskThreePracticeAswellaspeople,animals(5)___________(harm)bypollution.Landandwaterpollutionkillsmanyanimalseveryyear.Ifwedonotacttoimprovetheenvironment,

morelivingthings(6)_________(kill)bypollution.However,thereissomegoodnews.Ashow(7)___________(hold)atthetownhallthisFridayevening.Allofuswillhaveachancetothinkabouttheworldaroundus.Onthatday,we(8)________(show)howtoprotecttheenvironment.Ifweworktogether,wecanmaketheworldabetterplace.areharmedwillbekilledwillbeheldwillbeshown

a.感官動詞see,hear,watch,noticeb.使役動詞let,make

c.helphelpsb(to)do

I.感官動詞，使役動詞,help

——

被動語態(tài)中加tosbbeseen/heardtodosthsb

be

let/made

to

do

sthsb

be

helped

to

do

sth1.Thebossmadetheworkersworkallday.2.Ioftenhearhersingintheroom.3.Wesawsomeboysplayingfootball.

Theworkersweremadetoworkallday.

She

is

often

heard

to

sing

in

the

room

.

Some

boys

were

seen

playing

football

.He

teaches

us

English.

主語謂語間賓直賓（1）把間接賓語(即sb)變?yōu)橹髡Z。WearetaughtEnglish(byhim).（2）若把直接賓語(即sth.)變?yōu)楸粍泳涞闹髡Z時，常在保留賓語前加to或for。Englishistaughttous(byhim).

II.雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)——

主語為物，添加to/forVII.有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,cook等。如：

(1)Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。(2)Thenewproductsellswell.這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。

對比：Thebookssellwell.(主動句)

Thebooksweresoldout.(被動句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主動句)

Themeatwascookedforalongtime.(被動句)1、不及物動詞，后面不能直接帶賓語，因此不能變被動語態(tài)。happen,takeplace,appear,disappear,breakdown,belongto,breakout(爆發(fā)）Theaccident______earlythismorning.happenedB.washappenedC.hashappened

TheOlympics__________(takeplace)everyfouryears.takeplaceVIII.不用被動語態(tài)的情況必背！

2，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。

(1)Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.

Itisfeltverysoft.(2)Thefoodtastesdelicious.

Thefoodistasteddelicious.(3)Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.

Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.

√√√IX.在漢語中，有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語，在英語中一般可用被動結(jié)構(gòu)來表示，例如：

據(jù)說……

Itissaidthat…

據(jù)報導(dǎo)……

Itisreportedthat…

據(jù)推測……

Itissupposedthat…

希望……

Itishopedthat…

眾所周知……

Itiswellknownthat…

普遍認為……

Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建議……

Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.1.TodayEnglish_______alloverChina.

A.teachB.teachesC.