專(zhuān)題14-第十四章語(yǔ)氣（初高區(qū)別及銜接）（教師版）-2021-2022學(xué)年英語(yǔ)初升高銜接大串講（牛津譯林版2020）

第十四章語(yǔ)氣初中知識(shí)回顧初中學(xué)習(xí)的是陳述語(yǔ)氣和祈使語(yǔ)氣。這兩種語(yǔ)氣，都是表示真實(shí)的描述、推測(cè)或者命令等?；仡櫼唬宏愂稣Z(yǔ)氣陳述語(yǔ)氣表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實(shí)的、確定的或符合事實(shí)的，用于陳述句、疑問(wèn)句和某些感嘆句。.Thereabasketballmatchinourschooltomorrow/B)A.willhaveB.wiilbeC.arcD.isgoingtobe回顧二：祈使語(yǔ)氣祈使語(yǔ)氣表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的建議、請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、命令等。.yourumbrella,oryou'llcatchacoldonsucharainyday.(A)A.TakeB.TotakeC.TakingD.Takes高中知識(shí)銜接在高中，我們要學(xué)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式。它用來(lái)表示所說(shuō)的不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、建議或是與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。類(lèi)別用法例句if引導(dǎo)的條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式(be用were)；主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifhewerehere,hewouldhelpus.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：had+過(guò)去分詞；主句動(dòng)詞：should/would/could/might+havc+過(guò)去分詞IfIhadbeenfree,Iwouldhavevisitedyou.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反從句動(dòng)詞：過(guò)去式/should+動(dòng)詞原物were+不定式;主句動(dòng)詞:should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgocamping.其他狀語(yǔ)從句asif引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或過(guò)去完成式Theyaretalkingasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.evenif/though引導(dǎo)的從句，與現(xiàn)在將來(lái)/事實(shí)相反：從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，主句動(dòng)詞用should/would+動(dòng)詞Eveniftheyweretofail,theywouldn'tlosecourage.

原形。與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反:從句動(dòng)詞：had+過(guò)去分詞；主句動(dòng)詞：should/would+have+過(guò)去分詞賓語(yǔ)從句demand,suggest,order,insist等表命令、建議、要求后的從句中動(dòng)詞（should）+動(dòng)詞原形Hesuggestedthatwenotchangeourmind.wish后的從句中分別用過(guò)去式、過(guò)去完成式和coukVwould+動(dòng)詞原形表示與現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去和將來(lái)情況相反IwishIcouldbeapopsinger.主語(yǔ)從句在Itisnecessary/important/strangethat...,Itissuggested/demanded/ordered/requestedthat...等從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriends.表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句作idea,advice,order,demand,request等表命令、建議、要求的詞的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用（should）+動(dòng)詞原形Myadviceisthatyou(should)finishyourhomeworkfirst.Theideathatyou(should)goisright.其他句型中Itistimethat…句型中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或shou【d+動(dòng)詞原形It'shightimethatweleft.wouldrather所接的從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式Iwouldratheryoustayedathomenow.Ifonly句型中動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或者過(guò)去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望Ifonlyourdreamhadcometrue!.1didn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcomeD【解析】本題考查的是f條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。題意是“我''在會(huì)議上沒(méi)看到你姐姐，故你姐姐沒(méi)來(lái)。因此“如果她來(lái)了”與事實(shí)相反，前面一句交代了是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的虛擬，所以從句中用had+過(guò)去分詞。.Johnwenttothehospitalalone.Ifhemeaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellD【解析】同上。B.tellsA.shouldtellD【解析】同上。B.tellsC.toldD.hadtold—Iwishtheyalwayslate.A.weren'tB.hadn'tbeenC.wouldn'tbeD.wouldn'thavebeenA【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為：一孩子們哪兒去了？這頓飯快要吃不起來(lái)了。一我但愿他們不要老是遲到。wish引出虛擬語(yǔ)氣，題干中出現(xiàn)always,從句虛擬使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。選A。4-1havegonethroughahardtimeinthelastfewyears.-Really?!wishyoumeaboutitearlier.Afterall,wearefriends.A.toldB.hadtoldC.wouldtoldD.tellB【解析】同上。.