漢英演示文稿

Chinese—EnglishDifferencescultureFunctionofwords:denotativemeaning&connotativemeaning(p8)PragmaticmeaningThinkingpattern:Ethicsvs.cognitionIntegrityandsyntheticvs.individualityIntuitionvs.evidenceFigurativevs.logical

她踢脫鞋子，踏進(jìn)一雙拖鞋?？墒菍?duì)她那雙纖纖細(xì)腳來(lái)說(shuō)，脫鞋顯得太大了。換了鞋以后，她便失去了幾分韻味，個(gè)子也矮了些。Shekickedhershoesandsteppedintoapairofslipperswhichweretoobigforhertinyfeet;withoutshoesshelostsomeofhereleganceandheight.在一家百貨公司，碰巧有一對(duì)老夫婦，他們經(jīng)過(guò)左挑右選，猶豫再三，終于從口袋里笨拙地摸出600塊錢(qián)來(lái)，買(mǎi)了一床優(yōu)質(zhì)的鴨絨被，當(dāng)鴨絨被從柜臺(tái)那邊遞過(guò)來(lái)時(shí)，兩人滿(mǎn)意地笑了。Itsohappenedinadepartmentstorethatanoldcouple,aftercarefulselectionandmuchhesitation,fumbled600Yuanfromtheirpocketsforaqualitydownquilt,smilingwithcontentwhenthepackagewashandedoverthecounter.Exercises從前，齊國(guó)有個(gè)人，想要金子，想得入迷了。一天清早，他穿好衣服，戴上帽子后，就趕到市場(chǎng)上。他走到賣(mài)金子的地方，伸手抓起一塊金子就走。管市場(chǎng)的小官把他抓住，審問(wèn)他：“你竟敢當(dāng)眾搶人家的金子，怎么這樣大膽啊？”他回答說(shuō)：“我拿金塊的時(shí)候，實(shí)在沒(méi)有看見(jiàn)人，只看見(jiàn)金子?。　盠ecture2Analyticlanguagevs.syntheticlanguageIdeographic-orientedsyllabicscriptvs.alphabeticscriptTonationlanguagediscussion館：博物館、圖書(shū)館、旅館、賓館、大使館、領(lǐng)事館、茶館、飯館、理發(fā)館、體育館、展覽館、文化館、美術(shù)館、科技館、天文館、照相館……酒：葡萄酒、白酒、烈酒、啤酒、香檳酒、雞尾酒、白蘭地酒、威士忌酒、杜松子酒……筆：鋼筆、鉛筆、圓珠筆、蠟筆、粉筆、毛筆、畫(huà)筆、電筆……好：a．他是祖國(guó)的好兒子。b．莊稼長(zhǎng)得真好。c．他們對(duì)我真好。d．樓的質(zhì)量不好。e．這個(gè)問(wèn)題很好回答。f．啊，好票學(xué)習(xí)：a．學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)b．學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)C．學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)d．學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)e．學(xué)習(xí)別人的長(zhǎng)處f．互相學(xué)習(xí)g．以雷鋒為學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣

意義的分類(lèi)（1）外延意義denotativemeaning內(nèi)涵意義connotativemeaning風(fēng)格意義stylisticmeaning情感意義affectivemeaning聯(lián)想意義reflectivemeaning搭配意義colocativemeaning主題意義thematicmeaning——Leech意義的分類(lèi)（2）

指稱(chēng)意義designativemeaning言?xún)?nèi)意義linguisticmeaning言外意義pragmaticmeaning——CharlesMorrisTranslationofpragmaticmeaning“娘，他們……是要?jiǎng)兾覀冎袊?guó)人的臉皮啊，你知道嗎?”驕陽(yáng)下，柳樹(shù)上，回答他的是一片“知了，知了”的蟬聲。“Mother，whattheyaskedmetodowasnot…buttolosefaceforallChinese!Don’tyousee?”Inthescorchingsun，fromthewillowtree，comestheconfirmfingreplyofthecicada’schirrup：“See，see…”(夏乙琥譯)拿鋤頭刨黃連——挖苦。TodigCoptiswithahoe——dig．人曾為僧，人弗可以成佛。女卑是婢，女又何妨成奴。ABuddhistcannotbudintoaBuddha.Amaidenmaybemadeahousemaid.(許淵沖)王佐良教授譯《雷雨》魯大海：（掙扎）放開(kāi)我，你們這群強(qiáng)盜！周萍：（向仆人）把他拉下去！魯侍萍：（大哭）這真是一群強(qiáng)盜！（走到周萍面前）你是萍…..憑什么打我的兒子！Hai:(struggling)Letgoofme,youhooligans!Ping:(totheservants)Hustlehimoutside!Ma:(breakingdown)Youarehooligans,too!(goingacrosstoChouPing)You’remy------mightyfreewithyourfists!Whatrighthaveyoutohitmyson?默默無(wú)蚊的奉獻(xiàn)Mosquito-repellentincense,repellingmosquitoesinsilence.exercises1．中國(guó)人民不用多久就會(huì)變得富裕起來(lái)。2．一般人要到失去他們所擁有的一切時(shí)，才會(huì)珍惜他們所擁有的一切。3．我們只消研究一下愛(ài)迪生所做出的杰出發(fā)現(xiàn)就可以看到其重大意義。4．即使商品質(zhì)量好，也不能漫天討價(jià)。5．最近人口統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示中國(guó)人口已超過(guò)十三億。Lecture3

