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初高中英語銜接專題一:名詞考點集匯,講解和訓(xùn)練一、名詞的數(shù)1.單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“-s”構(gòu)成,其重要變法如下:(1)一般情況在詞尾加-s,例如:book→books,girl→girls,boy→boys,pen→pens,doctor→doctors,boy→boys。(2)以s,x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾的詞加-es,例如:bus→buses,class→classesbox→boxes,watch→wat(yī)ches,brush→brushes。(3)以ce,se,ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s,例如:orange—oranges。(4)以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加-es,例如:city→cities,factory→factories,country→countries,family→families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s,如:boy→boys,day→days。(5)以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:hero→heroes,potato→potat(yī)oes,tomat(yī)o→tomatoes,但詞末為兩個元音字母的詞只加-s。例如:zoo→zoos,radio→radios,尚有某些外來詞也只加-s,例如:photo→photos,piano→pianos。(6)以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞,多數(shù)變f為v再加-es,例如:knife→knives,leaf→leaves,half→halves。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s(或es)的讀音方法如下表所示。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s(或es)的讀音方法情況讀法例詞在[p][t][k][f]等清輔音后[s]cups,hats,cakes在[s][z][t][d3][F]等音后[iz]glasses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces在[b][d][g][v]等濁輔音后[z]beds,dogs,cities,knives(7)少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如:man→men,woman→women,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,child→children,mouse→mice?!咀⒁狻颗cman和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞,其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。例如:anEnglishman,twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成詞,故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans;man,woman等作定語時,它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定,如:menworkers,womenteachers。有個別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)同樣,例如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish等。但當fish表達不同種類的魚時,可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。(8)單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有:people,police等。(9)數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時,這個名詞一般保存單數(shù)形式,中間加連字符。例如an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk。(10)尚有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods,ashes,scissors,compasses。(11)只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有:科學(xué)名詞:physics,mathematics/maths

游戲名稱:bowls

專有名詞:theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls

其他名詞:news,falls2.不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表達方法在英語中,不可數(shù)名詞假如要表達“量的概念”,可以用以下兩種方法:(1)用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表達多少,例如:Therichmanhasalotofmoney.?Thereissomemilkinthebottle.

Isthereanywaterintheglass?

Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice.(2)用apieceof這類定語,例如:apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbreadabottleoforangeaglassofwater(milk)acupofteaacupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice

假如要表達“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時,在容器后加復(fù)數(shù),例如:

twocupsoftea?fourpiecesofpaper

threeglassesofwater不可數(shù)名詞也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等來修飾。二、名詞的所有格名詞所有格,用來表達人或物的所有,以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。1.表達有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加's,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s',例如:astudent'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes。2.如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加's,如:Children'sDay。3.在表達時間、距離、長度、重量、價格、世界、國家等名詞的所有格要用's,例如:atwentyminutes'walk,tenmiles'journey,aboat'slength,twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth。4.無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu),例如:amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。5.雙重所有格,例如:afriendofmyfather's?!咀⒁狻考偃鐑蓚€名詞并列,并且分別有's,則表達“分別有”,例如:John'sandMary'srooms(約翰和瑪麗各有一間,共兩間);Tom'sandMary'sbikes(兩人各自的自行車)。兩個名詞并列,只有一個's,則表達“共有”,例如:JohnandMary'sroom(約翰和瑪麗共有一間);TomandMary'smother(即Tom與Mary是兄妹)?!狙菥殹?.---Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?I’vebeento______.A.theHenryhouse

B.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry’shome

D.Henry’s2.InEngland,if____isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.food

B.lunch

C.breakfast

D.dinner3.Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven’tfoundit.Whynottry____.A.threetimes

B.a(chǎn)thirdtime

C.thethirdtime

D.once4.Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem______?Certainly.A.somebottlesofwaters

