名校版高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)

名校版高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專題時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)(一)一般時(shí)態(tài).一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：do/does用法：表示現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；表述客觀真理及存在；表示按時(shí)間表擬定或安排好的事情。.一般過(guò)去時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：did用法：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。一般過(guò)去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去。.一般將來(lái)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：①will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形；②be(am/is/are)goingto+動(dòng)詞原形;③be(am/is/are)aboutto+動(dòng)詞原形/be(am/is/are)onthepointof+動(dòng)名詞;④be(am/is/are)to+動(dòng)詞原形4.Currently,about35,000works(display)inover300roomsintheLouvre,anditwouldtakealifetimetoseeeverything.解析：arebeingdisplayed根據(jù)上文"Currently(目前)〃可知，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)；display與主語(yǔ)works之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。［自測(cè)中查漏補(bǔ)缺］I.單句語(yǔ)法填空.Theartistwassurehewouldbechosen(choose)rbutwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor'schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed..Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshouldbe_placed(place)onlongevity(長(zhǎng)壽)..Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowerscarries(carry)specialsignificance..The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formed(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759..Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledandpointed(point)downtheriver..0nthelastdayofourweeklongstay,wewerejnvited(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.7.1lovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsIhave_made(make)overtheyears.8.1was_driving(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.口.完成句子.Ifitdoesn'^rain^we'11goonapicnicasplanned.如果不下雨，我們將按計(jì)劃去野餐。.Weoftenwent_out_forvwalkaftersupperwhenwelivedinthecountryside.我們?cè)卩l(xiāng)下住的時(shí)候經(jīng)常晚飯后出去散步。.Sheis_leaving_earlytomorrow.(leave)明天她要早動(dòng)身。.Greatchangesineveryfieldhave_taken_placeinthelasttenyears.在過(guò)去10年里各領(lǐng)域都發(fā)生了巨大的變化。.WhenmyEnglishteachertoldmethatIhad_been_chosen_as_a_competitor,_Idevotedmyselftothepreparations.當(dāng)我的英語(yǔ)老師告訴我我被選為參賽者時(shí)，我專心于準(zhǔn)備工作。m.語(yǔ)法填空Weallknowcleanwaterisimportantforgoodhealth.Butnowwealsoknowweshouldwatch_1_wekeepourwaterin.Plasticbottleshardenedwithadangerousmaterial_2_(call)BPAcanreleaseachemicalintoourwaterthatharmsourbodies.Since2011,manycountries_3_(ban)plasticwithBPAfromuseinfoodcontainersandfeedingbottles.ButareothernonBPAplasticssafe?PlasticlabeledBPAfreemightuseotherchemicalsthathave_4_(harm)effectsonhealth._5_(study)haveshownthatlowlevelsofthosechemicalsmighthavethesameeffectsasBPA.So,whatshouldpeopledo?The_6_(good)materialtodrinkfromisglass,_7_hasnochemicalsthatcanpoisonwater.Anothergoodchoice_8_awatercontainerisastainlesssteel(不$秀鋼)bottle.Stainlesssteelbottlesarebetterthanaluminum(鋁)bottles,whicharecoveredwiththinplastic_9_(protect)themetalfromacids(酸).Therearemanygoodfoodgradestainlesssteelwaterbottlesonthemarket.Ifyoudodecidetouseareusableplasticwaterbottle,avoid_10_(keep)itinthesun.Sunlightandhotliquidspeedupthereleaseofchemicalsintoyourdrinkingwater.語(yǔ)篇解讀：用BPA硬化而成的塑料瓶在存放水時(shí)會(huì)釋放一種對(duì)身體有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，一些標(biāo)明不含BPA的塑料也可能使用了對(duì)健康有害的其他化學(xué)物質(zhì)。存放水的最佳材料是玻璃，不銹鋼也是不錯(cuò)的選擇。.what考查名詞性從句。根據(jù)下文中的"Plasticbottles"可知，此處表示我們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該留意存放水的地方。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)，表示〃……的事物〃，故用what引導(dǎo)該賓語(yǔ)從句。.called考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，adangerousmaterial和動(dòng)詞call之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用call的過(guò)去分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)。.havebanned考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)該句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)"Since201r可知，該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，目主語(yǔ)manycountries為復(fù)數(shù)，故填havebannedo.harmful考查形容詞?？仗幮揎椕~effects,故用harm的形容詞形式harmful,表示〃有害的〃。.Studies考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)該句中的"haveshown"可知，該句主語(yǔ)應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)，且此處study作〃研究,調(diào)查〃講，是可數(shù)名詞，故用study的復(fù)數(shù)開(kāi)鄉(xiāng)式。.best考查形容詞的最高級(jí)。上文介紹了兩種對(duì)身體有害的塑料存水容器，結(jié)合該句中的〃The〃并根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示用來(lái)喝水的最好的材料是玻璃。故用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。.which考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞為glass，故用which引導(dǎo)該從句。.for/as考查介詞。根據(jù)本句語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示用途，故用for或者as。.toprotect考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：不銹鋼瓶比鋁瓶好，鋁瓶上覆蓋著薄薄的塑料以保護(hù)金屬不被酸腐蝕?？仗幈硎灸康?，故用動(dòng)詞不定式。.keeping考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。avoiddoingsth.為固定用法,意為〃避免做某事〃。用法：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。4.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：@should/would+動(dòng)詞原形;②was/were（going/about）to+動(dòng)詞原形用法：表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間來(lái)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。（二）進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式（以do為例）用法現(xiàn)在am/is/aredoing①說(shuō)話時(shí)正在發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行②現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的事時(shí)③與always等連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等語(yǔ)氣過(guò)去was/weredoing①過(guò)去某一階段正在發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行②表示委婉語(yǔ)氣時(shí)③過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的事將來(lái)will/shallbedoing將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間里正在進(jìn)行的進(jìn)行動(dòng)作時(shí)（三）完成時(shí)態(tài)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：have/hasdone用法：①到現(xiàn)在為止已發(fā)生或完成且對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響；②從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；③用于特定句型中，如Thisisthefirsttimethat...