第三組：說明文

第三組：說明文(一)Hi,Janice,It’sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschool.IreallywantsharewithyousomeproblemsI’vebeenexperiencing.AsItellyoulasttime,Imadethreenewfriendhere.

told

to

friends

Wehangouttogetherwheneverwecan.We’vebeenspendingmuchtimesinginkaraokebars.It’sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.AndIstartedtoseethisasawastingactivity.

much

singing

Infact,Idon’tliketogoanymore,soI’mafraidI’lllosetheirfriendship.HowdoyouthinkIshoulddo?Ifyouareme,wouldyoutalktohim?Pleasehelpwithmeandgivemesomeadvice.Grace

them

were

What

but

(一)這是一封求助信，表達(dá)了作者的困擾。作者交了三位新朋友，經(jīng)常一起閑逛和K歌，實(shí)際上作者并不想出去但又擔(dān)憂失去這份友誼，她想尋求一些建議。1.在want后加to因want后用不定式作賓語。2.tell→told由后面的時間狀語lasttime可知應(yīng)用一般過去時。3.friend→friends由前面的three可知要用復(fù)數(shù)。4.sing→singing由固定結(jié)構(gòu)spend…(in)doingsth.意為“花費(fèi)……做某事”可知。5.many→much根據(jù)句意“它真的花費(fèi)了我很多錢”，故用much指代錢(不可數(shù))。6.so→but此處顯然存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用并列連詞but。7.How→What因作do的賓語，故要用what。8.are→were此處是虛擬語氣。虛擬條件句中的系動詞是be(對現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的虛擬)時，要用were。9.him→them根據(jù)上文可知作者交了三位朋友，故要用復(fù)數(shù)them。10.去掉help后的with因動詞help是及物動詞，可直接帶賓語，不需加介詞with。注意：helpsb.withsth.意為“幫助某人做某事”。wastingadj.浪費(fèi)的hangout閑逛karaokebar酒吧sharewithsb.sth.與某人分享某物seethisas…把這看作……(二)Deareditor,I’msorrytooccupyyourprecioustime,andIreallywanttotellyouanythingabouttheproblemofsomepeoplekeepingpetsnowadays.Itaketheproblemseriouslyforthefollowingreason.First,asitisknowntoall,petsmakemuchnoisethattroublepeoplegreatly.

troubles

reasons

something

but

Additionally,it’swidelyacceptedthatanimalwastepollutestheenvironment,wheremakespeopleuncomfortable.Manyownersliketakingpetstopublicplaceswheretheymayfrightenchildrenorevenbitepeople.their

which

Mostimportant,petscanspreadsomediseasesthathaveattractedmuchattention.Takethesefactorsintoconsideration,IsincerelyhopeIcangethelptoyouandexpectthemediatodosomethingforthis.Yourstruly,LiHua

from

Taking

importantly

(二)作者(LiHua)向媒體寫信就人們養(yǎng)寵物這個問題尋求幫助。1.and→but表轉(zhuǎn)折用并列連詞but。2.anything→something肯定句用something。3.reason→reasons下文列舉的原因不止一個，故用復(fù)數(shù)。4.去掉isknown前的it由常用結(jié)構(gòu)asisknowntoall意為“眾所周知”可知。5.trouble→troubles先行詞noise是不可數(shù)名詞，故此處要用第三人稱單數(shù)。6.where→which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作主語。7.在taking后加their表“他們的寵物”，故要加their，此乃英語的習(xí)慣表達(dá)，交代清楚是“誰的……”。8.important→importantly修飾整個句子要用副詞。9.Take→Taking此處Take作非謂語，與邏輯主語I存在主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。10.help后的to→from此處理應(yīng)表“從你那里”，故用from。occupyvt.占據(jù)preciousadj.寶貴的followingadj.下面的additionallyadv.此外frightenvt.嚇唬spreadvt.傳播sincerelyadv.真誠地factorn.因素take…seriously認(rèn)真對待；重視It’swidelyacceptedthat…人們普遍認(rèn)為take…intoconsideration把……考慮在內(nèi)attractmuchattention引起很多注意(三)DearFengYing,I’vereceivedyourletter,inthatyousaidyouwantedtoloseweightbydieting.It’snaturalthatgirlsofyouragehopetolookbeautiful,andinmyopinion,healthoverweighsbeautiful.Forastudent,studyisthefirstthingtoconsiderbutappearanceisthesecond.

