初一閱讀課件

如何學(xué)習(xí)英語閱讀？英語閱讀方法英語閱讀方法考查題型及解題方法：主旨大意細(xì)節(jié)理解猜測詞義推理判斷一主旨大意題考查學(xué)生對文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會和理解能力。

提問方式：

1）問標(biāo)題

Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage？

Thebesttitleforthepassageis______.

2）問中心Thefirstparagraphismainlyaboutthe_____Thepassageismostlyabout____

3）問目的；態(tài)度Theauthorwantstotell____Thepurposeofthisarticleisto____容易選錯(cuò)的干擾項(xiàng):以偏概全夸大主題把觀點(diǎn)強(qiáng)加給作者解題策略找主題句。主題句是歸納文章中心的句子，它的出現(xiàn)有三種情況：1、在開頭。主題句在文章開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細(xì)節(jié)。新聞報(bào)道、說明文、議論文常用此方式。

Goodmorning.Theprogramtodayisaboutmusic.Theword“music”comesfromtheGreekword“muse”.TheMusesarethegoddessesofthearts.Musicisonlyoneofthearts.Itislikethespokenlanguage,butisusessounds.Today'sprogrambringstogethermusicfromdifferentcornersoftheworld.Whoinventedmusic？Whosangthefirstsong？Nooneknowsexactlytheanswerstothesequestions.Butweknowthatmusicplaysanimportantpartinalmosteveryone'slife.Babiesandyoungchildrenlovetohearpeoplesingingtothem.Whentheyarealittleolder,theyliketosingthesongstheyhaveheard.Whenchildrengotoschool,theirworldofmusicgrows.Inthemiddlegradesstudentstakemusiclessons.Whentheyreachhighschool,theybecomeinterestedinlisteningtopopmusic.

文章開頭就說明今天的節(jié)目是關(guān)于音樂的，其后的句子都是圍繞介紹音樂的。從音樂的起源，形式，作用到全世界的受人喜愛音樂，進(jìn)行逐一說明。文章最后一句“Infact,thetrueloveisnotbuiltonfriendship,loyaltyorbloodrelationship.Instead,itisbasedonnorelationship.真正的愛不以友誼、忠誠抑或是血緣關(guān)系為前提，事實(shí)上，真正的愛，是無條件的博愛。”就是在前面故事的基礎(chǔ)上的總結(jié)與概括，即文章的主旨。2.在結(jié)尾。

3.在中間。通常是文章的開頭提出問題，陳述細(xì)節(jié)，導(dǎo)出主題句，然后再進(jìn)一步用細(xì)節(jié)說明支持主題句。如：

Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat.Fewinventions（發(fā)明）aresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark.Infact,themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations.Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand.Acamper（宿營者）alsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfire（篝火）hasbeenout（熄滅）.______________________________________________________________________________________二細(xì)節(jié)理解題本類試題主要考查學(xué)生對閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問題包括詢問人(who)、物(what)、時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、原因(cause)、結(jié)果(effect)、文中的數(shù)據(jù)(data)等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常?？疾檫@些細(xì)節(jié)。解題策略：

1）對應(yīng)性

2）準(zhǔn)確性

3）區(qū)分性三詞義猜測題單詞的猜測能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，是考查對文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解。而且，所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)文中語境來判斷。解題策略:

閱讀中碰到生詞時(shí)不要著急，耐心地讀下去，文章會幫助你猜出生詞詞義。此外，我們也可以通過構(gòu)詞法知識分析生詞詞義，或通過上下文,同義詞，反義詞，生活常識等猜測，尤其是本句話以及前后兩句話，給生詞假設(shè)意思，看是否讀的通。還可以聯(lián)想，即回想已知詞匯中是否存在拼寫方法與該生詞類似的詞。根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義技巧1Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.calendar日歷Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.herdsman牧人根據(jù)定義或解釋猜測詞義技巧1Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.calendar日歷Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.herdsman牧人根據(jù)對比確定詞義技巧2Ourmathsprofessor（教授）saysthatalltheproblemshegivesusaresimpleones，however，wefeelthattheyareintricateandhardtosolve．Intricate復(fù)雜的技巧3

根據(jù)同義詞的替代關(guān)系猜詞義IntheancientcityofRome(羅馬),wevisitedeverymansion,church[t??:rt?]（教堂）,theatreandotherpublichalls[h?:ls].mansion建筑物或場所根據(jù)反義猜詞技巧4Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.

sedate安靜的根據(jù)上下文情景確定詞義技巧5Allhisattempts[??tempt]tounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.

futile徒勞的根據(jù)常識、經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜生詞技巧6Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread．

spectacles老花鏡根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義技巧7

Hehasrenamedtherestaurant[?restrɑ:nt]“Paradise”.rename重新起名，改名根據(jù)因果關(guān)系猜測詞義技巧8

Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat，foritwasn'thisfault[f?lt].blame責(zé)備四推理判斷題

推理判斷題著重考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類題目難度大，設(shè)計(jì)面廣，如人物的性格、心理、故事的結(jié)局、寓意、文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等。其題目設(shè)計(jì)的方式一般有：

容易選錯(cuò)的干擾項(xiàng)：選項(xiàng)中意思雖然與原文相符，但是只是涉及一些細(xì)枝末節(jié)，不符合題干。選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容與原文無關(guān),或者是對文章內(nèi)容作了張冠李戴的處理。選項(xiàng)是對原文內(nèi)容的簡單重復(fù)，不是推理得出的結(jié)論。選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容純屬主觀臆斷得出的結(jié)論，文章根本沒有提及。解題策略：做這類題目時(shí)，大家必須透過文章的字面意思，領(lǐng)悟隱含在字里行間的內(nèi)涵，體會作者的言外之意、弦外之音。找出作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞語，進(jìn)行符合邏輯的推理。

例：

Haveyoueverheldatoyballoon(氣球)?Theyareverylight.Buttherearemuchbiggerballoons.Theseballoonscanflyveryhighupinthesky.Theyare

bigenoughto

carrypeople.Theyarecalledhot-airballoons.

Tomakeahot-airballoongoup,

turnontheburner

(燃燒器).Thatwillmaketheairinsidetheballoonhotter.Thentheballoonwillgoup.

Tomaketheballoongodown,turnofftheburner.Theairinsidetheballoonwillgetcooler.Thentheballoonwillgodown.

Underneath(在…下面)theballoonthereisalargebasket.Thatiswherethepilot(飛行員)andthepassengers(乘客)go.

Theburnerisjustabovethebasket.Youcanstandinthebasketandturntheburneronandoff.Theballoonwillgowherethewindblowsit.Doyouwanttheballoontogosomewherespecial?Firstmakesure

thewindis

blowingtherightway!

Peoplehavebeenflyinginhot-airballoonsforovertwohundredyears.Beforeplanesitwastheonlywayofflying.Todaypeopleflyinhotairballoonsforfun.Somepeopleliketoracehot-airballoons.ThefirstHot-AirBalloonWorldChampionship(錦標(biāo)賽)washeldin1973.

()1.Ahot-airballoonis____________.

A.smallerthanatoyballoonB.biggerthanatoyballoonC.thesameasatoyballoonD.lighterthanatoyballoon1、B由“Buttheyaremuchbiggerballoons.”可知。這里的比較級是與前面“atoyballoon”相比較。

()2.Wherewillyousitifyouwanttoflyintheballoon?

A.Insidethebasket.B.Ontopoftheballoon

C.UnderthebasketD.Insidetheballoon

2、A這是一篇有關(guān)熱氣球的科普文章，需要考生熟知有關(guān)熱氣球的基本常識。熱氣球有燃燒器（也可叫加熱器），打開燃燒器，氣球內(nèi)氣體被加熱，氣球會上升，反之就下降。氣球下面是一個(gè)大籃子，飛行員或乘客在此處，燃燒器在籃子上方。熱氣球總要隨風(fēng)向飛行。

()3.Youwanttheballoontogoup.Soyouwill_____________.

A.jumpoutiftheballoonB.lettheairoutoftheballoon

C.maketheairinsidetheballoonhotterD.lettheairinsidetheballooncooldown

3、C由第二段的敘述可知。

()4.Noweverythingisallright!Theballoonisflyingacrossthesky.Whereareyougoing?

A.Towardsthesun.B.Totheseaside.

C.Wherethewindblowsyou.D.Tothenearestmountains.

4、C由第六段的敘述可知。

小試牛刀

Peoplesometimesliketoreadstoriesofdogsverymuch.Theythinkthatdogsaremuchclevererthancats,sheep,cowsorotheranimalsintheirhomes.Oneofmyfriends,Bob,hasaverylargepolicedog（警犬）namedJack.EverySundayafternoon,BobandJackhaveawalk（散步）intheparknearby.OneSundayafternoon,Ipaidavisitto（拜訪）myfriend.IstayedthereforalongtimeandmyfriendandIhadmuchmoretalkwitheachother.Soonitwastimeforthemtotakeawalkinthepark.Weforgotthat.Jackbecameworriedaboutit.Hewalkedaroundtheroomseveraltimesandthensatdowninfrontofmeandlookedatme.ButIstillpaidnoattention(沒注意)tohim.Iwentontalkingwithmyfriend.Atlast,Jackcouldnotwaitanylonger.Hewentoutoftheroomandcamebackafewmi