2023年美國文學(xué)題庫部分

一、記住下面詞條（單選題和填空題)１.Asｃienｔistwｉｔhloｔsｏｆinｖeｎtionsaｎdafamousexpｅｒiｍeｎｔ(kite,elｅctriｃiｔy,tｈｕｎderｓtoｒm).Ｆranklindidａｌotoｆfamoｕsexperimentsaｎdｉnventedmａnｙthｉｎgssｕchａsvoｌunteerfiｒeｄeｐａrtmeｎts,efｆeｃtｉvesｔreeｔlｉghting,bifocａｌglasｓes，ｅfｆicｉｅｎtheaｔingdｅｖices，liｇhｔnｉng-ｒｏd（避雷針)andｓｏon２.Ｔｙpicallｉｔeraryｆorｍsofrｏmaｎｔiｃｉsｍｉnｃluｄeｂaｌlad,lyriｃｓ，ｓeｎｔimentaｌcomeｄｙ,noｖelｓ,gothiｃｒｏmance，ｓonnet，andcrｉｔicaｌessays.3.Reacheｄiｔｓpｅaｋwiththeａpｐｅａｒaｎceoｆthｅmajoｒauthorsofthe19thcｅntuｒysuｃhａsＥdｇａrＡｌlenPoｅ,WaltWhitmａnａndＥｍilyＤickinｓｏninｐoeｔｒy,andNathanielHａwtｈorｎeanｄHeｒｍaｎＭeｌvilｌeiｎficｔion.4．ＪａｍesFeｎｉmoreCｏoperdeveｌopｅdthreekinｄｓofnoｖelｓ．ThｅｆirstkiｎｄisａboｕttｈerevolｕｔｉｏnaｒypasｔｓucｈasThｅSpy．TheseｃondｋｉｎｄistheseaｎovｅlssuｃhastｈePilｏt.TheｔhirｄkｉnｄisabouｔtｈeAmericanfrontier.?５.NathａnｉaｌＨawtｈornｅ’sｗｏrkｓbeloｎgtodarkｒomanｔiciｓm，caｕtionarytａleｓｔｈatsuggestthatguｉlt，sin，ａndｅｖilareｔhｅmosｔiｎherentnａt(yī)uralｑｕalｉtiesｏｆhumａｎitｙ.ManｙofhiswｏrkｓareinｓpirｅdbyPuｒiｔanNewEｎｇlandcｏmbinｉnghistoriｃalｒｏmanceloadeｄwithsymｂoｌismanｄdeeppsychologicalｔhｅmeｓ,bordｅｒingoｎsurrｅaliｓｍ.6.“ＴheAmeriｃａnSｃhｏlar”ｈａsbeencａllｅdAmerｉca’sDecｌaｒationofIｎtelｌectuaｌIｎdepeｎdｅncebecａusehｅcalledonAmerｉcanwｒｉｔｅｒstowrｉteaboｕtＡｍerｉｃainanAmeｒicanｗａyiｎsteａdｏｆimｉtａｔiｎgthiｎgsforeｉgｎ.7．Ｔｈｏｒeauｈasfａｉtｈｉｎtｈeinnerｖiｒtueａndinｗard,sｐiritualｇracｅofｍaｎ；Thｏrｅａuwaｓｃriticalｏfmoｄｅrncｉｖilｉｚaｔion;Manshoｕldlivｅaｓｉｍpleｌife;anｄhebelievediｎｔhｅrｅgeneｒaｔion改過自新ofman．ＷaｌｄeneｘhibitsThｏrｅau’sｔrustinthｅfutｕreandｈisbeliefiｎａnｅwｇeｎeraｔiｏnofmen.８.Thoughhismoｓtfamousnoveliｓｃｒｉtｉｃiｚｅdforbｅｉnｇracｉst,MarｋTｗaiｎnevｅｒeｘpｅcteｄnｏrintendｅdthｅcｏｎｔroversｙtｈatａroseｗｉthtｈepublicａt(yī)ioｎｏfＨuｃklebｅrryFinn.MaｒkTwａinwaｓnotraｃisｔ，bｕtdｅpictｅdlifeinhistiｍes.9.Natｕraｌisticwｒiteｒswｒitedetaileddesｃrｉpｔiｏｎsｏｆthｅｌｉveｓｏfｔｈelｏｗeｒclass.Ｔheyａrｅinteresｔediｎfinｄingoｕｔhｏｗｍenandwｏmeｎarｅoverｗｈeｌｍｅｄbｙtheｆoｒcesofeｎvironmeｎtanｄbｙｔhefｏrｃesoｆheredity．

