工作安全分析及工作安全觀察JSAJSOtrainingcn

JOBSAFETYANALYSIS&

JOBSAFETYOBSERVATION

工作安全分析及工作安全觀察

byFrankFan

Health,Safety&EnvironmentVicePresidentOct.13,2011WhyShouldWeFocusonBehaviorstoReduceInjuries?

為什么重視行為來(lái)降低意外事故之發(fā)生At-RiskBehaviorNearMissMinorInjurySeriousInjuryFatalityREACTIVEPROACTIVESESSIONOUTLINEJSAIntroduction&Procedure工作安全分析介紹及程序JSAWorkshop工作安全分析討論JSOIntroduction&Procedure工作安全觀察介紹及程序FeedbackonJSO工作安全觀察的反饋ExercisewithVideo/PhotosTHESAFETYTRIANGLE安全三角形ENGINEERING工程RULES,PROCEDURES,TRAINING規(guī)則、程序、訓(xùn)練

BEHAVIOR行為JOBSAFETYANALYSISDefinition:Amethodofbreakingajobdownintospecificstepsortasks,identifyinghazardsassociatedwitheachstepanddeterminingtheactionstobetakeninordertopreventanincident.將工作細(xì)分為各步驟及任務(wù)，確認(rèn)每一步驟有關(guān)之危害，并決定避免發(fā)生意外應(yīng)采取之行動(dòng)（預(yù)防措施）Requirement:Locationdepartmentmanagers,inconjunctionwiththeirareasupervision,shoulddeterminewhichJSA’seachareawillbecompleted.部門主管及各級(jí)主管決定該部門應(yīng)進(jìn)行工作安全分析之工序JSAPriority優(yōu)先順序Newjobsthatinvolvehazardouswork,thepotentialforanincidentormayinvolvepotentialenvironmentalimpacts.新工作流程涉及危害作業(yè)或潛在環(huán)境影響Revisedtasksinvolvinghazardousworkorpotentialenvironmentalimpacts.修訂的涉及危害作業(yè)者或潛在環(huán)境影響Thosejobsresultinginpastincidentsornearmissesthroughouttheindustry.業(yè)界曾發(fā)生意外事件或近似意外事件之工作Thosejobsrepresentingagreaterpotentialforanincident.有較高的發(fā)生意外事件可能之工作Otheridentifiedhazardousworks其他危險(xiǎn)工作ProcedureforPerformingaJSA執(zhí)行工作安全分析IdentifytheStepsofJob鑒定一項(xiàng)工作之各個(gè)程序EstablishtheSteps建立各個(gè)工作步驟Observethejobtoidentifythehazardandtheirclauses觀察分析的工作以鑒定危害性及原因EstablishingtheSteps建立各個(gè)工作步驟Describewhatisdoneusingavailableprocedures.描述采用什么工作程序Mostjobscanbebrokenintotwelve(12)stepsorless.大部分工作可以區(qū)分為12個(gè)或更少之步驟Shouldnotbetoodetailedortoobroad.不應(yīng)該太詳細(xì)或太籠統(tǒng)Reviewwithoperatortomakesurethestepsareintheproperorder.和操作人員一同討論，以確認(rèn)正確之工作順序ListStepsonJSAWorksheet在JSA工作表上列出工作步驟ObservingtheJobtoIdentifyHazardsandTheirCauses觀察分析的工作以鑒定其危害性及原因Selectanemployeetoobserve.選定一位同仁進(jìn)行觀察Discusswiththeselectedemployee與該選定的同仁一同討論Identifythematerials,tools,equipment,chemicals,andprotectiveapparatusassociatedwitheachstep.鑒定各個(gè)步驟之物料、工具、設(shè)備、化學(xué)品及防護(hù)裝置Identifythepotentialhazardsorincidents確認(rèn)潛在的危害或事故Developsolutionstoeliminatethecausesofthepotentialincidents.發(fā)展減低潛在意外事故原因之對(duì)策ControllingtheHazardsandRisks

控制危害及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Listtheprecautionstakentoavoidthepotentialhazard:Jobchangesolution改變工作之解決方案:Isthereanentirelydifferentorbetterwayofdoingthejob?是否有完全不同或者是更好的工作方式？Identifytheobjectivesofthejob.確認(rèn)工作之目標(biāo)Considerdifferenttools,materials,equipment,andmethods.考量不同的工具、材料、設(shè)備及方式Reducedorincreasedfrequency減低或增加頻率:Goodforcleaningandrepairtypesofjobs.良好清理和維修工作型態(tài)Solution,instructionsandnewstepslistedontheJSAworksheet.JSA工作表所列的對(duì)策、指引和新步驟SubmittingtheJSA提交工作安全分析Checkthecontrols確認(rèn)管制措施：Willcontrolspreventthepotentialhazardfromoccurring?管制措施是否可避免潛在危害之發(fā)生？Reviewcontrolswiththeemployeeobservedandareasupervision.與被觀察之員工及該區(qū)域主管檢討管制措施。FinalizetheJSA工作安全分析(JSA)之定稿:Jobstepsproperlyidentified.