SyntacticdifferenceTextdifference①Syntheticvs．AnalyticEnglishisasyntheticlanguagemarkedwithinflexions(曲折變化形式)，whileChineseisananalyticlanguagewithoutanyinflection，whichisusuallyimpliedinthecontextorexplicitlyshowninsuchwordsas“著、了、過(guò)”etc．Forexample：Duringthewartime，yearslikethesewouldhavemeantcertaindeathformanypeople.Manywouldhavebecomebeggarsandotherswouldhavebeencompelledtoselltheirchildren．Thusencouraged,theymadeastillbolderplanforthenextyear．②Compactvs．DiffusiveEnglishsentencesarecompacttightlycombinedwithconnectivesorprepositions，whileChineseisdiffused，thatis，looseinstructure．Nowtheintegratedcircuithasreducedbymanytimesthesizeofthecomputerofwhichitformsapart，thuscreatinganewgenerationofportableminicomputer．現(xiàn)在集成電路成了計(jì)算機(jī)的組成部分，使計(jì)算機(jī)的體積大大縮小，從而產(chǎn)生了新一代的便攜式微型計(jì)算機(jī)。AnotionhastakenholdintheUStotheeffectthattheonlypeoplewhoshouldbeencouragedtobringchildrenintotheworldarethosewhocanaffordthem．在美國(guó)有一個(gè)根深蒂固的觀點(diǎn)，說(shuō)是只有對(duì)那些撫養(yǎng)得起子女的人，才應(yīng)鼓勵(lì)其生育。③Hypotacticvs．ParatacticInEnglish．clausesorphrasesarecoordinatedwithorsubordinatedtooneanothersyntacticallywhileinChinesetheYareplacedoneafteranotherwithoutcoordinatingconnectives．Themanycolorsofarainbowrangefromredontheoutsidetovioletontheinside．彩虹有多種顏色，外圈紅，內(nèi)圈紫。Hehadadisconcertinghabitofexpressingcontradictoryideasinrapidsuccession．他有一種令人難堪的習(xí)慣：一會(huì)兒一個(gè)看法，自相矛盾，變化無(wú)常。④Complexvs.SimplexEnglishsentencesarelongandcomplex，whileChinesesentencesareshortandsimple．Forexample：Manyman-madesubstancesarereplacingcertainnaturalmaterialsbecauseeitherthequalityofthenaturalproductcannotmeetourever-increasingrequirement，or，moreoften，becausethephysicalpropertiesofthesyntheticsubstance,whichisthecommonnameforman-madematerials，havebeenchosen,andevenemphasized，sothatitwouldbeOfthegreatestuseinthefieldsinwhichitistobeapplied．人造材料通稱(chēng)為合成材料。許多人造材料正在代替某些天然材料，這或者是由于天然物產(chǎn)的數(shù)量不能滿(mǎn)足日益增長(zhǎng)的需要，或者是由于人們選擇了合成材料的一些物理性質(zhì)并加以突出而造成的。因此，合成材料在其應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域?qū)⒕哂袠O大的用途。⑤Impersonalvs．PersonalTherearemoreimpersonalstructuresinEnglishthaninChinese，asshowninthefollowingexamples：·Whathashappenedtoyou?你出了什么事兒啦?·Anideasuddenlystruckme．我突然想到一個(gè)主意。·Astrangepeacecameoverherwhenshewasalone．她獨(dú)處時(shí)感到一種特別的安寧?！otasoundreachedourears．我們沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到任何聲音?！greatelationovercamethem．他們欣喜若狂?！hetruthfinallydawnedonher．她最終明白了真相。⑥Passivevs．ActiveAswehavementionedinthepreviousunits，thepassivevoiceisextensivelyusedinEnglish，whileChinesesentencesareusuallyactive．AfewyearsagoitwasthoughtunusualthatprogramscouldeverbecalledupbyviewerstobedisplayedontheirTVscreensathome．幾年前人們還以為，觀眾居然能夠打電話(huà)要求在自己家里的電視屏幕上播出節(jié)目是一種稀罕的事情。