１0.InSiｓterCarriｅ,Drｅiserexpresseｄhｉsnaturaｌiｓtｉcpursｕｉｔｂｙeｘｐｏundiｎgtheｐurｐoｓｅlessnessofｌifeａndimpotence(無能為力)oｆｍeｎ.11.Mａt(yī)iｎEdenｔeｌｌshowtheprｏtagoniｓtｃhａngesfromatoileｒtoａbest-ｓeｌｌinｇauthor.Whenｈeｆａｉlｓtoｒesolvethｅｉnnercoｎfliｃtbetweenhisdｅsireｆｏrmａrriageaｎdhisrｅsiｓtaｎｃｅtocoｍｐrｏmiseiｎaclass-oｐpreｓsedsoｃietｙ,ｈｅfinａlｌydrｏwnshimsｅlf.LonｄononcetolｄＵｐtoｎSincｌairthatｈewrｏｔethiｓｎｏvelas“ａnａt(yī)tackonindiviｄualism.”1２.ＴheLoｓtGｅｎeｒationisaｔermａpplｉｅdｔothedisｉllusionedintelｌecｔualsofｔheyearｓfｏllowｉｎgthｅＦirｓｔWｏrlｄWar，ｗhorebeｌlｅdagainstformeｒidealsandvａｌuｅs,bｕtcoulｄrepｌacetｈemonlybydespairｏracｙｎicａlhｅdoｎｉsｍ享樂主義.13．ＳｔreamofＣoｎscｉousｎessisａｌiｔｅrａryｔｅｃｈｎiqｕｅiｎwhｉchaｃharaｃter'sthoｕｇhtsareｐreseｎｔｅdｉntｈeｃｏｎfusiｎg,ｊumbled,andiｎconsｅquentialmanneｒofrealliｆewｉtｈoutanyclarifｉcaｔionbythｅauｔhor.Iｔ＇ｓｂｅstknownwritersaｒeMarcｅlProuｓt,VirginiaWooｌｆ，andJamｅsJoyｃｅ.14.ＴｈomasStｅrnｓEliotwoｎthｅNｏbｅlPrizeforLitｅratｕrein1946.Hiｓｍastｅrpiｅｃe,“TheWaｓteLand”rｅvealsthｅspiritｕalｃriｓｉｓｏfPｏstWaｒＥuｒope,andiscｏnsｉｄeredtｈemanifestoｏfｔhe“LostGeｎeraｔioｎ”.15.EmiｌyDｉckiｎsｏｎwrｏtenearｌy1８０0poemsandｏnｌysｅvenｏfthemweｒｅpublisheddｕringherlifeｔime.Deaｔｈwａｓoneofｔheｇrｅatthemeｓoｆherworkandsheｓeldomloｓtsigｈtｏfｔｈegｒave.16.InWaltWhｉtmａn’sｍaｓterpｉeceLeavｅsofＧrａss,heｐｒaｉsedｔheidｅａsofequalｉｔyanｄdemocｒａcｙandcｅleｂratedthediｇniｔy,theselｆ-rｅliantspｉritandtｈejｏyoｆtheｃｏmmｏnman.“SoｎgofＭyｓelf”isＷｈｉtmａｎ’sｖｅryfamｏusworks.Wｈitmaｎwaｓｔhefirsttoｅxplorefulｌyｔhepossibｉlitｉesoffreｅvｅrsｅ.17.HarlｅmＲeｎａissanｃeｉｓateｒmtodeｓcribeｔheｒeviｖalofthｅliteraryandaｒtiｓtｉｃａｃhｉeveｍeｎtinthｅ１９20sｂyAｆｒo-Ａｍｅrｉcanwｒiｔｅrs.ThewriｔerｓwhowｅrｅasｓocｉatedwithHarlｅmＲeｎａissａnｃｅinｃluｄｅLangstonHuｇhes,ClaｕdeMｃKay,SterlｉnｇＢrowｎ，ＪesｓieFauset,WallacｅTｈurman，JamesWｅldｏnJohnｓon,aｎdMarｃusGarｖey.18.Metaphｏrisafigureofsｐeｅchiｎwhiｃｈawoｒｄoｒphrａseｔｈaｔorｄinarilydｅsiｇnaｔeｓonethingｉsuｓeｄtodesｉgnateａnoｔher,ｔhusmakiｎｇaniｍplｉcitcomparison.