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wcrcbrokenD.hadbeenbrokenC【解析】本題考查的是asif引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)題，題中“當(dāng)鉛筆的一部分浸在水中，鉛筆看上去好像斷了“，而實(shí)際上鉛筆并未斷，與事實(shí)相反。前半部分陳述是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因而主句是對(duì)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的虛擬，用werebrokeno.—Thankyoufbrtellingmeofthetime,orIlateyesterday.-Don'tmentionit.A.shouldbeB.wouldbeC.willhavebeenD.wouldhavebeenD【解析】同上。throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.A.couldn'thavegoneB.didn'tgoC.wouldn'tgoD.hadn'tgoneA【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。句意為：沒(méi)有你的慷慨幫助，我是不可能度過(guò)那段痛苦的時(shí)期的。thatbitterperiod表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間，對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用主語(yǔ)+should/would/couldmighl+havedone表達(dá)，故選A。.Withoulhishelp,Itheworkintime.A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinishedD.couldnothavefinishedD【解析】同上。.Gcorgcisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI'dratherhemoreonitsculture.A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfbcusD.hadfocusedB【解析】wouldrather也是虛擬語(yǔ)氣的標(biāo)志。句意為：約翰將要談?wù)撍膰?guó)家的地理，但是我寧愿他更多地關(guān)注一下文化。.-Don'tyouthinkitnecessarythathetoMiamibuttoNewYork?-Iagree,buttheproblemishehasrefusedto.A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;thatC.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsend;whatB【解析】同上。思考總結(jié)虛擬語(yǔ)氣是高中階段的重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法，常常用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的愿望、請(qǐng)求、建議、驚奇、設(shè)想等。其?？键c(diǎn)為：1.判斷表示建議、命令、請(qǐng)求后的從句所使用的虛擬語(yǔ)氣；2.without,butfor等隱含的虛擬語(yǔ)氣;3.if引導(dǎo)的錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬語(yǔ)氣。隨堂練習(xí)I.單句填空.Shouldnaps(小睡)actually(take)duringtheday?【答案】betaken.Therearetwodrivers.Onehasadestinationinmindwhichcan(find)onamap.【答案】befoundII.單句改錯(cuò).Though1don'tknowwhatIcandofortheanimalsyet,Icanatleasttofollowmybrother.【答案】刪除t。.ShealsosuggestedthatIcanintroducemyculturetomyclassmates.【答案】can—?should或刪除can.(2019江蘇,31)Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe(have)agoodlimetogether.【答案】wouldhavehad.(2019天津,14)Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.【答案】wouldhaveaccomplished.(2018北京,12)Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacauseseriousproblemsforacompany.【答案】can.（2018天）聿,1（））1can'tfindmypurse.Ihaveleftitinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.【答案】could/might.（2018天津,15）Ifwe（catch）theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.【答案】hadcaught.（2018江蘇,27）Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI（have）asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.【答案】had.（2017］匕京,2l）Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,easilyreach（hebooksonthetopshelf.【答案】can.（2017天津,2）Myroomisamess,butIcleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.【答案】needn't.（2017天津,15）—DoyouhaveBetty'sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I（be）abletoreachheryesterday.【答案】wouldn'thavebeen.（2017江蘇,22）（be）itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.【答案】Were.（2016北京,31）1lovetheweekend,becauseIgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.【答案】needn't.（2016北京,34）Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek?Ifyou（tell）me,Icouldhavehelped.【答案】hadtold.（2016天津,5）1（wasreallyannoying;Igetaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended.【答案】couldn't.（2016fl：蘇,27）Ifil（be）forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.【答案】hadnotbeen/hadn'tbeen.（2015江蘇,28）ItmighthavesavedmesometroubleIknowntheschedule.【答案】had.（2015天津,13）1wishI（bc）atmysister's