while

beauty

but

which

Sodon’tletothers’ideasaffectyournormallife.However,ifyoudidwanttoloseweight,it’sgoodideatodoitbytakingexerciseandchangeunhealthyeatinghabits.

changing

a

do

Furthermore,youshouldkeepforahealthystateofmind,whichishelpfulinmanyaspects.Ihopemyadviceswillbehelpfultoyou.I’mlookingforwardtohearfromyou.Yours,LiHua

hearing

advice

(三)作者(LiHua)給FengYing回信就如何合理減肥提供建議。1.that→which非限制性定語從句不能用that引導(dǎo)。2.and→but表轉(zhuǎn)折用并列連詞but。3.beautiful→beauty作賓語要用名詞形式。4.but→while表對比用并列連詞while。5.did→do此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語，而全文的主體時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，故要用do。6.在good前加a由常用句型it’sagoodideatodosth.意為“做某事是個好主意”可知。idea是可數(shù)名詞。7.change→changing作介詞by的賓語要用動詞-ing形式，與前面的taking并列。8.去掉keep后的for因keep是及物動詞。9.advices→advice因advice是不可數(shù)名詞。10.hear→hearing由固定短語lookforwardtodoingsth.意為“期待做某事”可知。overweighvt.比……重要appearancen.外貌affectvt.影響furthermoreadv.此外loseweight減肥ofyourage你這個年齡的normallife正常生活stateofmind心態(tài)inmanyaspects在很多方面It’snaturalthat………是自然的(四)IoftenquarrelaboutmymotheroverwhetherIcanwatchTVafterschool.SheholdsviewthatSenior3studentsmustmakefullyuseofeveryminutetoworkhardattheirlessons.

full

the

with

ItseemstomethatonceI’mallowedtodothat,I’llbeunabletocontrolmyselfandforgettingallaboutmystudy.Shealsothinksit’sbadformyeye.ButIreallycan’tacceptherideas.

eyes

forget

her

Inmyview,watchTVcansetmymindatrestafteraday’shardworks.Besides,it’simportantforustoknowwhathadhappenedathomeandatabroad.Thus,weshouldn’tbeforbiddentowatchTV.

has

work

watching

(四)本文作者和母親關(guān)于自己能不能看電視展開了爭論。1.about→with由固定短語quarrelwithsb.意為“和某人爭論”可知。2.在view前加the由固定短語holdtheview意為“認(rèn)為”可知。也可以說，view后有定語從句，表特指。3.fully→full修飾名詞use要用形容詞full。4.me→her根據(jù)上下文意思可推知，此處是指“對她來說好像”。5.forgetting→forget情態(tài)動詞后用動詞原形，與be并列。6.eye→eyes因eye是可數(shù)名詞，此處理應(yīng)是指“雙眼”，故用復(fù)數(shù)。7.watch→watching作主語要用動詞-ing形式。8.works→work因work是不可數(shù)名詞。9.had→has全文的主體時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，故此處要用現(xiàn)在完成時。10.去掉abroad前的at由固定短語athomeandabroad“在國內(nèi)外”可知。abroad本身可作副詞，前面無需加介詞。quarrelvi.爭吵；吵架thusadv.因此onceconj.一旦Senior3students高三學(xué)生workhardat…努力學(xué)習(xí)beforbiddentodo被禁止做inmyview在我看來setmymindatrest讓我的頭腦休息一下(五)Timeisvaluablebutlimit.Thereisafamoussaying,“Timeislife”,thisshowstheimportanceoftime.Whentimehadgone,it’llneverreturn.It’sapitywhenmanypeoplemakepooruseoftime.

that

has

which

limited

Theyspendtheirprecioustimeoversleeping,drinkingandhangingaround.Theydon’trealizewastingtimeisequalwithwastingtheirlife.Theyalwaysregrethavingmadelittleachievementsofar.

to

However,weshouldformthehabitofvaluetime.Don’tputoffwhatcanbedonetodaytomorrow.Lazinesswillnotonlybringusthefailure,butalsoleadustotheroadtopovertyandevendeaths.