１９.Iｎｔheearｌyｐartｏfｔｈe1９thｃenｔuｒy,NewYorkＣiｔywaｓtｈecenteｒoｆAｍｅricａnwｒiting.Itswｒiｔersweｒeｃalｌｅd：Knｉckｅｒｂocｋers”andthepｅrｉodfrom181０to１840iscａｌｌeｄthe“ＫniｃｋerｂoｃｋeｒsEra”oｆtｈeＡｍeｒiｃanlｉtｅrａｔuｒe.２0.WashｉngｔonＩｒｖingwａsbｏrninNeｗYorkCiｔyｉnａwealｔｈyfamilｙ．Fromaveryeaｒlyageｈｅbeｇanｔoreaｄwideｌyaｎdwriteｊuveniｌｅpoems,ｅssａｙs,ａndpｌａｙs．WiｔhｔhepublicatiｏnｏｆTheSｋｅtｃhBook,heｗonaｍeａsurｅoｆinｔernatiｏnａlfameoｎbｏthｓiｄｅsoftheAｔｌａntic.21.EmerｓonrejeｃtedｂotｈtheformａlｒｅligioｎoｆtｈechurchesandtheDeiｓｔｉｃphilosｏphy;instｅaｄhebaseｄｈiｓreligiononanintuｉtｉvebelｉefinａnｕｌtimatｅｕnity,whichｈeｃａlleｄthe"ｏveｒ-ｓｏuｌ．＂2２．Hawthorne'sｌitｅｒarywｏrldｉｓamｏsｔdisturbed,tormeｎtｅｄandpｒｏbleｍａt(yī)icａloneｍostlｙbeｃauseｏｆｈis"black"ｖisiｏｎoｆｌｉfeａndhuｍａnbｅinｇs．ＨerｅjｅcｔedtheTraｎscｅｎdｅｎｔaｌisｔs'tｒansparｅntｏptiｍisｍaboutthepotenｔialｉtiesｏfｈumannatｕrｅ.Ｉnstｅaｄｈｅloｏkedｍoreｄｅｅｐlyａｎdｐerｈapsｍorehonｅstlｙintolｉfe，ｆindingｉnitmuｃｈsuffeｒinｇaｎdｃｏnflictｂuｔaｌsｏｆindｉngｔheredｅemingpoweroｆlove．2３.Hａwtｈoｒnｅisaｍａsterｏfsymbolisｍ,whichｈetooｋfromthePuritantraditiｏnandbequeathｅdｔｏAmｅricanliｔeｒatuｒeinarevｉvifieｄform．Thｅｓｙmbo1ｃａnｂefoundeｖeryｗｈeｒeinhｉsｗriｔiｎg,andhiｓｍasterpｉeceprovｉdestheｍoｓtconclusｉveproof．２4.Melｖille'swrｉtｉngscａnbeweｌldｉvidedintｏtwｏgroｕps,eachwithsoｍｅｔhｉngincｏmｍｏninthｅｌｉｇhtofthｅthematicｃｏnｃeｒnandｉmaginativｅfoｃus.Mｏｂｙ-diｃkisreｇardedasｔｈeGreatAmericanNovel,tｈｅｆirstAｍeｒiｃanｐｒｏseepic（alongnａrrａt(yī)ｉveｐoemteｌｌinｇofｈeroiｃdｅｅｄｓｏfｒeflectｉnｇthｅｖaluesoｆthesoｃiｅｔyfｒomｗｈｉcｈitｏrｉｇiｎateｄ),tｈoｕghitiｓprｅsentedｉnｔhefoｒmofanｏvｅｌ.25.Ｏ．HenrywasaprｏｌiｆicＡmeｒicanshｏｒt-stoｒｙwritｅr,amａsｔerofsurpriｓｅendingｓ,whowｒoteabｏuｔｔｈelifeofoｒｄinarｙpeoｐleinNewYｏｒkＣitｙ．Ａtｗiｓｔoｆｐlｏt,whichtuｒnsonanｉｒonｉcｏｒcoiｎｃidｅntaｌciｒcumstanｃe，isｔｙpicaｌofO．Ｈenry'ｓstories.26.HenryJaｍｅs(1843-1916),Amｅricaｎ-bornｗriter,ｇiｆteｄwｉthtalentsinlitｅrａt(yī)uｒｅ,psychologｙ,anｄｐhilosophy.Jaｍｅｓwｒotｅ20ｎovelｓ,112sｔories,1２playｓandａｎumberofworksｏｆliterａｒycritｉcｉsｍ.Hewaｓｄeeplyｉnterestedinｔhｅcontrastbｅtｗｅenｔheoｌdｗorlｄａnｄthｅnewone.27.AltｈoughJackLondｏnｗａsaｓociａlist,heinvestedthesｅｍi-auｔobiｏgraphｉcalcｈａｒacterofMartｉnEdｅnwithaｓtrｏｎgdoseｏfiｎdividuaｌiｓm.Hedｅsｃribedｔhenｏveｌasapａrabｌeofaｍanｗhohａｄtodie＂notbecauｓeofhislaｃkoffａithinＧｏd,ｂuｔbecａｕsｅofhｉslaｃkoffaｉｔhinmｅn.＂2８.AｌthoughDicksｏn’spoemｓwereｃalｌｅdｄｏｇgereｌsanｄnurｓeｒｙrhymes,shｅwasrｅｄｉｓcovｅredandbｒoｕghttｏlightinthe2０thcentｕry.Ａlltｈechａracteristicsofherｐｏｅｔrｙfoundtheｉrwayintothepoｅmsoｆsomｅmodｅrｎpｏｅｔs．ＳhesｔｏｏｄasoｎeofthegrｅatestｌyriｃｐoetｓoｆＡmeｒicａ．29．MaｒkTwａin'sworkｓsuｍupｔｈetｒaditionofＷesｔｅrｎhumorａnｄfrontierrｅaｌiｓm.Hｅwritesａbｏuthｉspeｏpｌｅandhisownlifｅ．Hｅloｖestｈemandａｔｔhesamｅtimｅｄeｐictstｈｅdarksideoftheｓocｉｅtybitterly．3０.Hｅｍｉnｇwaysays,“AlｌmｏdeｒnAmｅricaｎliteratuｒｅcｏｍesｆｒomonｅｂｏｏkｂyMａrkＴwａincａlleｄHuckleberryFiｎn.”Ｉt'sthebｅstbookwe＇vehad.Ｔheｒewａsnｏｔhｉngbefｏre．＇Ｔheｒｅｈasbｅennothingｓogoodｓｉnce.＂31.EｚraPoundｓtressedclarity，ｐrecision,andeｃoｎｏｍｙoflanｇuaｇe，andfoｒegoinｇ(earlier)ｔraditｉoｎalrｈyｍeandｍetｅrinorｄｅrtoｃoｍposeｉｎthesequenceoftｈeｍｕｓicalphraｓe.3２.ＲobinsonｗasborninHｅaｄTｉde,ｂuthｉsfamｉlymoveｄtｏHYPERLINＫ",＿M(jìn)ａiｎe＂\o"Gaｒdｉner,Maine"Garｄiner,Mａinein18７0.HedeｓcribｅdhischｉldhoｏdinMａｉneas"sｔarkａndｕｎhapｐy.＂ＨYPERLＩNK""＼l＂cite_nｏｔe-０#cite_nｏte－0"\ｏ""[1]ＨｉsfaｍｉlyalsohaｄprobleｍswithHYPＥＲＬINK""\ｏ"Ａｌcohol＂aｌcoholandhisbrotherHerｍandiedinｐａrtduetothat.Ｈisｅarlydｉfficultｉｅslｅｄｍanyofhiｓｐoemｓｔｏhaveａdarkpｅssiｍismandhiｓｓｔｏｒｉｅsｔodealwith"anＡmericandｒeaｍgｏneａｗａy."3３.ＲｏbertＦｒostisoneofthemｏstpoｐular2０ｔｈCenturyAmeriｃanPoｅｔs，afour－timｅwinneroftｈｅPulitｚｅrＰrｉzｅ.Hiｓadoptstraditiｏnａlvｅrｓeｆorms,ｐlaｉnlanguaｇｅaｎdｅverｙdａyspｅechtｏeｘｐloreｔhｅｃomplexityoｆｈｕmanexistenｃetｈroughtreatingseeｍｉｎgｌytriviａlsｕbｊｅcts.34．SaｎｄｂurgiｓalsorｅmemｂeredｂygeｎerationsofｃhｉldreｎforhisHYPERLＩNＫ"＂\o"RooｔabaｇaＳtorieｓ"RoｏtaｂagａStoriesaｎdRｏｏtaｂagａＰigeｏns,ａsｅrieｓofwhimsical，sｏmｅtｉmeｓmｅｌａncｈolystoriｅsｈｅoｒｉgｉｎallｙcrｅａt(yī)eｄfｏrhisowｎdaughterｓ.３5.Stｅveｎsisararｅexampleofａｐoeｔwhosｅmainｏutputcameatafａiｒlｙａｄvancedage.speｎtｍostofhisadulｔlifｅｗorkｉnｇｆｏｒaninsurancecｏmpanyiｎHYPＥＲLINK""\o＂Ｃonｎｅcticut＂Conｎｅcticut.Hisbｅst-kｎowｎpoemsｉnclude"HYPERLＩNK＂"\o"AnecｄｏteoftｈｅJaｒ"AnecｄoteoftheJar，"＂HYPＥRＬINK""\ｏ＂ThｅEmpeｒoｒofIｃｅCream"TｈeEmpeｒorofIceCream,"＂ＨYPＥＲＬＩNK""\o＂ＴｈeIｄeaofOrdeｒatKeyWest"ＴheIdeaｏfＯｒderatKｅyWest,""HYPERLINK＂(ｐoem）"＼o"ＳunｄayMorｎing（ｐｏem)＂SｕｎdａyMorning,"ａnd＂HYPERLＩNＫ＂"＼ｏ"TｈｉrteeｎＷａｙsofLｏokingataBlaｃｋｂird"ThｉrteenWａysｏfLoｏｋiｎｇaｔaＢlａｃkbirｄ."3６.Tｈetitleoftheｐoｅm“ＴｈeLoveSongofＪ.AlfredPｒufrocｋ”iｓironic,foｒitisinfacｔaｂouｔtheabsenｃeoｆlove.Itdeｖｅlｏpsaｔhemeofａｆrusｔrationandemｏｔiｏｎａlconfｌict.37．FitzgｅｒaldhasbｅcoｍeiｄenｔifiedwiｔhｔｈeｅxtraｖａｇaｎtlivｉnｇofｔhｅJazzAge,andｈeoｎcesaid,“Ｉtwasaｎageofmiraｃles,itwａsanａgeofart,itｗaｓａnａgｅofexceｓs,aｎdｉtwasanageofｓatｉre.”３８.Fitzgerａld’swritｉｎgｓtylｅiｓkｎownfoｒbeinｇclｅar，ｌyrical,ａndwｉttｙ.3９.ＯｎMarch2６,1９20,ＴhｉsSideｏｆParadiｓeispubliｓｈeｄ,makingｔｈe24ｙｅar-oｌｄFitzｇeraldfaｍouｓａｌｍｏｓtovｅrｎight．４0.ＷiｌliａｍFaｕｌkner’ｓworksareregａrdeｄasthesｕｍmｉtofSoutherｎlｉｔeｒature.TｈeYoknapatａｗｐhasagａdesｃribｅsｔhｅrisｅandfallｏfsoｕtheｒnaｒｉsｔocrａt(yī)icｆamiｌies:theＣｏmpsonｓ，tｈeSartorｉseｓ,TｈeSutｐens,thｅMｃCaslins,anｄtheＳnopeseｓ.４1.TheSounｄandTheFｕryｄescriｂesthedｅcayanddｏwnｆallofaｎoldsｏuｔhｅrnaristｏｃraticfaｍiｌy,sｙmboｌｉzinｇｔheoldsoｃialorder，toldfrｏmfouｒdifferentｐｏiｎtsofview.４２.ThｅGｒapｅsofｗrａt(yī)hshowsauｔhor’ｓcleareｘｐｒｅsｓiｏｎｏfsympathｙｗithｔhｅdｉsposｓｅｓsedandｔheｗretｃhed.４3．Ｔｈelａstsｔanzaofthepoem“Sｔｏｐpiｎgbｙｔhewooｄsonasｎoｗynight”showsakiｎdofsad,sｅntimentalbuｔａｌｓostrongaｎdresponsiblｅfｅeling．Ｔheattｒactionofthebｅａutyoｆthenatuｒeｍakｅsthespeakerｓtopinthejｏｕrneｙ.Hefｉnaｌlyturnｓaｗayfroｍit,withａcerｔainwearinｅssａndyetwitｈquieｔdeｔerminａt(yī)ｉon,tｏfａｃethenｅedsoflife.Thisｓｔresｓesthｅcentrａlconflicｔofthｅpoembｅtｗeeｎman'ｓeｎjoymenｔofｎaｔure'sbeauｔｙａndhiｓｒｅspoｎsｉｂｉliｔyinｓoｃiｅｔy．Ｔｈiｓshowsａman＇sdeｓpａiｒingcｏｕｒａgeｔoｓeeｋｏutthｅmeaningoflife.44．Everytｈingseｅmsｔoｍｅetinｔhiｓonｅman－－“Jackofalltｒades”.HermaｎMeｌviｌletｈusdescribeｄFranklin“masterofeachandｍaｓterｅdｂｙnone”.４5.EdgａrAｌｌｅnPｏeｆormulａt(yī)ｅdtｈｅnewshｏrtｓtoryｉnthｅｄｅtectivｅandsciｅｎｃefictiｏnline,deｖelopedanimporｔaｎtａｒtｉsｔicthｅory,ａnｄlaidfoｕndatioｎfoｒanａlytｉｃａlcｒitｉcism．46.InMelvｉlle’sfiction,ｍanlｉｖeｓｉｎaworldｄividedintｏtwｏwａｒrｉnｇpａrts:goodａgainｓtｅｖil,GoｄagaiｎsｔSataｎ,tｈｅ“head”ａgainsttｈe“hｅart”．Thｅreisnowａyｔoｏveｒcomｅｔｈeoｐposites.Mｅlvillehaｓatragicｖiｅwoflｉfｅ：heseemsｔofeeｌtｈaｔｔheunｉveｒseitｓelfｉswｏｒkｉｎgａgａinsｔｈumanhappiｎessaｎdpeａceofmind.47.“Itisｂｅtterｔokeepｙｏurmoutｈshutａｎdａpｐｅarstupidtｈantoopｅnｉｔaｎdｒemovealldoubｔ.”ＴhesｅwordsarｅsａidbyＭａrkｔwain.48．SisterCarｒieｉsThｅｏdoreDrｅisｅr’sfiｒstｎovel.ＤrｅiserisalsofaｍousforhisTriloｇｙofDeｓire(TheFｉnancier,TheＴiｔan，andＴheStoic）,andAｎA(yù)mericaｎＴraｇｅdy,whichｉsconsidｅredtｏbehiｓbesｔ.4９.ＴheodoreDreiserｉsanAmｅｒicannovelistandjournaliｓt.Hｅpｉoneerｅdtｈｅｎａｔｕralistｓｃhooｌａndｉsｋｎownfｏrpｏｒｔrａyingcｈaracterswhoｓｅvaｌｕelｉeｓnｏtｉntｈeirmoraｌｃodｅ,bｕtｉnｔheirpersiｓteｎceagａｉｎstallobstａｃles.５０．InThｅScarlｅtＬｅtｔeｒ，Ｈawtｈornｅcoｎsiｄerstheeffｅctｏnａnｉndｉｖiduａｌ’scｈaracterｏfguilｔycｏｎscience，ｏfhypoｃｒisy,andofｈaｔred．51.Lyrｉcisaｐｏｅm,ｕsuallyasｈortoｎe，thaｔｅxpressｅsaspeａker‘ｓｐersｏnalthoｕghｔｓorｆeeｌinｇｓ.

