新視野第一冊第八單元課文講解

Directions:

Watchthevideoand

thendiscussthetopic

asfollows:Isgeniustheresultofnurtureortheresultofnature?keyI.Pre-readingActivities:Listen,Look&SayVideowatchingBack返回keyPathofthinking:DoyouagreewithEdison’ssaying“Geniusisonepercentinspirationand99percentperspiration”?Giveyourreasonsorexamples.Summary:Frommyangleofview,geniusistheresultofnurtureaswellasnature,withmorestressputontheformer,justasthesayingcoinedbyEdisongoes,“Geniusisonepercentinspirationand99percentperspiration.”Taketheinventionofbulbforexample.Thebigproblemwithitwasthefilamentgotburnedbecauseoftremendousheat.Edisonhaddonethousandsofexperimentsbeforehefinallyturnedoutabulbthatwouldglowforthreedays.Sothevideohasbornoutthetruththateveryinventionglowswithitsinventor’sgreateffortsaswellashiscreativity.>>>moreFromthevideo,therefore,wecanconcludethatanybrightideainyourmindhasalongwaytocoverbeforeitcanproveyourcreativity.Asisknowntoall,thelawofgravitywasatypicalproductofNewton’ssleeplikerelaxationunderanappletree.Butitwasthecountlessexperimentshemadelaterthatprovedittobetrueforthegravitationalforcebetweenanytwoobjectsintheuniverse.Ontheotherhand,anybrightideaaboutsomethingoccurstoyouonlywhenyouhavemadeasystematicstudyofit.Toachievethis,youneedtoworkhard,too.返回課文分析NewWords&Expressions課文閱讀隨筆Back小結(jié)預習寫作導入NHCEsatisfactorya.令人滿意的flashvi.1.突然產(chǎn)生2.飛馳,掠過particularlyad.特別是;特別地glowvi.發(fā)光creationn.1.[U]創(chuàng)造2.[C]作品mysteryn.[C]謎;神秘的事物reasonablea.合理的;適當?shù)膒sychologyn.[U]心理學psychologistn.[C]心理學家processn.[C]過程;進程NewWords&Expressions課文分析課文閱讀隨筆Back小結(jié)預習寫作導入NHCEpersonalityn.1.[C]名人2.[C,U]性格intensifyv.

(使)增強,(使)加強

geniusn.1.[C]天才2.[U]天賦philosophyn.[U]哲學invention

n.1.[U]發(fā)明2.[C]發(fā)明物logicn.[U]邏輯推理signaln.[C]信號,暗號dramatica.1.引人注目的2.戲劇的composev./vt.創(chuàng)作/由···組成occupyvt.1.使忙于2.占用(時間,空間)NewWords&Expressions課文分析課文閱讀隨筆Back小結(jié)預習寫作導入NHCEflingvt.

1.突然地移動2.猛扔;拋couchn.[C]長沙發(fā)miraclen.[C]奇跡mighty

a.強大的,巨大的orchestra

n.

[C]管弦樂隊orchestral

a.管弦樂的;管弦樂隊的contrastn.[C,U]對照;差異combinev.

(使)結(jié)合;(使)聯(lián)合combinationn.[C,U]結(jié)合,合并;組合物surgevi.洶涌;涌現(xiàn)mathematiciann.[C]數(shù)學家NewWords&Expressions課文分析課文閱讀隨筆Back小結(jié)預習寫作導入NHCEstable

a.穩(wěn)定的existence

n.[U]存在observe

vt.觀察;注意到

explosion

n.[C]1.爆發(fā);爆炸2.激增exemplifyvt.舉例說明certainty

n.[U]確定;確定性,必然性enthusiasm

n.[U]熱情;積極性representative

a.典型的,有代表性的count

v.記數(shù),點數(shù)目countless

a.無數(shù)的,不計其數(shù)的NewWords&Expressions課文分析課文閱讀隨筆Back小結(jié)預習寫作導入NHCEsourcen.[C]源泉,來源instinctive

a.