⑦Staticvs．DynamicEnglishisstatic，withagentnounsbeingfrequentlyusedtoreplaceverbs，whileChineseisdynamic，withmoreverbsbeingusedinasinglesentence．·Heisagoodeaterandagoodsleeper．他能吃又能睡?！oumustbeaverybadlearner；orelseyoumustbegoingtoaverybadteacher．你一定很不善于學(xué)習(xí)，要不然就是教你的人很不會(huì)教⑧Abstractvs．ConcreteInexpressingthesameideaEnglishseemsmoreabstractwhileChinese，moreconcrete．·Theabsenceofintelligenceisanindicationofsatisfactorydevelopments．沒(méi)有消息即表明有令人滿(mǎn)意的進(jìn)展?！highdegreeofcarelessness，pre-operativeandpost-operative，onthepartofsomeofthehospitalstaff，tookplace．醫(yī)院某些醫(yī)護(hù)人員在手術(shù)前后都非常粗心⑨IndirectVS．DirectSomeEnglishsentencesseemtobeindirectinaffirmationwhileChineseSentencesarestraightforward．·Icouldn’tfeelbetter．我覺(jué)得身體好極了?！couldn’tagreewithyoumore．我太贊成你的看法了?！ecan’tseeyouquickenough．他很想盡快和你見(jiàn)面?！fyouhaveacar，youareindependentoftrainsandbuses．如果你有小汽車(chē)，就不用去坐火車(chē)或擠公共汽車(chē)。⑩SubstitutiveVS．RepetitiveGenerallyspeaking，therearenotusesomanyrepetitionsinEnglishasinChinese．·YoushouldhelphersinceyouhavepromisedtodoSO．你既然答應(yīng)了要幫助她就應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助她?！ehatedfailure；hehadconquereditallhislife，risenaboveit，anddespiseditinothers．他討厭失敗，他一生中曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗，超越失敗，并且藐視別人的失敗。Exercises1．由于失業(yè)率增高，美元幣值下降，股票市場(chǎng)處于困境之中，經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題將是總統(tǒng)所面臨的最嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。2．一到南京，我的朋友就在機(jī)場(chǎng)等著接我。3．盡管是一個(gè)大學(xué)生，小鄭連一封英文信都寫(xiě)不好。4．20年來(lái)，中國(guó)的科學(xué)家們?yōu)樽鎳?guó)做出了貢獻(xiàn)。5．在這座小村落中，他被人們看成是一個(gè)聰敏的人。6.我校目前尚未設(shè)博士點(diǎn)。Textdifference語(yǔ)篇功能和文化色彩小的扣緊，大的放松，池子里捕魚(yú)，太湖里放生。(夏衍：《考驗(yàn)》)Fussyabouttrifles，carelessaboutbigthings.Pennywise，poundfoolish．她在戲中扮演包公。SheplayedthemaleroleofJudgeBaoinChinese（thejustandimpartialjudgeinChinesehistory)intheopera．語(yǔ)篇功能和語(yǔ)體色彩如蒙早日寄來(lái)樣品或產(chǎn)品冊(cè)，不勝感激。Itwouldbeappreciatedifsamplesand/orbrochurecouldbesoonforwardedtous.鄙人當(dāng)盡力而為。Yourstrulywilldohisbest．今年春季召開(kāi)的全國(guó)科學(xué)大會(huì)，動(dòng)員全國(guó)人民為祖國(guó)的科學(xué)、技術(shù)現(xiàn)代化而努力。ThenationalScienceConferenceconvenedthisspringmobilizedtheentirenationworkforthemodernizationofscienceandtechnology.語(yǔ)篇功能和感情色彩金雞鞋油：顏色有黑、棕、白、紅、黃、藍(lán)。GoldenRoosterShoePolishcomesinblack，brown，white，red，yellowandblue．“白象”牌電池——WhiteElephantBrand1．你們不能草率行事，應(yīng)先找李先生給你們點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥。2．該市警方對(duì)旅館和公共娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所定期展開(kāi)“掃黑”行動(dòng)。3．這個(gè)貧困縣年年從省里得到救濟(jì)糧。4．他們想問(wèn)題做事情的方法，他們的歷史習(xí)慣跟我們不同。5．今年春天由黨中央召開(kāi)的全國(guó)科學(xué)大會(huì)，動(dòng)員全國(guó)人民為祖國(guó)的科學(xué)、技術(shù)現(xiàn)代化而努力。LectureFour