B.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwater

D.somebottleofwaters5.Mikehurtoneofhis______intheaccidentyesterday.A.tooth

B.feet

C.hand

D.ear6.Thereissome_______ontheplate.A.cakes

B.meat

C.potato

D.pears7.InEngland,thelastnameisthe

_______.A.familyname

B.middle

C.givenname

D.fullname8.Theyaregoingtofly_______toBeijing.A.Germen

B.Germany

C.Germanys

D.Germans9.The______hastwo_______.A.boys;watches

B.boy;watch

C.boy;watches

D.boys;watch10.Thelittlebabyhastwo_______already.A.tooth

B.tooths

C.teeth

D.teeths11.What’syour_______forbeinglat(yī)eagain?A.idea

B.key

C.excuse

D.news12.---It’sdangeroushere.We’dbettergooutquickly.---ButIthinkweshouldlet_______gooutfirst.A.womanandchildren

B.womenandchildC.womanandchild

D.womenandchildren13.YoucanseeMr.Smithifthereisasign“_______”onthedoorofhisshop.---Thanks.A.ENTRANCE

B.BUSINESSHOURSC.THISSIDEUP

D.NOSMOKING14.Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon_______?A.Children’sDay

B.Childrens’sDayC.ChildrensDay

D.ChildrenDay15.Wherearethestudents?Aretheyin_______?A.theRoom406

B.Room406

C.the406Room

D.406Room【練習(xí)答案】1.D2.B3.B4.B5.B

6.B7.A8.D9.C10.C

11.C12.D13.B14.A15.B專題二:形容詞、副詞考點集匯,講解和訓(xùn)練【名師點睛】1.形容詞的用法(1)形容詞在句中作定語,表語,賓語補足語。例如:Ourcountryisabeautifulcountry.(作定語)Thefishwentbad.(作表語)Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.(作賓語補足語)(2)形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代詞時,形容詞放在名詞后面。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm.(3)用and或or連接起來的兩個形容詞作定語時一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進一步解釋的作用。Everybody,manandwoman,oldandyoung,shouldattendthemeeting.Youcantakeanyboxaway,bigorsmall.(4)the+形容詞表達一類人或物Therichshouldhelpthepoor.2.副詞的用法(1)副詞在句中可作狀語,表語和定語。Hestudiesveryhard.(作狀語)Lifehereisfullofjoy.(作定語)Whenwillyoubeback?(作表語)副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類:1)時間副詞時間副詞通常用來表達動作的時間。常見的時間副詞有:nowtoday,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。例如:Heoftencomestoschoollate.Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow?HeisneverbeentoBeijing.2)地點副詞地點副詞通常用來表達動作發(fā)生的地點。常見的地點副詞有:here,there,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如:Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.Hewentupstairs.Putdownyournamehere.3)方式副詞方式副詞一般都是回答“如何的?”這類問題的,其中絕大部分都是由一個形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的,有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly,它們與形容詞同形。常見的方式副詞有:anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,proudly,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。例如:Theoldmanwalkedhomeslowly.Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.Thebirdsareflyinghigh.Herunsveryfast.4)限度副詞限度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞,有少數(shù)用來修飾動詞或介詞短語。常見的限度副詞有:much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。例如:Herpronunciationisverygood.Shesingsquitewell.Icanhardlyagreewithyou.5)疑問副詞是用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的副詞。常見的疑問副詞有:how,when,where,why等。例如:Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies?Wherewereyouyesterday?Whydidyoudothat?(2)副詞在句中的位置1)多數(shù)副詞作狀語時放在動詞之后。假如動詞帶有賓語,則放在賓語之后。例如:MrSmithworksveryhard.ShespeaksEnglishwell.2)頻度副詞作狀語時,通常放在行為動詞之前,情態(tài)動詞,助動詞和be動詞之后。例如:Heusuallygetsupearly.I’veneverheardhimsinging.Sheisseldomill.3)限度副詞一般放在所修飾的形容詞和副詞的前面,但enough作副詞用時,通常放在被修飾詞的后面。例如:Itisaratherdifficultjob.Herunsveryfast.Hedidn’tworkhardenough.4)副詞作定語時,一般放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如:Onmywayhome,Imetmyuncle.Thestudentstherehavealottimetodotheirownresearchwork.(3)部分常用副詞的用法1)very,much這兩個副詞都可表達“很”,但用法不同。Very用來修飾形容詞和副詞的原級,而much用來修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級。例如:SheisaverynicegirlI’mfeelingmuchbetternow.Much可以修飾動詞,而very則不能。例如:Idon’tliketheideamuch.Theydidnottalkmuch.2)too,either這兩個副詞都表達“也”,但too用于肯定句,either用于否認句。例如:Shecandance,andIcandance,too.Ihaven’treadthebookandmybrotherhasn’teither.3)already,yetalready一般用于語肯定句,yet一般用于否認句。例如:Hehasalreadyleft.Haveyouheardfromhimyet?Hehasn’tansweredyet.4)so,neitherso和neither都可用于倒裝句,但so表達肯定,neither表達否認。例如:MybrotherlikesfootballandsodoI.Mybrotherdoesn’tlikedancingandneitherdoI.3.形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級(1)Ourteacheristallerthanweare.Theboysinherclassaretallerthantheboysinyourclass.(2)most同形容詞連用而不用the,表達"極,很,非常,十分"。It'smostdangeroustobehere.在這兒太危險。(3)“The+形容詞比較級...,the+形容詞比較級...”表達“越...就越...”。Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.(4)“形容詞比較級+and+形容詞比較級”,表達“越來越...”。It'sgettinghotterandhotter.(5)主語+謂語(系動詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表達兩者對比相同。Thisboxisasbigasmine.(6)the+形容詞,表達某種人。Healwayshelpsthepoor.(7)形容詞和副詞最高級用于三個或三個以上的人和物進行比較。ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.【演練】1.Therearemanyyoungtreeson

