創(chuàng)造發(fā)明方法

1、設(shè)問發(fā)明法

設(shè)問發(fā)明法也稱聰明的辦法、檢核表法。它享有創(chuàng)造技法之母的稱號。夜光粉是一種用量少用途不大的發(fā)光材料，多用于鐘表和儀表?，F(xiàn)在有人提出，它能有更大的用途嗎？這個設(shè)問，誘人研制成夜光紙，可以裁剪成任何形狀貼在夜間黑暗環(huán)境中，指示開關(guān)位置所在，既方便，又安全?？少N在火柴盒上、煤油燈座上、山區(qū)公路轉(zhuǎn)彎處、樓梯扶手處等等。Establishtoinventionmethodalsocalledintelligentmethod,andthemethodofchecklist.Itholdsthetitleofthemotherofcreationtechniques.Noctilucentpowderisakindofconsumptionpurposesnotbigluminescentmaterial,usedforclockandinstrumentation.Nowsomeoneisputforward,itcanbemoreuseful?Therhetoricalquestion,invitingthedevelopedluminouspaper,canbecutintoanyshapeinthedarknightenvironment,indicatingswitchposition,convenient,andsafe.Canstickonthematchbox,kerosenelampseat,mountainroadcorner,stairarmrest,andsoon..Thisinventiontechniquesinventedmethodcalledrhetoricalquestions.Establishtoinventionmethodaccordingtotheneedtosolvetheproblem,orneedtocreatetheobjectoftheinventionliststherelevantissues,andthencheckthinkingandpromoteinnovation.Canestablishtoexistingtheinventionofthepresenceofotherpurposes?Canyouintroduceothercreativeidea,orreplacement,ortoborrow?Existinginventionscanchange?Canyoushrink,ease,split?Couldyouexpandpurposes,prolonglife?Willyoupleasereplacemodelororder?Willyoupleaseupsidedown?Presenceofsubstituteproducts?Theexistingseveralinventionscanbecombinedtogether?......Fromthisinquirycanobtainthemethodtosolvetheproblemandtheideasoftheinvention這種發(fā)明技法叫設(shè)問發(fā)明法。設(shè)問發(fā)明法根據(jù)需要解決的問題，或需要創(chuàng)造發(fā)明的對象列出有關(guān)問題，然后一一核對思考，促進創(chuàng)造發(fā)明。可以設(shè)問現(xiàn)有的發(fā)明有無其他用途？能否引入其他創(chuàng)造性設(shè)想，或替代，或借用？現(xiàn)有發(fā)明可否改動一下？可否縮小、減輕、分割？可否擴大用途，延長壽命？可否更換型號或順序？可否顛倒過來？有無替代用品？現(xiàn)有的幾種發(fā)明是否可以組合一起？……從這段設(shè)問中可以獲得解決問題的方法和創(chuàng)造發(fā)明的設(shè)想。（1）加一加

把一件物品加大一點，加長一點，加高一點，或者把功能增多一點，使物品在形態(tài)上、功能上、尺寸上有所變化，有利于使用。例如，把變通的印刷鉛字加大一點，成為大號字，便于老年人閱覽。把變通雨傘加大一點，成為海濱游泳場的晴雨兩用傘。鉛筆和橡皮原來是分開的兩件東西，美國威廉發(fā)明了橡皮頭鉛筆，這也是加一加的方法。帽子和衣服加在一起，有了帶帽子的風(fēng)雪大衣。X射線照相裝置同電子計算機加在一起，成為“CT掃瞄儀”，使診斷腦內(nèi)疾病和體內(nèi)癌變等具有特殊效能。Toincreasealittle,andanarticleextendedabit,abithigher,orthefunctionincreasedalittle,maketheitemsontheform,function,sizechanges,ishelpfultouse.Forexample,theflexibleprintingtypeincreasedalittle,becomelarge,readingtotheelderly.Flexibleumbrellaincreasedalittle,becomeaseasideworkedasamphibiousumbrellaintherainorshine.Pencilanderaserisdividedtwothings,theUnitedStates,Williaminventedtherubberheadpencil,itisalsoaplusoneplusmethod.Thehatandclothes,puttogether,haveaparkawiththehat.X-rayphotographicdevicewiththeelectroniccomputer,puttogether,becomea"CTscaninstrument",makethediagnosisofbraindiseasessuchascancerinvitroandinvivowithspecialperformance.（2）減一減