Workouttheappropriatedenotativemeaning

昨天看電影我沒(méi)有買(mǎi)到好票。煙囪通風(fēng)不好，所以火不旺。“行動(dòng)比言語(yǔ)更響亮”可能老掉牙了，但它仍不失為一條真理。這個(gè)車(chē)間既做來(lái)料加工，又做來(lái)樣加工。我銀行里為你掛個(gè)名，你白天去走走，晚上教教我兒子，一面找機(jī)會(huì)，好不好?她在中國(guó)留學(xué)服務(wù)中心工作。這個(gè)我自己決定不了，我得請(qǐng)示請(qǐng)示上邊兒。

Ididnotbuyagoodseatforyesterday’sfilm．Thereisnotmuchdraughtupthechimney；that’swhythefiredoesn’tburnwell．“Actionsspeaklouderthanwords”maybeanover-wornphrase，butit’sstilltrue．Thisworkshopprocessesrawmaterialsonclient’sdemandandprocessesaccordingtoinvestor’ssamplesaswell．I’llputyouonthepayrollatthebank．Youcandropinduringthedayandintheeveningtutormysonwhilelookingforajob．How’sthat?SheworksattheChineseServiceCentreforScholarlyExchange．Ican’tdecideonitpersonally．Ihavetoaskthetopkick.一次性這所全國(guó)重點(diǎn)大學(xué)為社會(huì)輸送了大批的人才。：要在不到十年中實(shí)現(xiàn)小康目標(biāo)，任務(wù)是很艱難的，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)人口眾多，底子薄，各地發(fā)展不平衡，……“慰問(wèn)”一詞譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)根據(jù)被慰問(wèn)的對(duì)象選詞。①這些村民每年都到附近去慰問(wèn)解放軍。②每年春節(jié)期間，當(dāng)?shù)毓賳T往往去慰問(wèn)烈軍屬。③他到醫(yī)院慰問(wèn)病號(hào)去了。④政府派了一個(gè)慰問(wèn)團(tuán)去慰問(wèn)洪水災(zāi)區(qū)的人民。⑤這些慰問(wèn)袋春節(jié)之前要發(fā)到下崗職工手里。漢英動(dòng)詞翻譯的特點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的含義比較單一，其修飾意義往往需要副詞配合。英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)能力強(qiáng)，不僅表達(dá)動(dòng)作本身，而且還包含有修飾意義。所以翻譯帶副詞修飾的漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不少情況下不使用副詞。一座古塔陰森森地矗立在山腰上。他摸索著把門(mén)打開(kāi)。暴風(fēng)雨狂襲了一陣后停了。我的姐姐又因?yàn)槲也粣?ài)整潔而向我嘮叨地勸誡了。這個(gè)案子很難辦，但那個(gè)受審的人已事先得到律師的仔細(xì)指點(diǎn)。語(yǔ)篇詞語(yǔ)的翻譯【例1】“首先，……”(譯成英語(yǔ)有多種譯法：First；Firstly；Atfirst；Firstofall；Tobeginwith等。)【例2】“第二(三、四、五……)”可譯為“second(secondly；third，thirdly；fourth；fifth…)?！纠?】“最后，……”(可以譯為：lastly；atlast；finally；eventually；toconclude等等。)【例4】“雖然……，”有多種表達(dá)法，應(yīng)注意交替使用，不可只使用一種表達(dá)法。①文章雖短，但很有說(shuō)服力。②他雖很努力，但沒(méi)成功。③你雖然取得了成績(jī)，但仍應(yīng)保持謙虛。④她們雖是女流但卻爭(zhēng)著搶著干最重的活。⑤革命烈士雖死猶榮。⑥雖然自己曾和她信誓旦旦，但此一時(shí)也彼一時(shí)也。LectureFivechoosethebestwords:precise,concise,andexpressive這就點(diǎn)燃了武裝斗爭(zhēng)的燎原大火。Thislightedtheprairiefireinrevolutionaryarmedstruggle．他們?cè)诜e極鞏固戰(zhàn)果。Theyareactivelyconsolidatingtheirvictoriousgains．女詩(shī)人知道春天就要到了，因?yàn)樗吹搅艘恍┭嘧印hepoetessknewspringwascoming，becauseshesawsomeswallows．他吹著口哨沿著海濱漫步。Hewaswhistlingashewalkedalongthebeach．他想這樣會(huì)使工程及時(shí)全面展開(kāi)，從而減少中途停工的可能。Hethoughtthiswouldlessenthechanceoftheproject'sbeingstoppedbeforeitreallygotunderway．吸煙是他的習(xí)慣，對(duì)他的健康損害很大。Smoking，hishabit，hasdoneconsiderableharmtohishealth．他們你一句，我一句，說(shuō)個(gè)沒(méi)完。Theytalkedonandonwithoutstop.我們的目的，一定能夠達(dá)到。Ourgoalwillbeattainedcertainly．這些問(wèn)題就是他提出的關(guān)于美國(guó)政治制度的問(wèn)題。Thesequestionsarethequestions/onesheraisedontheAmericanpoliticalsystem．你們的計(jì)劃要進(jìn)行調(diào)整。Yourplanwillhavetobeadjusted．我們應(yīng)該大力加快經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的步伐。Weshouldmakegreateffortstoacceleratethepaceofeconomicreform.NotetheChinglishtoacceleratethepaceofeconomicreformtherehavebeengoodharvestsinagricultureLivingstandardsforthepeopleinbothurbanandruralareascontinuedtoThedevelopmentofoureconomyinthefuturewill,toalargeextent,dependonFollowingtherealizationofmechanizationandelectrificationofagricultureItisimpossibleforustoaccomplishthetransformationofthewholesocietyovernightuntilChinarealizesindustrialmodernization他總算把記者招待會(huì)對(duì)付過(guò)去了。Afterall，hesurvived/dealtwiththepressconference．花園里花草茂盛，五彩繽紛。Thegardeniscarpeted/fullwithamassofmulticoloredflowers．妻子問(wèn)他，“你為什么回來(lái)得這么晚?干什么去了?”他說(shuō)道：“難道你要限制我的行動(dòng)自由嗎?”“Whybackhomesolate?Whatdidyoudosomewherehere?”demanded/askedhiswife．“DoIunderstandyouwanttohampermyfreedomofaction?”heretorted/said/answered．在學(xué)習(xí)中我們應(yīng)該互相促進(jìn)。Inourstudies，weshouldhelpeachotherforward．exercises全民族抗戰(zhàn)展開(kāi)了。他們講唯心論，我們講唯物論。但是單有這個(gè)條件還不夠，還要求別的條件和他配合。首先是人民的條件.他兒子當(dāng)時(shí)還是一個(gè)小不點(diǎn)兒。你要母雞多生蛋，又不給它米吃，又要馬兒跑得快，又要馬兒不吃草。世界上哪有這樣的道理!我們應(yīng)該記住老一輩科學(xué)家們?yōu)槌晒ρ兄啤皟蓮棥倍^斗的那些日日夜夜。Thechoiceofwords看黑板看電視看書(shū)看朋友看病看天氣看茶開(kāi)車(chē)開(kāi)船開(kāi)機(jī)器開(kāi)會(huì)開(kāi)燈開(kāi)業(yè)開(kāi)玩笑開(kāi)夜車(chē)開(kāi)支票開(kāi)工開(kāi)胃開(kāi)荒國(guó)家建設(shè)城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)加強(qiáng)國(guó)防和軍隊(duì)建設(shè)加強(qiáng)政治思想建設(shè)加強(qiáng)民主法制建設(shè)和平地，不受軍事威脅地建設(shè)自己的未來(lái)思想道德素質(zhì)科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)體能健康素質(zhì)素質(zhì)教育提高全民法律素質(zhì)Translatethepassage