sidesoftheroad.A.every

B.each

C.both

D.all2.It’ssocoldtoday.Yes,it’s

thanitwasyesterday.A.morecold

B.morecolder

C.muchcolder

D.cold3.LittleTomhas

friends,soheoftenplaysalone.A.more

B.alittle

C.many

D.few4.Sheisn’tso

atmathsasyouare.A.well

B.good

C.better

D.best5.Peterwrites

ofthethree.A.better

B.best

C.good

D.well6.Heis

enoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.stronger

B.muchstronger

C.strong

D.thestrongest7.Ibought

exercise-bookswith

money.A.afew;afew

B.afew;alittle

C.alittle;afew

D.alittle;alittle8.Theboxis

heavyforthegirl

carry.A.too;to

B.to;too

C.so;that

D.no;to9.Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter

.It’sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.long

B.high

C.thick

D.wide10.WuLinran

fasterthantheotherboysinthesportsmeeting.A.so

B.much

C.very

D.too11.Jonelooksso_______todaybecauseshehasgotan“A”inhermat(yī)hstest.A.happyB.happilyC.angryD.angrily12.Thesmileonmyfather’sfaceshowedthathewas______withme.A.sadB.pleasedC.angryD.sorry13.Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?Certainly,wecanbuy______onethanthis,but______this.A.a(chǎn)better;betterthanB.aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodasD.amoreimportant;goodas14.---Thisdigitalcameraisreallycheap!The______thebetter.I’mshortofmoney,yousee.A.cheapB.cheaperC.expensiveD.moreexpensive15.IfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustuseitas_______aspossible.A.oftenB.longC.hardD.soon16.Paulhas______friendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.A.manyB.someC.fewD.more17.Englishpeople_____useMr.Beforeaman’sfirstname.A.neverB.usuallyC.oftenD.sometimes18.OnemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.Right.Thegovernmentspoke______that.A.highlyforB.highofC.wellofD.highlyof19.---Rememberthis,children.______carefulyouare,______mistakesyouwillmake.---Weknow,MissGao.A.Themore;themoreB.Thefewer;themoreC.Themore;thefewerD.Theless;theless20.Ihave________todotoday.A.anythingimportantB.somethingimportantC.importantnothingD.importantsomething【練習(xí)答案】1.C2.C3.D4.B5.B