把一件物品減小一點、減輕一點、減低一點，使它的形態(tài)、功能發(fā)生變化。例如，電子管改成集成塊，體積縮小了。鋼鐵架帆布帳篷改為充氣塑料帳篷，重量大大減輕了。近視眼患者帶上眼鏡很不方便，發(fā)明微型隱形鏡片，裝在眼睛內(nèi)，更方便了。Minishtheoneitem,reduce,reducealittlebit,makeitachangeinthemorphologyandfunction.Tubeintoaintegratedblock,forexample,volumeisreduced.Steelframethecanvastentinsteadofinflatableplastictent,greatlyreducetheweight.Patientswithmyopiawearglassesisnotveryconvenient,inventedthemicrolenses,intheeyes,moreconvenient.（3）擴一擴

把一個物品放寬一點，擴大一點，使它的功能產(chǎn)生明顯的變化。例如，放大鏡、顯微鏡、寬銀幕電影、投影電視，都是運用擴一擴的技法。上珠算課，教師向全班同學(xué)演示怎樣撥珠運算，制作一個大算盤，掛在黑板上，全班同學(xué)都看得清清楚楚。Putaarticlestorelaxalittle,andexpand,createsanobviouschangeitsfunction.Forexample,amagnifyingglass,microscope,widescreenmovie,projectionTV,enlargetheexpansiontechniqueisused.Theabacusclass,theteachertotheclasshowtodialthebeadoperation,makingabigabacus,hangingontheblackboard,theclasstoseeclearly.（4）縮一縮

使一個物品的體積縮小一點，縮短一點，給人使用帶來方便，或者改變它的功能。例如，制造壓縮餅干、袖珍收音機、袖珍雨衣等，書籍的縮印本、袖珍詞典等。一位醫(yī)師設(shè)想了利用氣球作為疏通血管的工具。把氣球縮得很?。ㄖ睆街挥袔缀撩祝?，把它系在一個特制的導(dǎo)管的一端插入病人的動脈血管，當(dāng)它探到被脂肪阻塞的地方時，就給小氣球充氣，小氣球膨脹后，就擠壓清除了沉積在那里的脂肪，使血液正常地疏通。Makeasmalleritems,shorter,bringconveniencetopeopleuse,orchangeitsfunction.Buildcompressedbiscuits,pocketradios,pocket,forexample,raincoat,etc.,booksinreduced,pocketdictionary,etc.Aphysicianusingballoonsastoolstounclogbloodvessels.Shrinktotheballoonissmall(onlyafewmillimetersindiameter),fastenitononeendofaspecialcatheterinsertedintothepatient'sartery,blockedwhenittobefat,givesmallballoon,balloonexpansion,theresqueezetoremovethedepositionoffat,bloodnormallyopen.（5）變一變

改變物品的形狀、尺寸、顏色、味道、音響等，引起人們新的感覺，更有使用價值，更受消費者歡迎。例如，服裝的面料、款式、顏色、圖案的變化。圓形鉛筆變?yōu)榱切?、扁圓形，不易滑手，不易從桌上滾下。圓珠筆從單色變?yōu)殡p色、三色等。Changetheitem'sshape,size,color,taste,sound,etc.,causepeoplenewfeeling,havemoreusevalue,ismorepopularwithconsumers.Forexample,thefabricsofclothing,style,color,designchange.Circularpencilintohexagonal,oblate,isnoteasytoslide,noteasyrollingdownfromthetable.Ballpointpenfrommonochrometodoublecolor,threecolor,etc.（6）改一改改進物品原來的形狀、性能、結(jié)構(gòu)，使之出現(xiàn)新形態(tài)、新的功能。例如，對雨傘的改進。為了防止容易拿錯，讓傘布增加顏色和圖案。為了防止風(fēng)雨時傘布遮住視線，改用透明的塑料作傘布。為了撐傘時拿東西方便，設(shè)計成可戴在頭上的帽式雨傘。還有，帶“儲水器”的傘，帶照明的傘，等等。再如，撥環(huán)式電話機改為按鍵式電話機；單放機改為收音機；單卡改為雙卡……，使產(chǎn)品朝著自動化、微型化、效率化、輕便化、簡單化、省力化方向發(fā)展。Improvetheitemsoftheoriginalshape,performance,structure,makeitanewformandnewfunctions.Forexample,improvementsontheumbrella.Inordertopreventeasytogetwrong,toincreaseourumbrellaclothcolorandpattern.Inordertopreventthewindandrainumbrellaclothcoverthelineofsight,toswitchtoatransparentplasticcloth.Totakethingseasywhentheumbrellas,designedtobeputonthehatoftheheadanumbrella.Also,with"water"umbrella,umbrella,withlightingandsoon.Again,suchas,dialthetelephoneringtypetotouch-tonetelephone.Walkmanischangedtotheradio;Singlecardinstead