death

till/until

valuing

Therefore

(五)本文告訴我們，時間是有限的，我們要珍惜時間。1.limit→limited作表語要用形容詞。2.this→which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。3.had→has全文的主體時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時，故此處用現(xiàn)在完成時。4.when→that由固定句型it’sapitythat意為“……很可惜”可知，that引導(dǎo)主語從句。5.with→to由固定短語beequalto意為“與……相等”可知。6.However→Therefore根據(jù)上下文，此處理應(yīng)表“因果”關(guān)系，故要用Therefore。7.value→valuing作介詞of的賓語，要用動詞-ing形式valuing，意為“珍惜”。8.在tomorrow前加till/until由固定短語putoff…till/until…意為“把……推遲到……”可知。till/until在此作介詞，并非連接詞。9.去掉failure前的the抽象名詞前不加冠詞。此處是第一次提到，而且并無特指，故不用定冠詞。10.deaths→death因和poverty是并列關(guān)系，故用單數(shù)death。deaths意為“死亡人數(shù)”。valuableadj.有價值的preciousadj.珍貴的oversleepvi.睡過頭povertyn.貧窮sofar迄今為止putoff推遲hangaround閑蕩formthehabitof…養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣(六)Doyoureadreviewsafteryouseeamovie?Iusetodothat,butIusuallyregretted.IreadsomuchaboutamovieonadvancethatIoftenendedupnotgotoseeitatall.

going

in

used

before

Thewriterspointouteverythingthat’swrongwiththefilm,butseldommentionsanythinggoodaboutthem.Theyalsotellmanythingsandeventheendingofthemovie.LatelyIhavechangedwayIchoosemoviestowatch.the

it

mention

Ireadreviewsafterwards.What’simportancetomeisthatIdon’twatchthetalkshowsinthatpeoplediscussmovies.Idon’taskothershowtheylikeofit.Now,Ienjoymyselfevenmore.

which

important

(六)本文作者就“看電影評論的方式”談了自己的觀點(diǎn)。1.after→before根據(jù)下文可知，應(yīng)該是在看電影之前看的評論，故用before。2.use→used由固定短語usedtodo意為“過去常?！笨芍?。3.on→in由固定短語inadvance意為“提前”可知。4.go→going由固定短語endupdoing意為“以……結(jié)束”可知。5.mentions→mention主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞writers，故不用第三人稱單數(shù)。6.them→it指代前面的thefilm，故用單數(shù)it。7.在way前加the此處表特指，故要用定冠詞。8.importance→important作表語要用形容詞。9.people前的that→which在帶有介詞的定語從句中不能用that。10.去掉like后的of因like是及物動詞。reviewn.評論regretvi.后悔afterwardsadv.事后pointout指出talkshow訪談節(jié)目evenmore更多地(七)Lastweek,studentsinourclasshelddebateonwhetherweshouldshoponline.Moststudentsareinfavorforit,thinkthatshoppingonlinecanhelppeoplesavetime.

thinking

of

aBesides,shoppingonlinenotonlyallowpeopletobrowsemanyitemswithoutleavingourhomes,butalsoletsthemcomparethepricesofgoodsinashorttime.

their

allows

Moreimportant,theInternetisopenalldaylong,soitisofgreatconvenientforthosewhoarebusyinthedaytime.However,specialattentionmustbepaytothesafetyofonlineshopping.Peopleneedtomakesureofthattheygetthattheyhaveorderedbeforepayingforthebill.

what

paid

convenience

importantly

(七)本文論述了網(wǎng)絡(luò)購物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)。1.在debate前加a因debate是可數(shù)名詞，故要加不定冠詞。2.for→of由固定短語infavorof意為“贊同”可知。3.think→thinking分析句子成分可知此處think作非謂語，且與邏輯主語students存在主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。4.allow→allows本句主語是shoppingonline，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。5.our→their由前面的people可知要用their。6.important→importantly作狀語要用副詞形式。7.convenient→convenience因beofgreat+抽象名詞=bevery+形容詞。8.pay→paid此處是被動，故要用過去分詞。9.去掉makesure后的of因makesurethat+從句是固定句型，此處of顯然是多余的。10.get后的that→what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。根據(jù)語境可知應(yīng)該用what才符合邏輯。debaten.辯論browsevt.瀏覽itemn.物品comparevt.對比goodsn.商品ordervt.定購；定(貨)savetime節(jié)省時間inashorttime在很短時間內(nèi)inthedaytime在白天payforthebill買單(八)Withthedevelopmentofourcountry’seconomy,moreandmorepeoplebuycars,thatcausesserioustrafficproblemsandenvironmentalpollution.AsfarasIamconcernedabout,thesolutionsofthisproblemarepresentedasfollows.to

which

Firstly,thegovernmentshouldrestricttheamountofcar-buyingandraisesthecostsofowningprivatecars.Secondly,carsfromotherplacesoughtbelimitedtogoingtobigcities.

raise

to

Beside,thegove