5２."RipVanWiｎkｌe＂iｓnotｏnlywelｌ-kｎｏwnｆorRip's20-ｙearsleepｂｕtalsocｏnsidｅredａｍoｄelofpｅrfｅｃｔEｎｇｌiｓhｉnAｍeｒicａnLiterａt(yī)ureaｎｄinｔheEｎgｌｉsｈlａnguageaswell.ＷａｓhingtonIrvinｇhａsalwayｓbeｅnｒegardedasawrｉterｗho"ｐerfｅctedtheｂestｃlassｉcstyleｔhatAｍｅｒicaｎLiteraｔureeveｒprｏduｃed."Ｈehasacleａr,ｅａsystyｌe．53．Ｅmeｒson'sNatuｒeisemblematｉｃoｆthespiriｔualworld,alivｅwitｈＧod'ｓｏverwheｌmｉｎgpreｓence.ItmediatesbetweｅnmａnaｎdGod,andiｔsvｏiｃeｌｅaｄsｔｏhｉghｅrtruth;ｈenｃｅ,itexｅrciｓesahealthyａndrestoratiｖｅinf１ｕenｃeｏnhumaｎmiｎｄ."54．ＩnmaｎyofＨａwthorne'sｓtoriesａｎdnovels，thｅPuｒiｔanconcｅｐtｏflifeiscｏndeｍneｄ,ｏrthePuritanPastｉｓｓｈowniｎanａｌmostｔotaｌlyｎegatｉvｅliｇhｔ,esｐeciaｌｌyiｎｈiｓTheHouseOｆtheSevenGａｂlesanｄTheSｃarletLetter．55.Mｏby-Ｄickiｓｎｏｔmerelyawhalingtalｅｏｒsｅaadｖｅnture,itiｓaｌｓoasymbｏlｉcvoyageoftｈemiｎdｉnquｅstｏfｔhetｒutｈａndknowlｅｄｇeoftｈeuｎｉverｓe,ａspiritｕalexpｌｏrａｔionintomaｎ'sdeepｒｅaｌityandｐsycｈology.56.TheodorｅDreｉｓerｉｓnowrｅgardedaｓonｅofｔhepre-emiｎentAmｅriｃanｎovｅlｉstsoｆthｅfirsｔhalfｏfthetｗｅntietｈｃｅntｕrｙ,ａｎａnatｏｍiｓtｏfthe“Amｅｒｉcａndｒeam”.57.ＩtwaｓMarkTｗａinwhｏmａdｅcolloquiａlsｐeeｃhaｎaccｅpｔｅd,resｐecｔａblelｉｔerarymedｉuｍｉntｈeliteｒａrｙｈｉstoryofthｅcountｒy.Ｈiｓgreatｅstaｃhievｅmentｏｎliteratｕｒewａshｉsuｓｅoｆｔｈｅdiａｌectanｄｈiｓportrａyalｏｆｔhelocalｅ．５８．ＥdwinArlingtonRobiｎｓonisa“peoｐlｅpｏet”，ｗrｉtiｎgａlmostexcluｓｉvｅｌｙaboｕtｉndiviｄｕalｓoｒindivｉduａlrelationshipsｒathｅｒｔhａｎonmｏｒecommonthemesoftｈeninｅｔeenthceｎtuｒｙ.59.TheWastｅLandｉsｏfｔenrｅaｄasaｒeｐｒesentatiｏｎoftｈedisillusｉoｎmｅntoftheposｔ－waｒgenｅration.60.Fｉtzgerald’ｓwrｉｔiｎgsｔyleｉsknownforbeｉngcｌear,lyricａl，anｄwｉtty.61.Incｏnｔrasttｏtheｍinimalisｔ

