標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀
《GB/T 4092-2008 信息技術(shù) 程序設(shè)計(jì)語言COBOL》與《GB/T 4092-1992》相比,在多個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了更新和完善,以適應(yīng)技術(shù)發(fā)展和國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的變化。主要變化包括:
- 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)內(nèi)容上,《GB/T 4092-2008》更加全面地覆蓋了COBOL語言的最新特性,反映了自1992年以來該領(lǐng)域內(nèi)發(fā)生的重大進(jìn)展。
- 對(duì)于數(shù)據(jù)類型的支持有所擴(kuò)展,增加了對(duì)更多現(xiàn)代數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)的支持,比如XML處理能力,這使得使用COBOL開發(fā)的應(yīng)用程序能夠更好地與當(dāng)前的信息技術(shù)環(huán)境相集成。
- 在編程規(guī)范和語法規(guī)則方面也進(jìn)行了調(diào)整,引入了一些新的語法元素,并且優(yōu)化了某些已有功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,旨在提高代碼的可讀性和維護(hù)性。
- 為了促進(jìn)跨平臺(tái)兼容性,《GB/T 4092-2008》還強(qiáng)調(diào)了對(duì)于不同操作系統(tǒng)之間移植性的考慮,這對(duì)于希望利用COBOL進(jìn)行大規(guī)模企業(yè)級(jí)應(yīng)用開發(fā)的企業(yè)來說尤為重要。
- 另外,新版標(biāo)準(zhǔn)加強(qiáng)了錯(cuò)誤處理機(jī)制,通過提供更詳細(xì)的異常報(bào)告來幫助開發(fā)者更快地定位并解決問題。
- 最后,《GB/T 4092-2008》中包含了更多關(guān)于性能優(yōu)化的最佳實(shí)踐指南,鼓勵(lì)采用高效算法和技術(shù)以提升應(yīng)用程序的整體執(zhí)行效率。
這些改變體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在保持與國(guó)際接軌的同時(shí),也在努力滿足國(guó)內(nèi)用戶的具體需求。
如需獲取更多詳盡信息,請(qǐng)直接參考下方經(jīng)官方授權(quán)發(fā)布的權(quán)威標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔。
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- 2008-07-28 頒布
- 2009-01-01 實(shí)施
文檔簡(jiǎn)介
犐犆犛35.060
犔74
中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
犌犅/犜4092—2008
代替GB/T4092—1992
信息技術(shù)
程序設(shè)計(jì)語言犆犗犅犗犔
犐狀犳狅狉犿犪狋犻狅狀狋犲犮犺狀狅犾狅犵狔—犘狉狅犵狉犪犿犿犻狀犵犾犪狀犵狌犪犵犲狊—犆犗犅犗犔
(ISO/IEC1989:2002,NEQ)
20080728發(fā)布20090101實(shí)施
中華人民共和國(guó)國(guó)家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局
發(fā)布
中國(guó)國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)
書
犌犅/犜4092—2008
目次
前言!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Ⅶ
1范圍!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
2規(guī)范性引用文件!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
3對(duì)本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的符合性!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
3.1符合性實(shí)現(xiàn)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
3.2符合的編譯組!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4
3.3符合的運(yùn)行單元!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4
3.4符合編譯組與符合實(shí)現(xiàn)的關(guān)系!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4
3.5符合運(yùn)行單元與符合實(shí)現(xiàn)的關(guān)系!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4
4術(shù)語和定義!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4
5描述技術(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!19
5.1一般格式!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!19
5.2規(guī)則!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!21
5.3算術(shù)表達(dá)式!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!21
5.4整數(shù)操作數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!21
5.5非形式化描述!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!22
5.6正文中的連字號(hào)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!22
5.7條款表述的助動(dòng)詞形式!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!22
6基準(zhǔn)格式!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!23
6.1指示符!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!23
6.2固定形式的基準(zhǔn)格式!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!24
6.3自由形式的基準(zhǔn)格式!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!26
6.4邏輯轉(zhuǎn)換!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!27
7編譯指示設(shè)施!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!28
7.1正文處理!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!28
7.2編譯指令!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!33
8語言基礎(chǔ)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!43
8.1字符集!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!43
8.2本地環(huán)境!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!46
8.3詞匯元素!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!47
8.4引用!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!53
8.5數(shù)據(jù)描述和表示!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!68
8.6數(shù)據(jù)的作用域和生命周期!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!74
8.7運(yùn)算符!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!77
8.8表達(dá)式!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!78
8.9保留字!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!91
8.10上下文有關(guān)字!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!93
8.11內(nèi)部函數(shù)名稱!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!95
Ⅰ
書
犌犅/犜4092—2008
8.12編譯指令字!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!96
8.13外部倉(cāng)庫!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!96
9輸入輸出、對(duì)象和用戶定義函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!97
9.1文件!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!97
9.2屏幕!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!106
9.3對(duì)象!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!108
9.4用戶定義函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!113
10結(jié)構(gòu)編譯組!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!113
10.1編譯單元和運(yùn)行時(shí)模塊!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!113
10.2源單元!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!114
10.3包含的源單元!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!114
10.4源元素和運(yùn)行時(shí)元素!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!114
10.5COBOL編譯組!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!115
10.6結(jié)束標(biāo)志!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!117
11標(biāo)識(shí)部!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!118
11.1標(biāo)識(shí)部結(jié)構(gòu)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!118
11.2CLASSID段!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!119
11.3FACTORY段!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!120
11.4FUNCTIONID段!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!120
11.5INTERFACEID段!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!120
11.6METHODID段!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!121
11.7OBJECT段!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!122
11.8OPTIONS段!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!122
11.9PROGRAMID段!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!123
12環(huán)境部!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!124
12.1環(huán)境部的結(jié)構(gòu)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!124
12.2配置節(jié)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!124
12.3輸入輸出節(jié)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!131
13數(shù)據(jù)部!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!141
13.1數(shù)據(jù)部的結(jié)構(gòu)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!142
13.2顯式和隱式屬性!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!142
13.3文件節(jié)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!142
13.4工作存儲(chǔ)節(jié)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!145
13.5局部存儲(chǔ)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!145
13.6連接節(jié)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!146
13.7報(bào)表節(jié)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!147
13.8屏幕節(jié)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!148
13.9常量款!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!148