6.C7.B8.A9.C10.B11.A12.B13.C14.B15.A16.C17.A18.D19.C20.B專題三:動詞考點集匯,講解和訓(xùn)練1.動詞的時態(tài)英語時態(tài)用共有十六種時態(tài),其中常用的有8種,它們是:一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時、一般將來時、現(xiàn)在進行時、現(xiàn)在完畢時、過去進行時、過去完畢時和過去將來時。(1)一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法1)經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表達頻度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語:every…,sometimes,at…,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat(yī)7everymorning.2)客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.3)表達格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.【注意】此用法假如出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例:Colvedthattheearthisround..4)現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。Idon'twantsomuch.5)某些動詞如come,go,move,stop,leave,arrive,be,finish,continue,start等,在一般現(xiàn)在時句中可用來表達將來肯定會發(fā)生的動作。Thetraincomesat3o'clock.6)在時間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中,一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時。I'llhelpyouassoonasyouhaveproblem.TellXiaoLiaboutitifyoumeethim.(2)一般過去時的用法:表達過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動作或情況,通常一般過去式帶有表達動作時間狀語的詞,詞組或從句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚時可以不帶時間狀語。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.【注意】1):IusedtogofishingonSundays.2)“usedto”也可用于表達過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)。例如:Thisriverusedtobeclean.(3)一般將來時的用法1)表達將來的動作或狀態(tài)。例如:Ishallattendthemeetingtomorrow.2)表達將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:HewillgotoseehismothereverySaturdays.3)表達將來的意愿,決心,許諾,命令等時常用will,征求對方意見,主語是第一人稱時,常用shall。Iwilldomybesttocatchupwiththem.ShallIopenthedoor?4)be+going+動詞不定式。也是一種將來時句型,表達打算,計劃,最近或?qū)硪鞯哪呈?。IamgoingtoBeijingnextweek.5)be+動詞不定式。表達有職責(zé),義務(wù),也許,約定,意圖等。Thereistobeameetingthisafternoon.Wearetomeettheguestsatthestation.6)beabout+動詞不定式,表達立即,不久作某事。Theyareabouttoleave.(4)現(xiàn)在進行時的用法1)現(xiàn)在進行時的用法表達說話者說話時正在發(fā)生或者進行的動作,它注重現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作,而不管動作從什么時間開始,到什么時間結(jié)束。What(yī)areyoudoingnow?Iamlookingformykey.2)現(xiàn)在進行時表達目前一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作(但說話時這個動作不一定在進行)。Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexamination.3)某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時可以表達即將發(fā)生的動作,這些動詞有arrive,come,leave,start等。TheyaregoingtoHongKongtomorrow.【注意】有些動詞一般不可以用于進行時態(tài)①表達狀態(tài)的動詞,特別是靜態(tài)動詞,如:be,have②表達結(jié)識、知覺和情感的動詞,如:know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer等。(5)現(xiàn)在完畢時的用法1)現(xiàn)在完畢時表達在說話之前已經(jīng)完畢或剛完畢的動作。Ihaveboughtat(yī)en-speedbicycle.Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom.2)現(xiàn)在完畢時表達動作從過去開始連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或者尚有也許連續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)?,F(xiàn)在完畢時常與for和since引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。Wehavelivedheresince1976.Theyhavewaitedformorethantwohours.【注意】一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完畢時的區(qū)別過去時表達過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情,強調(diào)動作;現(xiàn)在完畢時為過去發(fā)生的,強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響,強調(diào)的是影響;一般過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用。試比較:Isawthisfilmyesterday.(強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了,不涉及現(xiàn)在)Ihaveseenthisfilm.(強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響,電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。)(6)過去進行時的用法表達過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。例如:IwaswatchingTVwhenshecametoseeme.【注意】過去進行時和一般過去時都是過去發(fā)生的事情,但過去進行時側(cè)重表達過去某一時刻正在進行的動作或所處的狀態(tài),強調(diào)動作的連續(xù)進行,而一般過去時則表達單純的過去事實,例如:Theywerebuildingahouselastmonth.(上個月正在建造,建造好與否不知)Theybuiltanewhouselastmonth.(上個月建造好了,動作已經(jīng)完畢)(7)過去完畢時的用法過去完畢時表達過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完畢的動作或所處的狀態(tài),過去完畢時常和by,before等詞組成的短語和從句連用。Wehadalreadylearnedtwothousandwordsbytheendoflastyear.Whenwearrivedatthestation,theyhadwaitedformorethantwentyminutes.(8)過去將來時的用法過去將來時表達從過去某個時間看將要發(fā)生的動作或存在地狀態(tài),過去將來時較多地被運用在賓語從句中。例如:Theyweregoingtohaveameeting.ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestat(yī)ion.2.動詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)有兩種:積極語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為積極語態(tài);主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。(1)被動語態(tài)1)被動語態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是:be+及物動詞過去分詞2)被動語態(tài)中的謂語動詞一定要是及物動詞由于被動句中的主語是動作的承受者,某些短語動詞如lookafter,thinkof,takecareof,workout,laughat等,也可用于被動語態(tài)。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareofbyher.【注意】短語動詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動語態(tài)時不可漏掉。