Listedinchronologicalorder.Identifiedtools,equipment,materials,andprotectivegear.確認(rèn)工具、設(shè)備、物料及防護(hù)裝置Allpotentialhazardsdeveloped,checkedandaddressed.所有潛在危害之發(fā)覺(jué)、檢查及標(biāo)明Reviewwithallaffectedemployees.與所有受影響員工來(lái)探討SubmittheJSAtoareamanagement&HSEleader提交JSA給廠長(zhǎng)及環(huán)安衛(wèi)人員。JSAWorkshopInitialbylineemployee,reviewbysupervisorandHSE

練習(xí)Purpose目的:Evaluateconformancetoestablishedworkinstructionsorproceduresforaspecifictask評(píng)估已建立的工作指導(dǎo)書或程序的執(zhí)行狀況Evaluatetheadequacyoftheproceduretoprotecttheemployee對(duì)保護(hù)員工而言，評(píng)估工作程序的適當(dāng)性Identifyadditionalconditions/hazardsthatmayexistinperformingthetask識(shí)別在執(zhí)行工作時(shí)，可能存在額外的狀況或危害Providereinforcementforsafebehaviors,compliancewithprocedures對(duì)安全行為及遵守程序進(jìn)行正面鼓勵(lì)及強(qiáng)化JobSafetyObservation工作安全觀察JobSafetyObservation工作安全觀察Procedure:程序SelectataskfortheJSO選擇要進(jìn)行工作安全觀察的工作ReviewtheJSAorworkinstructionforthetask檢討該工作的工作安全分析（已建立）或工作程序書Performtheobservation進(jìn)行觀察Evaluateandprovidefeedback評(píng)估并進(jìn)行反饋Documentresults記錄觀察的結(jié)果Focusonthetaskperformed,notonthepeople’sperformance/compliance觀察針對(duì)工作的進(jìn)行，而非對(duì)人員進(jìn)行考核及懲處之依據(jù)?。eviewJSAorworkinstruction審核工作安全分析或工作指導(dǎo)書

PPErequirements正確地使用個(gè)人防護(hù)具？Toolrequirements是否正確使用工具？Identifiedhazards,warnings,cautions識(shí)別危害、警告及注意事項(xiàng)Stepsassociatedwiththetask執(zhí)行工作的步驟IfnospecificJSAorworkinstructionisavailable,discussprocedurewithemployeebrieflybeforebeginningobservation如果沒(méi)有JSA或工作程序，在觀察前與進(jìn)行工作的員工討論工作流程PerformtheObservation

進(jìn)行觀察Makesuretheemployeeunderstandswhatyouaredoing確認(rèn)員工知道你在進(jìn)行工作安全觀察Makesureyoustayoutoftheway確認(rèn)自己的安全防護(hù) (don’tstandnexttotheHFhandlingwhentheemployeehastobeinchemicalgoggles,faceshieldandchemicalresistantclothes)

PerformtheObservationChecking:進(jìn)行觀察時(shí)檢查

PPEuseandconditionofPPE個(gè)人防護(hù)具的使用及狀況Presenceandconditionofsafetyequipmentasneeded(e.g.safetyguard)所需安全裝備的狀況(如安全護(hù)圍)Tooluseandcondition工具的使用和狀況Handlingofhazardouschemicals危險(xiǎn)化學(xué)品的操作Performingstepsintheproperorder正確的工作進(jìn)行順序Performingalltasksteps執(zhí)行所有工作步驟Potentialexposuressuchas:以下的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Strikeagainstorbestruckbyanobject被物品撞到或撞擊Caughtbetweenobjects被物品鉤住或夾住Over-exertionorstrains過(guò)度施力或扭傷Workpaceandposition,bending,twisting&

ergonomicsissues工作步調(diào)、位置、彎曲、扭傷及人體功效等Slips/trips/falls滑倒/跌