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sｔorｉeｓｏfaｗidevａrｉeｔyofｃharａｃｔersiｎcludinｇformeｒｓｌavesｏrｄescendantsofslaveｓ,poorwhite,agrａｒian,oｒwoｒking－classSoｕｔhｅrnｅrs，andSouthernarisｔocrａｔs.62．Ｉｎ１96２,JohnStｅiｎbeｃkwasawaｒdｅdthｅＮobｅlPriｚeｆorLiｔerａt(yī)uｒｅ,witｈtheｈｏnoraryworｄs,foｒ“hｉsrｅaｌiｓｔicandiｍａginaｔiｖewrｉtings,ｄiｓtiｎguisｈedaｓthｅyａrebyaｓymｐatｈetｉchumorandasocｉａlperｃｅptiｏｎ.”63.ＡmerｉｃanＰuritanisｍ：ＰuｒitanismｉｓｔhｅｐｒacticesandbelｉefsoftｈePurｉtans.TheＰuritanswｅｒeorigiｎallｙmeｍbｅｒsofadivｉsionofｔheＰrotestａnｔChｕrch．ＴhｅｆｉrsｔsettlｅrsｗhoｂｅcaｍｅthefounｄiｎgfaｔheｒｓofthｅAmｅｒｉcanｎationwereｑｕitｅafewoｆtｈem.Thｅｙwｅreagrouｐｏfｓerioｕｓ,ｒeliｇiousｐeople，adｖocatinｇhｉghlyrｅligｉoｕsａnｄｍorａlpｒiｎciples.Asthｅwordiｔｓeｌfｈiｎts,Puｒitanswanｔedｔopuritｙｔｈｅｉrrelｉgｉousbeliefsandｐracｔices.Theyaccｅptｅdthｅdoctrineofｐｒｅdesｔｉｎａt(yī)ioｎ,origｉnalsｉnａndtotaldeｐravity,ａｎdｌimiteｄａt(yī)onementｔhroｕghaspeciaｌinfｕｓionofgrａceｆorｍGod.Asａｃｕlturehｅritage,PｕrｉtａｎismdｉdhavｅaｐrｏfoundinｆluｅnceｏntｈｅｅarlyAmerｉcanmｉnｄ.ＡｍericanＰuｒitａnｉsｍalsohａdaeｎdｕringinflｕｅncｅoｎA(yù)ｍeｒicａnliｔeraturｅ.?６4.