3)積極語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)要加“to”的情況若賓語補足語是不帶to的不定式,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,該不定式前要加“to”。此類動詞為感官動詞,如:feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch等。例如:Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).4)積極形式表達被動意義如wash,clean,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等動詞雖然用做積極形式卻表達被動的意義。例如:Thefoodtastesgood.3.非謂語動詞對非謂語動詞的考點是:感官動詞后不定式作賓語補足語和動詞ing形式作賓語補足語的用法;一些特殊動詞的動詞不定式作賓語補足語時不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時就要帶to;有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動詞ing形式作賓語,但表達的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點。(1)非謂語動詞的形式非謂語動詞指的是在句中起名詞,形容詞或副詞作用的動詞形式,而不是作謂語的動詞形式。動詞的非謂語形式分為動名詞,分詞,動詞不定式。(2)不定式作賓語補足語Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.(3)不定式作目的狀語Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.(4)用不定式和分詞作補足語都可以的動詞這樣的動詞有感官動詞如:see,hear,look,notice,observe,feel等,使役動詞如:have,make,leave,keep,get等。接不定式表達動作的完整性,真實性;+doing表達動作的連續(xù)性,進行性。Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強調(diào)“我看見了”這個事實)昨天我見他正在花園里干活。(5)用不帶to不定式的情況使役動詞如:let,have,make等和感官動詞如:see,watch,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補,省略to。在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。(6)接動名詞與不定式意義不同1)stoptodo停止,中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。2)forgettodo忘掉要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘掉做過某事。(已做)3)remembertodo記得去做某事。(未做)rememberdoing記得做過某事。(已做)4)trytodo努力,企圖做某事。trydoing實驗,試著做某事。5)goontodo做了一件事后,接著做另一件事。goondoing繼續(xù)做本來做的事。6)meantodo打算、想meandoing意味著4.容易混淆的常用動詞的辨析(1)say,speak,talk,tell的用法。1)say表達發(fā)言,作為及物動詞使用,后跟賓語或賓語從句。Hesaidhewouldgothere.It'stimetoleave.Wehavetosaygoodbyetoyou.2)speak表達“發(fā)言”,一般作為不及物動詞使用,而有時作為及物動詞后面跟上各種語言作為賓語。DoyouspeakEnglish?MayIspeaktoMrPope,please?3)talk表達“談話”,是不及物動詞,與to,about,with等連用,才可賓語。Whatareyoutalkingabout?MrJacksonistalkingwithmyfatherintheofficenow.4)tell表達“告訴,講述”是及物動詞,可以帶雙賓語或復(fù)合賓語。Shetoldusaninterestingstoryyesterday.MyteachertoldmethatwewouldhaveanEnglishexamthenextmonth.(2)look,see,watch和watch的用法。1)look強調(diào)“看”這個動作,是不及物動詞,常與at連用,然后接賓語。Look!Thegirlisswimminginthelake.Lookatthepicturecarefully.Canyoufindsomethingunusual?2)see指“看見”某物,強調(diào)的是結(jié)果。Theycan'tseethewordsontheblackboard.DoesLilyoftengotoseeafilmonSunday?3)watch指的是“觀看”,“注視”之意。ThetwinsarewatchingTVnow.Hewillgotowatchavolleyballmat(yī)ch.4)read指“看書”、“看報”、“閱讀”之意。Don'treadinthesun.IliketoreadnewspaperswhenI(lǐng)amfree.(3)borrow,lend和keep的區(qū)別。1)borrow意思為“借入”,經(jīng)常與from連用,是非延續(xù)性動詞,表達瞬間即能完畢的動作。Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibraryjustnow.MayIborrowyourdictionary?2)lend是“借出”之意,經(jīng)常與to連用,同borrow同樣,是非延續(xù)性動詞,只表達瞬間即能完畢的動作。UncleWanyhaslenthiscartoMrLi.Couldyoulendusyourradio,please?3)keep是“保存”的意思,動作可以延續(xù)。Howlongcantherecorderbekept?Thefarmerkeptthepat(yī)fortwoweeks.(4)bring,take,carry和get的用法。1)bring意思為“拿來”、“帶來”。指將某物或某人從別處“帶來”。Bringmethebook,please.MayIbringJimtoseeyounextSaturday?2)take意思是“拿走”,“帶走”,把某物或某人從這里“帶來”或“拿到”某處之意。Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoatwithyou.Mothertookthelittlegirltothenextroom.3)carry是“帶著、搬運、攜帶”的意思,指隨身攜帶,有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的含義,不表白來去的方向。Doyoualwayscarryahandbag?Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarryit?4)get是去某處將某物拿回來。Pleasegotomyofficetogetsomechalk.Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Whynotgetsome?(5)wear,puton和dress的區(qū)別1)wear是“穿著”“戴著”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首飾等,強調(diào)“穿著”的狀態(tài)。Tomalwayswearsblackshoes.Hewearsaraincoatevenwhenitisfine.Shedoesn'tliketoweararedflowersinherhair.2)puton是“穿上”“戴上”的意思,可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。著重于穿戴的動作。It'scold.You'dbetterputonyourcoat.Heputonhishat(yī)andwentoutoftheroom.3)。Shealwaysdresseswell.Getupanddressquickly.Maryisdressingherchild.(6)take,spend和use的用法。1)take指做某事用多少時間,句型是:Ittakes/took/willtake+sb.+sometime+todosth.Ittookmethreedaystofinishthework.Itwilltakeyouawhileweektthoughttheforest.IttakesonlyonehourtoflytoShanghai.2)spend指某人在某事(物)上花費時間或錢。句型是:Someonespends+money/time+onsomething(in)doingsth.Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoat.Hedidn'tspendmuchtimeonhislessons.Hespentmuchtime(in)correctingstudents'exercises.Motherspentherevenings(in)washingclothes.3)use表達使用工具、手段等。Doyouknowhowtousethecomputer?Shallweuseyourcar?(7)reach,get和arrive的區(qū)別。1)reach是及物動詞,后面要直接跟表達地點的名詞作賓語。Afterthetrainhadleft,theyreachedthestationWereachedthetopofthemountainatlast.2)get是不及動詞,常與to連用,再接名詞,后面接表達地點的副詞時,不用to,getto常用于口語中。Whenthestudentsgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.Mysisterwascookingwhenmothergothome.3)arrive是不及物動詞,表達成達一個小地方時,用arriveat,到達一個大地方時用arrivein。ThesoldiersarrivedatasmallvillageTheforeignerswillarriveinShanghaitomorrow.