等。2?過(guò)去完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：haddone用法：①到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已完成，即〃過(guò)去的過(guò)去〃；②從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)間；③用于特定句型中，如Thiswasthefirsttimethat…等。3.將來(lái)完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式：willhavedone用法：將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間，某一動(dòng)作將會(huì)完成。（四）各種時(shí)態(tài)下的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成（以do為例）would/現(xiàn)在時(shí)過(guò)去時(shí)將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)一般式am/is/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone進(jìn)行式am/is/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成have/hashadwill/shallhave式beendonebeendonebeendoneshouldhavebeendone［集訓(xùn)中明晰考點(diǎn)］⑴對(duì)于一般時(shí)態(tài)的考查以其基本用法為主；(2)主將從現(xiàn)：主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句一般要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；⑶一些特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)往往能夠決定句子用何種時(shí)態(tài)。如：every+時(shí)間段，sometimes,usually,onSunday等常和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)連用；…ago,theotherday,in2018,lastweek,justnow等常和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用；tomorrow,nextweek,in+一段時(shí)間等常和一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用?？键c(diǎn)1一般時(shí)態(tài).Youcan'thelpwonderinghowhardit(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.解析：was本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，連接副詞how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。從句的主語(yǔ)是it,句中缺少謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，同時(shí)結(jié)合句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)then可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填was。.We(hire)ourb汰esfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakybutdidthejob.解析：hired分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，hire應(yīng)在句中作謂語(yǔ)。下一句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was和did使用了過(guò)去時(shí)，故空處需用過(guò)去時(shí)。故填hiredo.Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017zaverageruralBMIincreasedby2.1inwomenandmen.Incities,however,thegain(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.解析：was此處是在講1985年至2017年間城市中人們的BMI值增加的情況，是描述過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，且上一句使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，空處所在句也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填waso.AfterLincolnwaselectedPresidentoftheUSin1861,theyrentedthehouseand(sell)mostoftheirfurniture.解析：sold句意：1861年林肯當(dāng)選美國(guó)總統(tǒng)后，他們出租了房子,并賣掉了大部分家具。這里描述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，由并列謂語(yǔ)rented可知此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填sold。.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,〃CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,"becauseit(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoonisconstructed/'解析：means根據(jù)直接引語(yǔ)中的excites,have可知，此處表述的是客觀情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語(yǔ)是it,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。考點(diǎn)2進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(1)考查以基本用法為主；(2)常和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的一些特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有now,atpresent,atthismoment等;常和過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有atthatmoment,thistimeyesterday,thewholemorning等;常用的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)句型有bedoing...when…結(jié)構(gòu),意為〃正在做……,這時(shí)(突然)……l.Mymother(put)hergroceriesintoshoppingbagswhenastrangercameuptoher.解析:wasputting本題考查bedoing...when…結(jié)構(gòu),意為〃正在做……，這時(shí)(突然)……〃。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中came,可知此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填wasputting。2.Susanhadquitherwellpaidjoband(work)asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.解析：wasworking句意：去年〃我〃去看望蘇珊的時(shí)候，她已經(jīng)辭去了那份高薪的工作，正在社區(qū)做志愿者。根據(jù)句意可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，因此用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。3.ForthepastfourdaysI(take)partinadisabilityartsfestivalasamemberofachoir(合唱團(tuán))setupspeciallytoperformatthisfestival.解析：havebeentaking此處強(qiáng)調(diào)〃一直在參加〃，用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。(1)一些特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)往往能夠決定句子用何種時(shí)態(tài)。如：bytheendoflastyear,beforeIcamehere等常和過(guò)去完成時(shí)連用;during/in/overthelast(past)fewyears(monthsrweeks...),inrecentyears,sofar,uptonow等常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用；(2)by引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律：by+過(guò)去時(shí)間,句子用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；by+將來(lái)時(shí)間，句子用將來(lái)完成時(shí)；by+現(xiàn)在時(shí)間(now),句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(3)it'sthefirsttimethat后面從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)日wasthefirsttimethat后面從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)?？键c(diǎn)3完成時(shí)態(tài)l.Itdoesn'timpresslikeGeorgeWashington'splantationonthePotomac,butLincoln'shomeindowntownSpringfield,Illinois,(prove)irresistibletovisitorssinceitopenedtothepublic.解析：hasproved/hasproven根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句"sinceitopenedtothepublic"可知，此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。由句子的主語(yǔ)Lincoln'shome可知，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用has,故填hasproved/hasproveno2.We(do)quiteenoughworkforthemorning;nowlet'stakeabreak.解析:havedone根據(jù)后半句"nowlet'stakeabreak”可知，做很多工作這件事情是從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。3.Byabout6000BC,people(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.解析:haddiscovered根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Byabout6000BC(到大約公元前6000年)可知，空格處的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用過(guò)去完成時(shí),故填ha