AmｅrｉcanRealiｓm:InAmericanｌiｔeraｔurｅ,thｅCiｖilWarbｒｏughｔthｅＲｏmanticPｅriｏdｔoanend.TheAgｅofReａｌismｃaｍeintｏexｉｓtｅnce.Ｉtcameasareaｃtiｏnａｇainsｔthｅlｉeofrｏmanｔiciｓmandsenｔｉmentａliｓm．Realismturnedfｒomaｎemphasisonthesｔrangｅtowａrｄａｆaithｆulrenderｉngｏｆtｈeorｄｉｎarｙ,asｌｉcｅoflifeasitｉsreallylived.Ｉｔｅxｐreｓsｅsｔheconcｅrnｆｏrcommｏnplaceaｎｄtheloｗ,ａnｄｉｔoffｅrsaｎｏbjectiveratherthａnanidealｉsticviewoｆｈｕmａｎnatｕｒeanｄhuｍaneｘｐeriｅｎｃe.?65．

AmericａnRoｍantiｃism:TheRomanｔｉcPerｉodcoverstｈefｉrsthａlfofthe19tｈcentury.Arising二、閱讀并賞析以下詩人的詩歌(課本上的）：ＥｍiｌyDｉcｋinsoｎEｚraｐｏundEｄgｅｒＡllaｎPｏeRoｂｅrtFｒoｓｔ三、閱讀并賞析以下作家的作品(課本上的）:NatｈaｎieｌHａwthoｒnｅJaｍesＦennimoreCｏｏｐｅr附:美國文學(xué)作家作品匯總

1、ＢeｎjａmｉnFraｎkliｎ本杰明·富蘭克林1706－1７90AModestInquiｒyintｏtheNatureａnｄNeceｓsiｔyofａＰapｅrMoney;PｏｏrRｉｃhａｒｄ’sAlmanaｃk窮查理歷書；TｈeＷａytoWealｔh致富之道；TheAuｔobiogrａphｙ自傳?

２、ThoｍａsPaine托馬斯·潘恩1737-１８０９TheCａsｅｏftheＯfficｅrsｏfExcisｅ稅務(wù)員問題；CommｏnSense常識;AｍeｒicaｎCrisiｓ美國危機(jī)；RigｈtsofMａn人的權(quán)利:ＤownfallｏfDｅsｐｏtism專制體制的崩潰；TheAgｅofReason理性時代

３、PｈｉｌipFrｅneａu菲利普·弗倫諾1752-１８３2ＴheRiｓingGloｒyoｆＡmeｒｉca蒸蒸日上的美洲；TｈｅBriｔiｓhＰrisonShｉp英國囚船;TotheMｅmoryｏftｈeBrａveＡmeriｃans紀(jì)念美國勇士-－同類詩中最佳;TheＷiｌdHoｎeysucｋle野生的金銀花;ThｅIndｉanBurｙｉngGrｏund印第安人殯葬地?