【演練】1.Listen!Someofthegirls________aboutHarryPotter.Let’sjointhem.A.aretalkingB.talkC.willtalkD.talked2.Ourteacher,MissChen,________Englishontheradiothedaybeforeyesterday.A.teachesB.taughtC.willteachD.hadtaught3.Idon’tthinkI_________youinthatdressbefore.A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.sawD.see4.Susan’sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.It_______beveryexpensive.A.mustB.canC.mustn’tD.can’t5.Coffeeisready.Howniceit________?。護uldyoulikesome?A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.feels6.“Mr.Zhu,you’dbetter_______toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight,”saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat(yī)7.“Don’talwaysmakeMichael________thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear,”Mr.Bushsaidtohiswife.A.doB.todoC.doesD.did8.Sorry,Ican’thearyouclearly.Willyouplease________yourE-mailaddress?I’llwriteitdown.A.reviewB.reciteC.reportD.repeat9.Don’t________yourcoat,Tom!It’seasytocat(yī)chcoldinspring.A.takeawayB.takeoffC.takedownD.takeout10.You_______goandaskMeimei.She_______knowtheanswer.A.must;canB.must;mayC.need;canD.can;may11.I’msorryyou’vemissedthetrain.It________10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleft12.Iboughtanewdictionaryandit________me30yuan.A.paidB.spentC.tookD.cost13.---Mum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball?_______you_______yourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finishB.Are;finishingC.Did;finishingD.Have;finished14.Ihavetogonow.Pleaserememberto________thelightswhenyouleave.A.turnoffB.turndownC.turnupD.turnon15.AtalkonChinesehistory________intheschoolnextweek.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgive16.Look!Howheavytherainis!You’dbetter________.A.don’tgonowB.stayherewhenitstopsC.notleaveuntilitstopsD.nottoleaveatonce17.Youmaygofishingifyourwork________.A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedone18.Cotton_______niceandsoft.A.isfeltB.isfeelingC.feelD.feels19.---Whocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick?---John_________.A.cleanedB.doesC.didD.is20.---Lindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,_______?No.Shegotuptoolat(yī)e.A.hadsheB.hadn’tsheC.didsheD.didn’tshe【練習(xí)答案】1.A2.B3.A4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.B10.D11.A12.D13.D14.A15.C16.C17.A18.D19.C20.C專題四:數(shù)詞、冠詞考點集匯,講解和訓(xùn)練一.冠詞的用法冠詞是虛詞,放在名詞之前,用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。A(an)叫不定冠詞,the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前,an用在元音之前。1.不定冠詞的用法(1)a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前,表達某一類人或事物。例如:Johnisastudent.MaryisanEnglishteacher.(2)指某一類人或事物中的任何一個。例如:Asteelworkermakessteel.Passmeanapple,please.(3)指某人或某物,但不具體說明何人或和物。例如:Astudentwantstoseeyou.Agirliswaitingforyououtside.(4)表達“每一”的意思,相稱于every。例如:Takethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek.2.定冠詞用法(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如:ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.(2)指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如:Openthedoor,please.Jackisinthelibrary.(3)上文提到過的人或事物。例如:YesterdayJohn’sfatherboughthimanewbike.Thebikecosthim200yuan.(4)表達世界上獨一無二的事物。例如:Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.(5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級之前。例如:ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.(6)用在某些形容詞之前,表達某一類人或事物。例如:Thenurseiskindtothesick.Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.(7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語中。例如:theGreat(yī)Wall,theSummerpalace,inthemorning,intheopenair等。(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前,表達“某某一家人”,“某某夫婦”。例如:theBrowns,thewhites等。3.不用冠詞的情況(1)某些專有名詞,抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如:China,Canada,Japanese,glass,water,love等。(2)名詞前已有作定語用的this,that(yī),my,your,whose,some,any,no,each,every等代詞時,不用冠詞。例如:Thatismycap.Ihavesomequestions.Godownthisstreet.(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表達一類人或事物時,不用冠詞。Theyareworkers.Wearestudents.(4)稱呼語前不用冠詞,表達頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如:Idon’tfeelwelltoday,Mother.BushwasmadepresidentoftheU.S.(5)三餐飯的名稱前,球類活動,學(xué)科和節(jié)目名詞前,常不用冠詞。例如:Ihavelunchathome.Heoftenplaysfootballafterclass.WehaveEnglishandmathseveryday.(6)在某些固定詞組里,名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如:Byair,atnight,athome,gotobed,gotoschool,onfoot,frommorningtillnight等。二.數(shù)詞的用法數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?;鶖?shù)詞表達數(shù)目,序數(shù)詞表達順序。1.基數(shù)詞的用法(1)基數(shù)詞在句中重要用作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語,例如:ThirtyofthemarePartymembers.(主語)---Howmanywouldyoulike?---Three,please.(作賓語)?ThenineboysarefromTianjing.(定語)?Sixplusfouristen.(表語)?Wefourwillgowithyou.(同位語)