經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展涉及到范圍廣泛的技術(shù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化等各方面的進(jìn)展。在經(jīng)濟(jì)高度發(fā)展的社會(huì)，僅小部分人從事農(nóng)業(yè)，農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)率較高，而大部分勞動(dòng)力則從事于其他商品的生產(chǎn)及服務(wù)性行業(yè)。（時(shí)文翻譯）usefulwordsandexpressions:涉及torelateto方面dimensions;aspects經(jīng)濟(jì)高度發(fā)展的社會(huì)asocietywithhighlydevelopedeconomy從事tobeengagedin生產(chǎn)率productivity服務(wù)性行業(yè)serviceindustryLectureSixWordsandCulture詞義空缺例:據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)，當(dāng)?shù)鼐綄⑸钊腴_(kāi)展“嚴(yán)打”斗爭(zhēng)和專(zhuān)項(xiàng)治理。[譯文]Reportssaythatlocalpolicewillfurthertheircrackdownonallcriminalactivitiesandlaunchspecialcampaignstofightthecrimeandsocialevilsthatthepublicdetestmost．例:唐至開(kāi)元、天寶以后，作者蔚起，和以前大不同了。[譯文]Towardsthemiddleoftheeighthcenturythefashionchanged，andthereweremanywritersoffiction．例:錢(qián)先生周歲時(shí)“抓周”，抓了一本書(shū)，因此得名“鐘書(shū)”。WhenQianwasjustoneyearold，hewastoldbyhisparentstochooseonethingamongmanyothers．Hepickedupabookofallthings．Thereuponhisfatherverygladlygavehimthename：Zhongshu(=booklover)．意義走失在改革中，許多國(guó)營(yíng)企業(yè)實(shí)行了合同制，被推向市場(chǎng)。Thecontractsystemintroducedinmanystate-ownedenterprisesduringthereformexposedtheenterprisestomarket___．少數(shù)服從多數(shù)。Theminority_issubordinatetothemajority__．文化特色詞語(yǔ)的英譯直譯：概念意義和文化意義相同露面丟臉老手

笑柄碰壁禍不單行一只耳朵聽(tīng)，一只耳朵出為什么不你老人家明天就去走一遭，先試試風(fēng)頭兒去？（《紅樓夢(mèng)》）Whynotgotheretomorrowandseehowthewingblows?意譯胸有成竹Hehaslonghadfully-grownbambooinhisbosom.Hehaslonghadawell-thought-outplaninhismind.接著他們用繩子五花大綁，把節(jié)振國(guó)捆得像個(gè)粽子似的、又是一陣拳打腳踢。節(jié)振國(guó)的嘴里鼻孔里鮮血直冒。（《赤膽忠心》）Theygavehimagoodcuffandkick,trussedhimuplikeafowlandthenwentonwallopingandkickinghimtillhisnoseandmouthwereabloodypulp.變通（鳳姐:）“這通身的氣派竟不像老祖宗的外孫女兒，竟是嫡親的孫女兒似的。”（《紅樓夢(mèng)》）“Herwholeairissodistinguished!Shedoesn’ttakeafterherfather,son-in-lawifourOldAncestress,butmorelikeaJia.”(Tr.YangXianyi&GladysYang)一見(jiàn)面是寒暄，寒暄之后說(shuō)我“胖了”，說(shuō)我“胖了”之后即大罵新黨。（《祝?！罚〢fterexchangingafewpoliteremarkswhenwemet,heobservedthatIlooked“fat”,andhavingmadethatcomplimentaryremarkhelaunchedaviolentattackontherevolutionaries.模仿cowboy牛仔虛步emptystep弓步bowstep鐵飯碗theironrice-bowl半邊天halfthesky紙老虎papertiger淡化一刀切的辦法dosth.indiscriminately毛主席問(wèn)陳妻：“你們倆感情好不好？”陳妻答：“好?！敝飨?tīng)了感到非常高興。ThenChairmanMaotalkedwithChen’swife.Hewaspleasedtoknowthattheyhadahappyhomelife.詞語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)用意義慚愧（不敢當(dāng)；哪里）您太客氣（讓你破費(fèi)；不好意思）恭喜發(fā)財(cái)！一路順風(fēng)別客氣（沒(méi)什么）漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)翻譯打草驚蛇tobeataboutthebush亡羊補(bǔ)牢tolockthestabledoorafterthehorsehasbeenstolen同舟共濟(jì)tobeinthesameboat怒發(fā)沖冠tomakeone’shairstandonend洗手不干towashone’shandsoff諺語(yǔ)少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲學(xué)如行舟，不進(jìn)則退·一桶水搖不響，半桶水響叮當(dāng)·水落石出·這山望到那山高·雷聲大，雨點(diǎn)小漢語(yǔ)重疊詞組

讓我們把房子打掃打掃。Let’scleanupthehouse．當(dāng)?shù)弥煞蚝蛣e的女孩子約會(huì)時(shí)，她就大吵大鬧起來(lái)。Whenshelearnedthatherhusbandhaddatedothergirls，shestartedyellingbloodmurder．聽(tīng)說(shuō)你們公司有個(gè)空位，我很想去試一試。但你能先為我牽線(xiàn)搭橋嗎?IhearthereisanopeninginyourcompanyandIwouldliketofillit．Butwillyoupullsomestringsforme?四字格質(zhì)地優(yōu)良tobeexcellentinquality(或withsuperiorquality)品種齊全incompleterangeofarticles款式繁多withvariouspatterns選料考究choicematerial做工精細(xì)fineworkmanship色澤鮮明bright-coloured零售價(jià)格retailprice批發(fā)價(jià)格wholesaleprice貨到付款paymentagainstarrival出類(lèi)拔萃aboveaverage馳名中外tobepopularbothathomeandabroad一針見(jiàn)血——totouchoneontheraw不翼而飛——totakewingstoitself小題大做——tomakemountainsoutofmolehills格格不入——asquarepeginaroundhole山窮水盡——attheendofone’srope冷若冰霜——ascoldasamarble半斤八兩——sixofoneandhalfadozenoftheother胸有成竹——tohaveacardupone’ssleeve孤注一擲——toputallone’seggsinonebasket紙上談兵——armchairstrategy白費(fèi)唇舌——tospeaktothewind同行相嫉——Twoofatradecanneveragree．一文不名——withoutapennytoone’snameexercises稱(chēng)心如意窮兇惡極發(fā)號(hào)施令驚天動(dòng)地