４、ＷaｓhｉngtonＩrｖing華盛頓·歐文17８3－18５9AHｉstoryofＮewＹoｒk紐約的歷史－-美國人寫的第一部詼諧文學(xué)杰作；ＴｈeSkｅtchBook見聞札記TheLegenｄofSｌeeｐyＨoｌｌｏw睡谷的傳說－使之成為美國第一個獲得國際聲譽(yù)的作家；BrａceｂridgeHaｌl布雷斯布里奇田莊；TaｌksoｆＴｒaｖelｌerｓ旅客談;ＴhｅAlhamｂrａ阿爾罕伯拉

?５、ＪameｓFeｎｉｍoreCooper詹姆斯·費(fèi)尼莫爾·庫珀１789－1851TheSpy間諜;ThePiｌｏt領(lǐng)航者；ＴheＬiｔｔｌepageＭａnusｃｒiｐts利特佩奇的手稿;LｅatｈerstockingTales皮裹腿故事集:ThePｉoｎeer拓荒者；TheLasｔｏfＭohicans最后的莫希干人;TｈePrairie大草原;TｈePaｔhfinｄer探路者;ＴheDｅerｓlayｅr殺鹿者??6、ＷiｌliamCuｌｌenBryaｎｔ威廉·柯倫·布萊恩特１７94－1８78TｈｅＰoｅｍs1８２1／１９32詩選:ＴｏaWaterfowl致水鳥-－英語中最完美的短詩;Tｈanａt(yī)opsis死亡隨想-－-受墓園派影響；TheWｈitｅfｏotedＤeeｒ白蹄鹿;ＡForesｔHｙmn森林賦;TheＦloodofYeaｒs似水流年

7、EdgarAｌｌanPoe埃德加·愛倫·坡18０９-1849(以詩為詩；永為世人共賞的偉大抒情詩人－－葉芝)TａlesoｆtheGrｏｔesqueandAｒabesｑue怪誕奇異故事集;Taｌeｓ故事集;TｈｅFallｏftｈｅHｏuｓeoｆＵsher厄舍古屋的倒塌;Ligeia萊琪兒；AnｎabelLee安娜貝爾·李-－-－-歌特風(fēng)格;首開近代偵探小說先河，又是法國象征主義運(yùn)動的源頭ＴamerlaｎｅaｎdOtｈerＰoｅms帖木兒和其他詩；AlAraaｆ,TamｅrlaneandMinoｒPoemｓ艾爾·阿拉夫,帖木兒和其他詩；TheＲavｅnaｎdOtherPｏemｓ烏鴉及其他詩:ＴheＲaven烏鴉;ThｅＣiｔyinｔheSea海城;Israfｅl伊斯拉菲爾;ToHeｌlen致海倫??8、RalfＷaldoEｍerｓon拉爾夫·沃爾多·愛默生1803-１882Eｓsaｙs散文集：Nａt(yī)ｕre論自然新英格蘭超驗主義者的宣言書;ThｅAmeｒｉcanSchｏｌar論美國學(xué)者;Dｉvinity;TheOｖersoul論超靈;Ｓeｌf-rｅliａnce論自立;TheTrａｎscｅndeｎｔａｌist超驗主義者;RepresentativｅMen代表人物;EnglishTraits英國人的特性;SchooｌAｄdrｅss神學(xué)院演說ＣoｎcorｄHymn康考德頌;ＴheRhodo杜鵑花;ThｅHumblｅBｅe野蜂；Dａｙs日子-首開自由詩之先河

9.Nａt(yī)hａnｉｅｌHａwthornｅ納撒尼爾·霍桑１804－1864Twice－tｏｌdTａles盡人皆知的故事；ＭoｓseｓfromanOｌdMansｅ古屋青苔:YｏunｇGｏｏdmanBrowｎ年輕的古德曼·布朗;TheScaｒletLｅｔter紅字；ThｅＨouseｏftheSｅvｅnGabｌes有七個尖角閣的房子－心理若們羅曼史;ＴhｅBｌitｈedaleＲomanｃe福谷傳奇；TheMaｒbleFaun玉石雕像?

10、ＨeｎryＤavidThｒeau亨利·大衛(wèi)·梭羅18１7－18６2Ｗaｄｄeｎ,oｒＬiｆeiｎtheＷo(hù)ｏｄｓ華騰湖或林中生活;ＲｅsistancｅtｏCiｖilGovｅrnmeｎｔ／CiｖilDｉsｏbedienｃe抵制公民政府;AWeekontheCｏncordaｎdMerrimａckＲivers??

１１、WaltWhitman沃爾特·惠特曼1８19-１8９２LeａvesofGrasｓ草葉集:SonｇｏfｔheBｒoad-Axe闊斧之歌;ＩhearAｍｅricaSiｎginｇ我聽見美洲在歌唱；WｈenLilaｃsLｏstintheDｏoryaｒdＢｌｏom’d小院丁香花開時；ＤｅmｏcraticVistas民主的前景；TheＴrampanｄＳtｒｉｋeQuesｔion流浪漢和罷工問題;ＳｏｎgofMyself自我之歌??12、HerｍaｎMｅlvilｌe赫爾曼·梅爾維爾181９-1８91MoｂyDiｃk/TheＷhｉtｅWhａle莫比·迪克/白鯨;Ｔypeｅ泰比;Omoo奧穆;Mａｒｄi瑪?shù)?Redbｕrn雷得本;WhiteＪacket白外衣;Ｐierre皮爾埃;Ｐｉazza廣場故事;ＢiｌlyBudd比利·巴德?

1３、ＨenryWadswoｒｔhLongｆｅllｏw亨利·沃茲沃思·朗費(fèi)羅1807-1882ＴheSongofＨiawatｈa海華沙之歌--－-美國人寫的第一部印第安人史詩；VoicｅsofthｅＮigｈt夜吟;ＢallａdｓａndOtherPｏens民謠及其他詩;BelfryｏfBrugesaｎdＯtherPoems布魯茨的鐘樓及其他詩;TalesｏfaWaysideInn路邊客棧的故事－--詩集:AｎA(yù)pｒilＤay四月的一天／APsalmｏｆLiｆe人生禮物/PaｕlＲevere’sＲide保羅·里維爾的夜奔;Ｅvanｇelinｅ伊凡吉琳;TheCoｕｒtshipofＭiｌesＳtandish邁爾斯·斯坦迪什的求婚--－-敘事長詩；PoemsonSlavery奴役篇反蓄奴組詩?

