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連詞ByMelody

連詞是一種虛詞,它不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任句子成分。用來連接詞,短語,從句與句子。連詞主要可分為兩類:并列連詞從屬連詞連詞

表示詞,短語,從句或句子之間具有并列關(guān)系。可以表示平行關(guān)系,轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,選擇關(guān)系和因果關(guān)系。并列連詞and和;與;及;同;并

Timeandtidewaitfornoman.時(shí)不我待。(and表示并列)

Everythingoughttobebeautifulinahumanbeing:face,anddress,andsoul,andideas.

(2)and然后;接著

Theyshookhandsandbegantotalkatonce.

Hecameandsatdownandspoketome.(3)and而且;還;又

Iknowthathehasbeenarrestedandthatheisinprison.

Shuteishealthyandhandsome.

(4)and那么;則

Comeearlyandyouwillseehim.

Tryagainandyouwillsucceed.

1.and

(1)but但是;可是;然而

Shewantstogotocollegebutherparentswanthertogetmarried.

Thecarisveryoldbutingoodcondition.

(2)but(用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)后)而(是)not…but…

Virtuedwellsnotinthetonguebutintheheart.看人看心不看嘴。

Hedidn’tcometohelp,buttohinderus.

他不是來幫忙,而是來阻礙我們的。

2.but

(1)or或;或者;還是

Hemustbemadordrunk.

(2)or否則;要不然

Bequick,oritmaybetoolate.

Donotmove,oryouareadeadman.不要?jiǎng)?,不然要你的命?/p>

(3)or(用于否定句)也不

Heneversmokesordrinks.

3.or

Hurryup,orelseyou’llmissthelastbus.

Let’sgetmoving,orelsewe’llmissthetrain.

4.orelse否則;要不然5.for

因?yàn)?;由于……的緣?/p>

Sangerhastostayuptonight,forthereisalotofhomeworktodo.

Thetwobrothersdecidedtoleaveatdawn,fortheyhadmanymilestocover.

6.so

因此;所以

Itbegantorain,sowewenthome.

Everybodylentahand,sothetaskwasdoneontime.

7.whereas

然而;但是;盡管

Somepeoplelikefatmeat,whereasothershateit.

Sheisdiligent,whereasheislazy.

8.aswellas

除……之外;既……又;與……一樣;和

OnSundays,hislandladyprovideddinneraswellasbreakfast.

Hikingisgoodexerciseaswellasfun.

Intheoryaswellasinpractice,theideaisunsound.

Hewouldliketogoaswellasyou.

9.aswell(也,而且,)用于句末.Aretheycomingaswell?Heisascientist,butheisapoetaswell.Heisascientistaswellasapoet.

和……(兩者)都;不僅……而且;既……又

BothMaryandPeterarewashingthedishes.

Marybothwashesthedishesanddriesthem.

10.both...and...不但……而且……

Heplaysnotonlythepiano,butalsotheviolin.

HecanspeaknotonlyEnglish,butalsoFrench.

11.notonly...butalso...或……或……;要么……要么……;不是……就是……

Eithercomeinorgoout.

Heiseitherdrunkormad.

Thecriminalrefusedtoeitherspeakoreat.

12.either...or..既不……也不……;……和……都不

NeitherMarynorTomcametoourpartyyesterday.

Heneitherdrinksnoreatsmeat.13.neither...nor...注意1.由or,either…or,neither…nor,not…but…,notonly…butalso等連接的并列成分作主語時(shí),其謂語通常要與靠近的主語保持一致。HeorIaminthewrong.Neitheryounorheistired.

NotyoubutIamtoblame.Eithermyfatherormybrothersarecoming.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisenjoyingthefilm.2.當(dāng)用作主語的成分后面跟有由but,except,besides,including,like,with,aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,inadditionto,combinedwith,ratherthan,togetherwith等引出的短語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上要與這些結(jié)構(gòu)前面的主語保持一致(即與比較遠(yuǎn)的那個(gè)主語保持一致,簡(jiǎn)稱“就遠(yuǎn)原則”)。Everybodyexceptyouisdownonme.

Awomanwithtwochildrenhascome.

John,ratherthanhisroommates,istoblame.Jim,togetherwithhisclassmates,hasseenthefilm.

Myfather,nolessthanI,isabase-ballfan.Theson,aswellashisparents,wantstogothere.Theteacher,aswellasthestudents,isinterestedintheactivity.

practice()1MyauntaskswhetherIlikeawoolensweater___acottonone.

A.butB.orC.andD.not

()2EitherMary___Lucytoldhimtocometoseeus.

A.orB.andC.withD.nor

()3Hurryup,____we'llbelateforthefilm.

A.andB.butC.soD.or

()4Bequick,____we'llbelate.

A.andB.orC.butD.so

()5Werantothetrees,___wecouldn'tseeanymoremonkeys.