(出于)本能的

responsiblea.

1.是···的原因2.有責任的disorganizevt.

使混亂,打亂disorganizeda.雜亂無章的;無計劃的elementn.[C]元素;成分sleeponsth.

暫時不作決定

agiftfromthegods

天賜;走運的機會

dependon

依靠,依賴writedown

寫下來NewWords&Expressions課文分析課文閱讀隨筆Back小結(jié)預習寫作導入NHCEbeoccupiedwith

忙于做,專心于seekfor

尋找asthough

好像takeshape

成形putinto

(以···方式)表達atwork

在起作用arriveat

達成(協(xié)議),得出(結(jié)論)searchfor

搜索,尋找fillsb.withsth.

使充滿(感情)

RichardWagner

理查德·瓦格納(作曲家)

NewWords&Expressions課文分析課文閱讀隨筆Back小結(jié)預習寫作導入NHCERhinegold《萊茵河的黃金》Spezia斯佩齊亞(意大利的港市)HenriPoincare

亨利·龐加萊(法國數(shù)學家)

Fuchsianfunctions富克斯函數(shù)Descartes

笛卡爾(法國數(shù)學家)1.flashv.

①(ofanidea)comesuddenlyI.WordUsinge.g.

Agoodideaflashedintohermind.WordsandExpressions—WordUsing②tomoveveryfast;topasssuddenlyThecarflashedbysoquicklythatIcould

ensifyv.

tomakeorbecomestronger同根詞intensityn.

laborintensityaminorearthquakewithamaximumintensityofthree最大強度為三度的輕微地震勞動強度ensivecareintensivetraining

重病特別護理強化訓練WordsandExpressions—WordUsingWordsandExpressions—WordUsing3.dramatica.

veryobvious,sudden,exciting,ornotexpectede.g.Yourlifewillhaveadramaticchangewhenyouhaveababy.Tposev.

tocreateorproduceDuringhislife,Beethovenmainlycomposed9symphonies,32pianosonatasand17stringquartets.e.g.Couldyounamesomeof

Beethoven’scompositions?UseItWordsandExpressions—WordUsingTipsTipsWordsandExpressions—WordUsingSymphony9WordsandExpressions—WordUsingWordsandExpressions—WordUsing5.contrastn.anobviousdifferencebetweentwoormorethingse.g.Thecontrastbetweenthisyear’shighprofitsandlastyear’sbiglossesisreallyquitestriking.Translation黑色家具與白色墻壁形成很有意思的對比。KeyTheblackfurnishingsprovideaninterestingcontrasttothewhitewalls.WordsandExpressions—WordUsing5.contrastv.toshowadifferencewhencomparede.g.Ifyoucontrastsomeoftheearlywritingwithherlaterworkyoucanseejusthowmuchsheimproved.Phrasesin/bycontrastincontrastwith/toWordsandExpressions—WordUsing6.stablea.notlikelytomoveorchangee.g.Shewassaidtobeinastableconditionfollowingthehearttransplantoperation.同根詞stabilitystabilizee.g.Hesufferedasecondheartattacktwodaysagobuthisconditionhasnowstabilized.7.observev.

Whatdoes“observe”meaninthefollowingsentences?Theroleofscientistsistoobserveanddescribetheworld,nottocontrolit.2.Didyou

observe

anythingstrangeinthat

student’sbehavior?3.Alltheserulesmustbestrictlyobserved.4.InAustralia,peopleobserveChristmasDay

insummer.WordsandExpressions—WordUsing

8.explosionn.

asuddenburstingoutTheexplosionwasofsuchintensitythatitwasheardfivemilesaway.explorationexpansionexpectationexpense近形詞

WordsandExpressions—WordUsingPractice

e.g.Amini-testIn1492,Columbussetoutonthevoyageof____whichledtohisdiscoveryoftheNewWorld.A)explorationB)expansionC)expectationD)expenseWordsandExpressions—WordUsing2.Consideringtheproblemshe’shadtherecanbelittle____ofhimwinningtherace.A)explorationB)expansionC)expectationD)expense9.representativea.