14、EmilyDickｉnｓoｎ埃米莉·迪金森18３0-１886ThePoemsｏfEmilyＤicｈeｎsoｎ埃米莉·迪金森詩集－－－－-“Telｌallthｅtrｕtｈａndｔelｌitｓlaｎt”迂回曲折的，玄學(xué)的

?１5、MarkTwaｉn馬克·吐溫(SamuｅlLｏｎghornｅClemeｎs）美國文學(xué)的一大里程碑ＴheＣelebraｔedJｕmｐiｎｇFrｏgofCａlavｅrａsCounty加拉維拉縣有名的跳蛙；ThｅInnｏｃent’sAbroaｄ傻瓜出國記;ThｅＧiｌｄeｄＡge鍍金時代;TｈeAdvｅｎｔurｅsofTomSawyｅr湯姆·索耶歷險記;ＴhｅPｒinceandtｈePauper王子與貧兒;TheAdvｅｎtureｓofＨucklebeｒryFinn哈克貝利·費(fèi)恩歷險記；AＣonnecticuｔYａnｋeｅinKiｎgＡｒｔｈur’sCourt亞瑟王宮中的美國佬;ＴｈeＴragｅdｙofPudd’ｎｈeadWiｌson傻瓜威爾遜;ＰersｏnaｌReｃollectｉonsofJoaｎoｆAｒc冉·達(dá)克；TheManTｈatＣｏｒｒupｔedHaｄlｅybｕrg敗壞哈德萊堡的人HｏwtoTｅｌlａStorｙ如何講故事對美國初期風(fēng)趣文學(xué)的總結(jié)??16、HeｎｒyJaｍeｓ享利·詹姆斯1843-１916小說：DａisyMｉlleｒ苔瑟·米樂;ThｅPortraitｏfaLａdy貴婦人畫像;TheBoｓｔｏnｉans波士頓人；ＴhｅReaｌThｉnganｄOtｈerＴaleｓ真貨色及其他故事；ThｅWｉngsｏｆｔhｅDove鴿翼；TheAmｂａssadｏrs大使；ＴheGｏldeｎBowl金碗評論集:FreｎｃhPｏetsaｎdNｏveｌiｓts法國詩人和小說家；Hawthｏrｎe霍桑；PａｒtialPortｒaitｓ不完全的畫像;NｏtｅｓandReviews札記與評論；ArtｏfFｉctｉonａndOｔherEssａｙs小說藝術(shù)??17、O·Ｈeｎry歐·享利（WｉlliaｍSｉdｎeyPｏrter)1８62-1９10TheMａｎHigherUp黃雀在后;SiｘeｓandSevｅns七上八下??1８、EdwｉｎA(yù)rｌingtonRobinson魯賓遜18６9-1９35CaｐtaｉnＣraiｇ克雷格上尉－--詩體小說；ThｅTｏwｎDowntheRｉver河上的城鄉(xiāng);ThｅManAｇａinsｔtheＳｋｙ烘托著天空的人;Avoｎ’sHaｒｖｅｓｔ沃馮的收成;CｏllectｅdＰoems詩集?

１9、TｈeodorｅＤｒｅiseｒ西奧多·德萊塞18７1-１945SisｔｅｒCａrrie嘉莉姐妹;JennieＧerhardt珍妮姑娘；TｒｉlogｙofDeｓire欲望三部曲(Fｉnancer金融家,TheTitan巨人,TｈeSｔｏic);ＡnAmericanTragedｙ美國的悲劇(被稱為美國最偉大的小說）；NiggerJeff黑人杰弗

?20、ＪackLｏｎdon杰克·倫敦1876-１9１６ＴheSonｏfthｅWoｌf狼之子，TheＣａlloｆｔｈeＷｉld野性的呼喚;TheＳeａ-woｌf海狼;WｈｉｔeFａnｇ白獠牙;ThｅＰeoplｅｏｆｔｈeAbｙss深淵中的人們;TheIrｏnHeel鐵蹄；MaｒtiEｄｅn馬丁·伊登;HowIbecoｍeaＳｏｃiaｌiｓｔ我如何成為社會黨人;ThｅWarofthｅClasｓes階級之間的戰(zhàn)爭；WｈatLifeMｅａnstoMe生命對我意味著什么；Ｒevoｌution革命;LovｅofＬife熱愛生命;ＴheMexican墨西哥人;ＵndertheＤｅckAwiｎｇs在甲板的天蓬下

２1、GertrudeSteｉｎ格特魯?shù)隆に固挂?８74-19４6ＴheＡutobiｏｇrapｈyofAlicｅBＴoklaｓ愛麗絲·托克拉斯的自傳；TenderＢutton溫柔的鈕扣

23、RobｅrtFrost羅伯特·弗羅斯特1８7４-1963ABoy’sＷiｓh少年心愿;ＮortｈofBoｓｔon波士頓之北(MendingWall修墻,AfｔerＡppｌe－pickinｇ摘蘋果之后）;MountaiｎI(lǐng)nteｒｖal山間（成熟階段）(TheRoadNotｔaｋen沒有選擇的道路);Ｗｅsｔ-runninｇBｒｏok西流的溪澗;AFurtherRange又一片牧場;ＡWitｎeｓsTree一株作證的樹

??23、ＣaｒｌＳandburｇ卡爾·桑德堡1878-1967AlｗaystｈeYoungSｔrａngｅr永遠(yuǎn)是陌生的年輕人ｓ;InReｃklessEcｓtasy肆無忌憚的狂熱;TｈePraiｒieYeａrs草原的年代一、二;ＴheＷａrYears戰(zhàn)爭的年代（林肯傳記);ThｅＡmｅriｃanSoｎgbａg美國歌袋;ＴｈePeoｐle,Ｙｅs人民，好;HoneyandＳalｔ蜜與鹽;Ｃorn-hｕskerｓ輾米機(jī)(Fｏg霧）；SmｏｋeａndＳteel煙與鋼??2４、WａlｌaceSｔevenｓ華萊士·史蒂文斯１879－