13.10記錄描述款!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!149
13.1177層數(shù)據(jù)款!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!149
13.12報(bào)表描述款!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!149
13.13報(bào)表欄描述款!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!150
13.14數(shù)據(jù)描述款!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!152
Ⅱ
犌犅/犜4092—2008
13.15屏幕描述款!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!155
13.16數(shù)據(jù)部子句!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!158
14過程部!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!208
14.1過程部結(jié)構(gòu)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!208
14.2聲明!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!211
14.3過程!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!211
14.4過程語句和句子!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!211
14.5執(zhí)行!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!214
14.6語句的公共短語和特征!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!225
14.7參數(shù)和返回項(xiàng)的符合性!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!228
14.8語句!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!232
15內(nèi)部函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!293
15.1函數(shù)類型!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!293
15.2函數(shù)變?cè)?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!293
15.3返回值!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!294
15.4日期轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!295
15.5函數(shù)歸納!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!295
15.6ABS函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!300
15.7ACOS函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!300
15.8ANNUITY函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!300
15.9ASIN函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!301
15.10ATAN函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!301
15.11BOOLEANOFINTEGER函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!301
15.12BYTELENGTH函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!301
15.13CHAR函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!302
15.14CHARNATIONAL函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!302
15.15COS函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!303
15.16CURRENTDATE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!303
15.17DATEOFINTEGER函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!304
15.18DATETOYYYYMMDD函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!304
15.19DAYOFINTEGER函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!304
15.20DAYTOYYYDDD函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!305
15.21DISPLAYOF函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!305
15.22E函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!306
15.23EXCEPTIONFILE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!306
15.24EXCEPTIONFILEN函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!306
15.25EXCEPTIONLOCATION函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!307
15.26EXCEPTIONLOCATIONN函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!307
15.27EXCEPTIONSTATEMENT函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!308
15.28EXCEPTIONSTATUS函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!308
15.29EXP函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!308
15.30EXP10函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!308
15.31FACTORIAL函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!309
Ⅲ
犌犅/犜4092—2008
15.32FRACTIONPART函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!309
15.33HIGHESTALGEBRAIC函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!309
15.34INTEGER函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!310
15.35INTEGEROFBOOLEAN函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!310
15.36INTEGEROFDATE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!310
15.37INTEGEROFDAY函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!311
15.38INTEGERPART函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!311
15.39LENGTH函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!312
15.40LOCALECOMPARE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!312
15.41LOCALEDATE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!313
15.42LOCALETIME函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!313
15.43LOG函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!314
15.44LOG10函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!314
15.45LOWERCASE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!314
15.46LOWESTALGEBRAIC函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!315
15.47MAX函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!315
15.48MEAN函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!316
15.49MEDIAN函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!316
15.50MIDRANGE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!316
15.51MIN函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!317
15.52MOD函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!317
15.53NATIONALOF函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!318
15.54NUMVAL函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!318
15.55NUMVALC函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!319
15.56NUMVALF函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!320
15.57ORD函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!321
15.58ORDMAX函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!321
15.59ORDMIN函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!321
15.60PI函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!322
15.61PRESENTVALUE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!322
15.62RANDOM函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!322
15.63RANGE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!322
15.64REM函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!323
15.65REVERSE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!323
15.66SIGN函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!323
15.67SIN函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!324
15.68SQRT函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!324
15.69STANDARDCOMPARE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!324
15.70STANDARDDEVIATION函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!325
15.71SUM函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!325
15.72TAN函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!326
15.73TESTDATEYYYYMMDD函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!326
15.74TESTDAYYYYYDDD函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!326
Ⅳ
犌犅/犜4092—2008
15.75TESTNUMVAL函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!327
15.76TESTNUMVALC函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!327
15.77TESTNUMVALF函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!328
15.78UPPERCASE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!328
15.79VARIANCE函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!329
15.80WHENCOMPILED函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!329
15.81YEARTOYYYY函數(shù)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!330
16標(biāo)準(zhǔn)類!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!330
16.1BASE類!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!331
Ⅴ
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