beinglikeorcommontoothersofthesameclasse.g.WordsandExpressions—WordUsingIngeneral,anythingrepresentativeofa

nation’sglorioushistory,herbraveand

creativespirit,orheruniqueinsightsintotheworldisvaluedasthesymbolofherculture.Areyouropinionsrepresentativeofthoseofotherstudents?代表者，代理人；代表物，典型；(美）眾議員9.representativen.Thefirmhastworepresentatives

ineveryEuropeancity.e.g.同根詞

representWordsandExpressions—WordUsing9.representv.tobeasignorsymbolofsth.長城代表著我國古代人民的勤勞和智慧。TranslationTheGreatWallrepresentsthehard-workingspiritandwisdomofancientChinesepeople.KeyWordsandExpressions—WordUsingStructureSurveyReadthroughthetext,andfillintheblankswiththemissinginformation.I.UnderstandingIntextA,theauthorarguesthatinspirationscomefromtheunconscious.Tomakehisargumentconvincing,hecitedseveralexamples.TextStudy—UnderstandingPartOne(Paras.1–3):IntroductionAccordingtotheauthor,goodideascomefrom__________________,a______________termusedtodescribe________________thatremainunknowntotheindividual.Manygreatcreativepersonalitiesindifferentfieldexperienced___________________________inanintensifiedform.theunconsciouspsychologicalmentalprocessesthesuddenarrivalofanewideaTextStudy—UnderstandingSubject:________________________________Example1Example2Example3RichardWagnerHenriPoincareDescartesInspirationscomefromtheunconscious.1.StructureAnalysisofPartTwo(Paras.4–6)

Example1RichardWagner,thegreatGerman_________,

hadbeenoccupiedwiththeideaofcomposing

theopeningto“Rhinegold”forseveralyears.

composerTextStudy—UnderstandingWhenatlasttheorchestralopening,forwhichhis____________mindhadbeenseekingforsolong,tookshapewithinhim,his_________mindatthemomentofcreationknew________oftheactualprocessbywhichthesolutionwasfound.Anewideamay______intotheconsciousmind.unconsciousconsciousnothingflashTextStudy—UnderstandingExample2ThediscoveryofFuchsianFunctionsby

HenriPoincareshowsthatthe_________

mindmay_______the___________mindatwork.consciousobserve

unconsciousTextStudy—UnderstandingExample3Itwas_________thatDescartes,thefamousFrenchphilosopher,discoveredthekeypointinhis__________—cogitoergosum,whichmeans___________________inEnglish.inadreamphilosophyIthink;therefore,IexistTextStudy—UnderstandingPartThree(Para.7):ConclusionTheunconsciousisthe________oftheinstinctivethinkinganditis__________fornew_________concepts.sourceresponsibleorganizedTextStudy—Understanding2.Thewaytodevelopparagraphs:

contrastUsingcomparisonorcontrastisacommonwayinwritingparagraphs.Thephraseslike“asacontrast”,“by/incontrast”,“by/incomparison”,“onthecontrary”,“while”,“however”,“nevertheless”or“unlike”areoftenusedtomaketheparagraphscoherentandsmooth.TextStudy—StructureAnalysisAnalyzehowcontrastisusedbytheauthortodescribetheformingofWagner’sandHenriPoincar’sbrightideas.TextStudy—StructureAnalysisPara.4Para.5Thesubject:Thesubject:AstoryaboutRichardWagner,acomposer.AstoryaboutHenriPoincareasacontrasttothatof