唉聲嘆氣胡言亂語(yǔ)日新月異粗制濫造深仇大恨奇談怪論奇裝異服南腔北調(diào)儒林外史駱駝祥子好事不出門(mén)，壞事傳千里近朱者赤，近墨者黑外甥打燈籠，照舅（舊）子曰：“工欲善其事，必先利其器?！蔽蚁Ｍ覀兯械耐?，首先是老同志，不要翹尾巴，而要夾緊尾巴，戒驕戒躁，永遠(yuǎn)保持謙虛進(jìn)取的精神。LectureSeven

Trytoformthemostappropriateversiondiscussion我們?nèi)〉昧撕艽蟮某煽?jī)，但這并不意味著我們就可以從此吃老本而無(wú)需進(jìn)取了。例：老師答應(yīng)給這幾個(gè)學(xué)生“吃小灶”。Wehaveachievedalot，butthatdoesn’tmeanwecanthereforerestonourlaurelswithoutaiminghigh．Theteacherhaspromisedtogivethesestudentsspecialtuition．Digouttheconnotativemeaning你怎么能夠相信他呢?他是個(gè)墻頭草，誰(shuí)硬就跟誰(shuí)。他真是軟棉花捏的，挨了罵都不敢還嘴。Howcanyoutrusthim?Don’tyouknowthathealwayssitsonthefenceandfallsonthesideofthestronger?He’swishy-washy．Hedarenottalkbackwhenbeingcursed．Choosethemostexpressivewords幾天工夫，由于搶購(gòu)，商店的貨物銷(xiāo)售一空。Withindays，panicbuyingemptiedstoreshelves.這份辛苦的工作正在影響到我的健康。Thishardworkistellingonmyhealth．頤和園是我國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民勤勞和智慧的產(chǎn)物。A.TheSummerPalaceistheresultofChina’sworkingmen'sindustryandwisdom．B.TheSummerPalaceisamonumenttotheindustryandwisdomofthelaboringpeopleofChina．C.TheSummerPalaceistheoutcomeofChina’sworkingmen’sindustryandwisdom．這種論點(diǎn)目前還有一定的市場(chǎng)。Thisargumenthassomeappealatpresent．他廢寢忘食地工作Heeats，drinksandsleepshiswork．Lookforanotherpassage努力實(shí)現(xiàn)從擴(kuò)大規(guī)模數(shù)量為主向提高質(zhì)量效益為主的轉(zhuǎn)變。Effortsshouldbemadetoshiftpriorityofexpandingscaleandquantitytoimprovingqualityandefficiency．2.當(dāng)?shù)卣疄榱烁纳粕鷳B(tài)環(huán)境采取了許多措施。Thelocalgovernmenthasdonemuchfortheimprovementoftheecologicalenvironment．Avoidshowingthesameface科學(xué)知識(shí)要求完全不受個(gè)人情感的影響。Scientificknowledgeaimsatbeingwhollyimpersonal．柏拉圖的教誨對(duì)亞里士多德有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。P1ato’steachingshadaprofoundeffectonAristotle．粗劣的食物影響兒童自然的生長(zhǎng)。Poorfoodarreststhenaturalgrowthofchildren．他們讓孩子們受到好書(shū)的影響。Theyexposechildrentogoodbooks．他們?cè)谡紊先狈τ绊懥?。Theylackpoliticalclout．Chinglishexamples她是一個(gè)大齡青年Sheisabig-ageyouth．互相借鑒對(duì)方的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”tolearnfromeachother’sexperience，英、美人說(shuō)：toprofitablyshareexperience．這些原則一直是我們民族的精神支柱。Theseprinciplesareourspiritualpillar.Theseprincipleshavenourishedthesoulofournation.1.IfthereisseriouschaosinHongkong,theChinesegovernmentwouldbeforcedtoreconsider…2.thesepracticesshouldbetotallyabolished.3.Ithinkweshouldactivelypromotetheestablishmentofanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.4.allsocialcirclesaretremendouslyenthusiasticaboutprovidingeducationWilliamZinsser:Mostadverbsareunnecessary.Youwillclutteryoursentenceandannoythereaderifyouchooseaberbthathasaprecisemeaningandthemaddanadverbthatcarriesthesamething…Againandagainincarelesswriting,strongverbsareweakenedbyredundantadverbs.Wehavedozensofthousandsofstudentsstudyingabroad,anditisquiteimportanttocreatesuitableconditionsfortheirworkaftertheycomeback.Idon’tthinkthatthatpartofhistory,afailysignificantpartofourlivesformygeneration,hasgonewiththewind.Literaltranslation他接過(guò)書(shū)擺在膝蓋上讀了起來(lái)。Hetookthebook,laiditonhislapandbegantoread.香蜜湖中國(guó)娛樂(lè)城是深圳娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)所之一。Honey-lakeChinaRecreationTownisoneofthepublicplacesforentertainmentinShenzhen.象鼻山是桂林最精彩的山。ElephantTrunkHillisthemostmagnificentofallinGuilin.直譯加注法保持原文語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格1990年共批準(zhǔn)“三資企業(yè)”99家，全省“三資企業(yè)”已達(dá)284家。