(2)表達一個具體數(shù)字時,hundred,thousand,million一律不用復(fù)數(shù);在表達一個不擬定數(shù)字時則用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Ourcountryhasapopulat(yī)ionof1,300millionpeople.Therearethreethousandstudentsinourschool.Afterthewar,thousandsofpeoplebecamehomeless.Maizeisthemostimportantfoodcropformillionsofpeopleintheworld.Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.(3)表達“……十”的數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可用來表達人的歲數(shù)或年代,例如:Heisinhisearlythirties.Hediedstillinhisforties.Thistookplaceinthe1930s.(4)表達時刻用基數(shù)詞。例如:Wegetupatsix.Theworkersbeginworkateight.(5)表達“幾點過幾分”,用介詞past,但須在半小時以內(nèi)。例如:tenpastten,aquarterpastnine,halfpasttwelve(6)表達“幾點差幾分”用介詞to,但分數(shù)須在半小時以上。例如:twentytonine,fivetoeight,aquartertoten(7)表達“幾點幾分”還可直接用基數(shù)詞。例如:sevenfifteen,eleventhirty,ninetwenty2.序數(shù)詞的用法(1)序數(shù)詞重要用作定語,前面要加定冠詞,例如:Thefirsttruckiscarryingafootbaskets.

Johnlivesonthefifteenthfloor.(2)序數(shù)詞有時前面可加不定冠詞來表達“再一”,“又一”這樣的意思,例如:We'llhavetodoitasecondtime.ShallIaskhimathirdtime??WhenIsatdown,afourthmanrosetospeak.(3)由幾個序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞在拼寫時不相應(yīng),很容易寫錯,應(yīng)特別注意。它們是:one---first,twosecond,three---third,five---fifth,eight---eighth,nine---ninth,twelvetwelfth。(4)表達年,月,日時,年用基數(shù)詞表達,日用序數(shù)詞表達。例如:1949年十月一日讀作:October(the)first,nineteensixty2023年九月十日讀作:September(the)tenth,twothousandandfour(5)表達分數(shù)時,分子用基數(shù)詞表達,分母用序數(shù)詞表達。分子大于1時,分母加-s。例如:threefourths,onesecond,twofifths(6)序數(shù)詞有時用縮寫形式:

first→1st

second→2nd

third→3rd

fourth→4th

twenty-second→22nd【演練】1.ThismorningIhad________eggandabottleofmilkformybreakfast.A.anB.a(chǎn)C.theD./2.---What’sthematterwithyou?---Icaught________badcoldandhadtostayin________.A.a;/B.a;theC.a;aD.the;the3.---Haveyouseen_______pen?Ileftitherethismorning.Isit________blackone?IthinkIsawitsomewhere.A.a;theB.the;theC.the;aD.a;a4._______sunisshiningbrightly.A.AB.AnC.TheD./5.Thereis_______“h”inthewordhour.A.aB.theC.a(chǎn)nD./6.DidyouenjoyyourstayinXian?Yes.Ihad_______wonderfultime.A.aB.anC.theD./7.______sunisbiggerthan_______earth.A.A;theB.A;anC.The;anD.The;the8.Thereis_______appleandsomepearsonthetable.A.theB./C.aD.an9.Davidhas_______cat.It’sverynice.A.a(chǎn)B.anC.theD./10.I’mreading_______novel.Itis_______interestingstory.A.a;anB.a;aC.the;theD./;an11.ItissaidthatSARShaskilledmorethan________peopleworldwide.A.threehundredsB.threehundreds’C.threehundred’sD.threehundred12.---Howmanyworkersarethereinyourfactory?---Therearetwo__________.A.hundredsB.hundredC.hundredofD.hundredsof13.Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?---_____________

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