A.butB.soC.andD.for

1.NotonlyhebutalsoI

invitedisB.areC.amD.be2.Oneorperhapsmorepages_____missing.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen3.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,____tohelpinthiswork.A.wassentB.weresentC.issendingD.aresending4.Thepolice____theblackinwinter.A.wearsB.wearC.putonD.putson5.Thenumberofstudentsthatyouhavemet____thelifeoftheteam.A.areB.isC.wereD.be6.Theworkerandwriter_____fromWuhanA.areB.isC.wereD.be從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)連接主句和從句的連詞。分為引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞和引導(dǎo)狀語從句的連詞。

when,while,as,whenever

表示“當(dāng)…時(shí)候”或“每當(dāng)”Hejumpedupwhenthephonerang.Welistenedwhiletheteacherread.ThephonerangjustasIwasleaving.(2)before,after

表示“在…之前(或之后)”Turnthelightsoffbeforeyouleave.Hestartedthejobsoonafterhelefttheuniversity.1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞(3)表示“自從”或“直到”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有since,until,till:Hehaslivedheresincehegotmarried.Mostmenworkeduntil[till]they’re65.(4)表示“一…就”的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有assoonas,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,nosooner…than,hardly…when等:Tellhimthenewsassoonasyouseehim.Irecognizedherthemoment(that)Isawher.Iwanttoseehimtheminute(that)hearrives.IwenthomedirectlyIhadfinishedwork.Oncehearrives,wecanstart.(5)表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的時(shí)間連詞。主要的有everytime(每次),eachtime(每次),(the)nexttime(下次),anytime(隨時(shí)),(the)lasttime(上次),thefirsttime(第一次):LasttimeIsawhim,helookedill.

Nexttimeyou’reinLondoncomeandvisitus.

Dolookmeupnexttimeyou’reinLondon.EverytimeIcallonhim,heisout.Youcancallmeanytimeyouwantto.2.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的從屬連詞這類連詞主要有if,unless,as[so]longas,incase等:IfanyonecallstellthemI’mnotathome.Youwillfailunlessyouworkhard.As[So]longasyouneedme,I’llstay.IncaseIforget,pleaseremindmeaboutit.3.引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有inorderthat,sothat,incase,forfearthat等:Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.

Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.Bequietincaseyoushouldwakethebaby.Heisworkinghardforfearthatheshouldfail.4.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有sothat,so…that,such…that等:We’reallherenow,sothatthemeetingcanbeginatlast.It’ssodifficultaquestionthatnoneofuscananswerit.Heshutthewindowwithsuchforcethattheglassbroke.5.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有because,as,since,seeing(that),now(that),considering(that)等:

Hecouldn’tgottoschoolbecausehehadacold.Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourdiscussion.Seeingthatitis8o’clock,we’llwaitnolonger.Nowthatyouarehere,you’dbetterstay.6.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有although,though,eventhough,evenif,while,however,whatever,whoever,whenever,wherever等:Although[Though]heispoor,heiswellcontented.Though[Eventhough]it’shardwork,Ienjoyit.Evenifyoudon’tlikewine,tryaglassofthis.Whilewedon’tagreewecontinuetobefriends.Howeveryouuseit,itwon’tbreak.7.引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有as,like,asif,asthough,theway等:Doitas[like]hedoes.Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.TheytreatmeasthoughIwereastranger.8.引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有where,wherever,everywhere等:TherewerelotsofparkswhereIlived.Sitwhereveryoulike.Everywheretheywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.9.引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞主要的有than和as…as:It’seasierthanIthought.Theyareasoftenwrongastheyareright.10.引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的從屬連詞主要的有that,if,whether:Itisclearenoughwhathemeant.Yourgreatestfaultisthatyouarecareless.Whetheritwilldousharmremainstobeseen.Shedidn’tsayifhewasstillalive.注意1、特殊并列連詞while\when

【例1】Ihadjuststeppedoutofthebathroomandwasbusilydryingmyselfwithatowel____Iheardthesteps.

A.whileB.when

C.since

D.a(chǎn)fter

【例2】I’dliketostudylawatuniversitymy____cousinprefersgeography.

A.though

B.a(chǎn)s

C.while

D.for

二者區(qū)別是:while“正在….”,還可表兩相對(duì)照;when表突然、在那時(shí),常見于beabouttodo...when和Hardly...when等句型中。

whether和if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,表示“是否”,在口語或間接引語中兩者可以互換使用。Iwonderif/whetherIcangetsomeadvicefromyou.2.if和whether的區(qū)別

但在有些情況下,whether和if的用法有一定區(qū)別。

1).whether引導(dǎo)的從句??梢耘c連詞or或ornot直接連用,而if一般不能。Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.2).當(dāng)賓語從句提到句首時(shí),只能用whether引導(dǎo),而不能用if。Whetheritistrueornot,Ican’ttell.3).whether可以引導(dǎo)帶to的不定式,if則不能。Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.4).whether及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放于介詞之后,作介詞的賓語,但if不能。IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.5).whether可以引導(dǎo)從句,作主語、表語或同位語,而if不能。

Itwasuncertainwhetherhewouldcome.

HisfirstquestionwaswhetherTomhadarrivedyet.practiceHurryup,Jack.Wehavetogettothestationbefore11:45_____wecancatchthe12:00train.

A.since

B.after

C.assoonasD.sothat

2.You'lldomuchbetter_____you'remorecarefulwithyourspelling.

A

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