In1990,theprovinceapproved99‘ThreeFormsofVentures’(Sino-foreignjointventures,cooperativeenterprisesandholisticforeign-fundedenterprises).Thetotalnumberofthe‘ThreeFormsofVentures’reached284.Freetranslation他們的個(gè)性相差十萬(wàn)八千里。沉住氣，即使考試不及格天也不會(huì)塌下來(lái)。你再不好好干，就要丟飯碗了。他是個(gè)二百五。木已成舟，只好作罷。他一開(kāi)口總是三句不離本行。Translatethefollowingsentenceswithtwomethods一切反動(dòng)派都是紙老虎。這兩種建筑的設(shè)計(jì)在大小、材料和建筑構(gòu)型方面千差萬(wàn)別。顧客對(duì)辦公室工作人員的服務(wù)態(tài)度不滿(mǎn)。價(jià)格降低了，但是質(zhì)量并沒(méi)有降低。AllroadsleadtoRome近年來(lái)，深圳和香港的交通運(yùn)輸發(fā)展迅速，為兩個(gè)地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和貿(mào)易合作提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)。InrecentyearsthetransportationandcommunicationofShenzhenandHongkonghavequicklydeveloped,providingagoodfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetworegions.RecentyearshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofthetransportationandcommunicationinShenzhenandHongkong,whichhaspreparedforgoodeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetworegions..Shenzhenandkongkong,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheirtransportationandcommunicationinrecentyears,havelaidagoodfoundationfortheireconomicandtradecooperation.TherapiddevelopmentofthetransportationandcommunicationofShenzhenandHongkonginrecentyearshaslaidasoundfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetworegions近年來(lái)，中、泰兩國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展迅速，為兩國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)、貿(mào)易合作提供了良好的基礎(chǔ)。A.InrecentyearsthenationaleconomiesofChinaandThailandhavequicklydeveloped,providingagoodfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.B.RecentyearshavewitnessedtherapiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomiesinChinaandThailand,whichhaspreparedforgoodeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.C.ChinaandThailand,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheirnationaleconomiesinrecentyears,havelaidagoodfoundationfortheireconomicandtradecooperation.D.TheraiddevelopmentofthenationaleconomiesofChinaandThailandinrecentyearshaslaidasoundfoundationforeconomicandtradecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.homework臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)神圣領(lǐng)土不可分割的一部分。我們將一如既往地堅(jiān)持“和平統(tǒng)一，一國(guó)兩制”的基本方針，堅(jiān)持江澤民主席關(guān)于發(fā)展兩岸關(guān)系、，推進(jìn)祖國(guó)和平統(tǒng)一進(jìn)程的八項(xiàng)主張，大力發(fā)展兩岸經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技、文化等領(lǐng)域的交流與合作，增加人員往來(lái)，與臺(tái)灣同胞共同努力，堅(jiān)決反對(duì)制造“臺(tái)灣獨(dú)立”、“兩個(gè)中國(guó)”、“一中一臺(tái)”等分裂活動(dòng)。TranslationofDiscoursesTranslationofadvertisementsTranslationofliteratureworksTranslationofnewsreportTranslationofEST(EnglishforScienceandTechnology)FunctionsofadsinformativefunctionAestheticfunctionExpressivefunctionVocativefunctionFeaturesofad’slanguageSentencestructureSimplesentenceOral-Btoothbrush:Thebestwaytogetridofplaqueistobuildabettertoothbrush.Orangejuice:Theonlyorangejuiceproventohelpreducecholesterol.ImperativesentenceKetchup:AddCheerToYourChickenTRANSITIONSglasses:SeeAWorldOfDifferenceWithNewTransitionsComfortLenses.Somecosmetics:Ahh…Spa!TakeMeAway!-ed/ingphrasesIntroducingtheplasticprescriptionlensesthatlightenanddarkenasthelightchanges.(光學(xué)公司)Shampoo:Blendedwithcitrusextractstobringoutyourhair’smostradiantshine.