Wagner.TextStudy—StructureAnalysisPara.4TextStudy—StructureAnalysisTheprocessofformingbigideas:Theprocessofformingbigideas:Para.5…couldnotsleep……atlastthemiraclehappened……buthearrivedatnoresult……contrarytohis……manyideas…Para.4Para.5Theresult:Theresult:Theconsciousmindknewnothingoftheactualprocessesbywhichthesolutionwasfound.Theconsciousmindobservedthenewcombinationsbeingformedintheunconscious.TextStudy—StructureAnalysisOfcourse,

all

ideas

don’t

occurlikethatbutsomanydo,particularlythemostimportantones.(L5)Note部分否定:代詞all與not搭配使用時,表示部分否定,意為“并非都是,不是每個都是”等。(examples)1.33334441當然，并非所有的思想都是這樣產(chǎn)生的，但許多思想的產(chǎn)生確實如此，尤其是那些最為重要的思想。

Allisnotgoldthatglitters.Allthatglittersisnotgold.發(fā)光的并非都是金子。②

Opportunitiescometoall,butallarenot

readyforthemwhentheycome.機會是均等的，人人都有，但不見得在機會到來時人人都能準備好去接受它。e.g.①Whichtranslationiscorrect?這兩部電影我都不喜歡。Idon’tlikebothofthefilms.Ilikeneitherofthefilms.英語中表示全部否定時常用等詞。no,none,nobody,nothing,neither,never,nowhereNote除了all之外,可與not搭配構(gòu)成部分否定結(jié)構(gòu)的代詞還有:等,這種結(jié)構(gòu)往往構(gòu)成翻譯陷阱。

Everybodycannotenjoysymphonies.并非每個人都能欣賞交響樂。e.g.both,every,everybody,everyone,many，everythingPractice:Idon’tknowbothofthem.Everybodywon’tlikethat.Idon’trememberallthesewords.Hedoesn’tknoweverythingaboutit.Allthenewsisnottrue.Neitherofthefilmisinteresting.2....itiseasiesttoexamineitinthegreat

creativepersonalities,

manyofwhom

experienceditinanintensifiedformand

havewrittenitdownintheirlifestoriesandletters.(L14)Many這在那些富有創(chuàng)造性的天才人物身上最顯而易見。他們中的許多人對這種經(jīng)歷有著強烈的感受。名詞(代詞或數(shù)詞)+of+whom結(jié)構(gòu)(examples)Manyofthehighlycreativepersonshadexperiencesofthissortandfeltitseffectsstrongly,asyoucanfindintheirlifestoriesandletters,sotheircaseiseasiesttostudyandunderstand.介詞+關系代詞”前還可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代詞或者數(shù)詞Shehadfivechildren,wholiveduptogrowupShehadfivechildren,threeofwhomlivedtogrowup

Thebookcontains50poems,

mostofwhich

werewrittenin1930’s.

Therearetwoleft,

oneofwhich

isalmost

finishedand

theotherofwhich

isnotquite.e.g.

Ourclassconsistsof50members,

15of

whom

arefemale.Translatethefollowingsentences籃子里有很多蘋果，其中的一些壞了我們班有五十個學生，大多數(shù)都來自北京直到現(xiàn)在，他已經(jīng)寫了十部小說了，其中三部是關于鄉(xiāng)村生活的。3.

Alltrulycreativeactivitiesdependinsome

degreeonthesesignalsfromtheunconscious,

and

themorehighlyinsightful

theperson,

thesharperandmoredramatic

thesignals

become.(L20)一切真正創(chuàng)造性的活動似乎都在某種程度上依賴于潛意識中的這些信號；一個人洞察力越強，這些信號就越鮮明、越富有戲劇性。Youmusthavebecomeinsomedegreeattachedtothehouse.Thebackwardnessofeducationinthisareais,insomedegree,duetolackofqualifiedteachersIneconomicmattersEuropeandAmericaweretosomeextentrivalsProductionoffruitandvegetableshasalsoriseninvaryingdegrees.Translation①你開始得越早，就完成得越快。②你認識的人越多，你能用于見他們的時間就越少。Thesooneryoustart,themorequicklyyou’llfinish.Themorepeopleyouknow,