ShortsentenceTastetoogreattowait.(食品)Notallcarsarecreatedequal.(三菱汽車(chē))Cookingwithoutlooking.(minuterice)Makeyoureveryhelloarealgood-buy.(電話(huà)機(jī))PartedsentenceSea,sun,sand,seclusion---andSpain!(海濱旅館)Sometimesafrighteningburdenisplacedonachild.Byafather,amother,orboth.(兒童福利廣告)Justputitin,brush,letitstandtenminutes,thenflush.(去污劑)FiguresofspeechParallelismNootherpantslooksthiscomfortable.Nototherpantsarethiscomfortable.(某輕便短褲)Withordinaryprinter,youseethedog;Withourprinter,youseethecat.(打印機(jī))Personification

Shehasherownspiritanditgraceseveryoneshecomesnear.(perfume)Thecarsaysyou’vemadeittothetop.(汽車(chē)廣告)

RhymeAnewversion,anewvision.(童車(chē))Oncetasted,alwaysloved.Thechoiceisyours,thehonorisours.pun

Beer:WhichlargercanclaimtobetrulyGerman?Thiscan.telephoneMakeyoureveryhelloarealgood-buy.hyperboleWe’vehiddenagardenfullofvegetableswhereyou’dneverexpect.Inapie.在您意想不到的一個(gè)地方，我們珍藏了滿(mǎn)園的蔬菜，那就是在一個(gè)小小的餡餅里。Littlewondertheydon’tbuildcarsliketheyusedto.Buildingapenisdifficultenough.難怪他們不像以前那樣造汽車(chē)了，制造一支筆就已夠難的。(筆藝之精湛)Whatdoadstranslationrequire?AdsstyleSameinformationFunctionofpublicityRhetoricTobefreeandcreativeBrand+slogan+textBrandtranslationmethodsLiteraltranslation皇冠牌Crown自然美化妝品NaturalBeauty好日子牌GoodDaysMindtheculturaldifferences船牌床單Junk帆船；廢品，破鐵舊罐；假冒貨蝙蝠牌電扇Bat吸血鬼，殘忍transliteration海天Haitian紅塔Hongta太極Taiji新科Shinco康佳Konka格力Gree美的Midea羅莎RosaMindhomophone西子香皂Shitze(shits)芳芳牌Fang(thetwo,sharp,upperteeththatsomeanimalshave.)Anidealway:combinethesoundandmeaning黛絲洗發(fā)水Daisy方太廚具Fountain白沙集團(tuán)Beshiny海信電器Hisense轉(zhuǎn)譯Createandredesign統(tǒng)一食品President正廣和純凈水Aquarius潔婷Ladycare樂(lè)百氏飲料Robust金利來(lái)領(lǐng)帶Goldlion=gold+lion雅戈?duì)朰oungerGoodyear固特異SlogantranslationDiamond:AdiamondisforeverNIKE:JustdoitMaxwellcoffee:GoodtothelastdropPHILIP:Let’smakethingsbetter森馬：特步：農(nóng)夫山泉：直譯法李寧運(yùn)動(dòng)服：一切皆有可能Anythingispossible.嘉亨印務(wù)：給我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，還你一個(gè)驚喜。Givemeachance,andyouwillhaveabigsurprise.丁家宜：擁有完美肌膚的秘訣Thesecretforperfectskin轉(zhuǎn)譯法國(guó)酒茅臺(tái)，相伴輝煌Goodandvigorousspirit.鶴舞白沙，我心飛揚(yáng)Flyhigher.運(yùn)動(dòng)休閑，我行我速Gomyownway.我有我品質(zhì)Whatwedo,wedowell.仿譯法imitation愛(ài)您一輩子Lovemetender,lovemetrue.一冊(cè)在手，縱覽全球Theglobebringsyoutheworldinasinglecopy.中原之行哪里去？鄭州亞細(xì)亞WhileinZhengzhou,doastheZhengzhounesedo----GoshoppingintheAsianSupermarket.隨身攜帶，有備無(wú)患；隨身攜帶，有驚無(wú)險(xiǎn)。（速效救心丸）Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.Transfertherhetoric直譯眉筆象花瓣一樣柔和Oureyebrowpencilsareassoftaspetals.揚(yáng)子，我為你自豪！YangziFridges,Iamproudofyou!非?？蓸?lè)，非常選擇ExtraordinaryCola.Extraordinarychoice.意譯文字處理機(jī)：輸入千言萬(wàn)語(yǔ)，奏出一片深情T(mén)hiswordprocessorplaysatuneofdeepfeelingwheneveryouaretyping.皮鞋：皮張之厚無(wú)以復(fù)加，利潤(rùn)之薄無(wú)以復(fù)減Theleathershoesmakeherearethickenough;Profitthat’sobtainedisslightenough.并用

鞋油：第一流的產(chǎn)品，為足下增輝Thefirst-rateshoepolishaddslustertoyourshoesandhonortoyou,ourfriends.飲料：甜甜蜜蜜，無(wú)限愛(ài)戀盡在其中Withboundlessloveinit,thedrinkismorethansweet.Texttranslation在四川西部，有一美麗去處。它背倚岷山主峰雪寶頂，樹(shù)木蒼翠，花香襲人，鳥(niǎo)聲婉轉(zhuǎn)，流水潺潺。它就是松潘縣的黃龍。OneofSichan’sfinestspotsisHuangLong,whichliesinSongpancountyjustbeneathXuebao,themainpeakoftheMinshanMountain.Ithaslushgreenforestsfilledwithfragrantflowers,babblingstreamsandsongbirds.Preciseandconcise

簡(jiǎn)潔明快，刪減冗余該產(chǎn)品配方科學(xué)，選料上乘，工藝先進(jìn)，含有豐富的蛋白質(zhì)，脂肪，維生素及不飽和脂肪酸和微量元素。Theproductispreparedfromsupermaterialandproducedbyscientificformulaandadvancedtechnology,richinprotein,fat,vitamins,notsaturatedfattyacidsandmicroelements.“長(zhǎng)城號(hào)”游船設(shè)施豪華舒適，除觀景塔、游泳池、酒吧間、日光浴室外，佳肴美點(diǎn)，中西皆備，并有寬敞的游步甲板，游客飽覽沿途風(fēng)光，華麗而舒適的客房均有空調(diào)設(shè)備，令您有賓至如歸的感受。BeingadeluxecruisertotourtheYangtzeRiver,“TheGreatWall”hasindoorandopen-airobservationtowers,aswimmingpool,abar,asolariumaswellasChineseandWesternrestaurantsandaspaciousdeck.Allthecabinsaresuperb,comfortableandair-conditioned.Seekingfunctionalequivalence茅臺(tái)：醬香突出，幽雅細(xì)膩，酒體醇厚，回味悠長(zhǎng)，空杯留香持久，歷屆國(guó)家名酒評(píng)比之冠，尊為國(guó)酒。CarefullyBrewedPureandMellowWithaLong-LastingAroma(ChinesePictorial)本品采用100%天然棉層精梳制成，品質(zhì)柔軟貼切，適合化妝使用。經(jīng)特殊化學(xué)高溫殺菌、脫脂處理，品質(zhì)清潔，衛(wèi)生可靠。棉質(zhì)柔軟細(xì)致，能徹底清除油垢殘妝，讓你的肌膚更具健康活力。最適用于上妝、卸妝；拭除面霜、唇膏、指甲油；清潔貴重物品。100%COTTONGENTLEANDSOFTenoughforababy’sskin.ANATURALWAYtoremovemakeupandcleanser,nailpolish,lotion,cream,etc.PERFECTfora