高中英語(yǔ)人教版1Greatscientists 市獲獎(jiǎng)

GreatScientistsUnit1Book5一．Words：1.characteristicn.特征；特性charactern.性格，特點(diǎn)，角色2.paintern.畫家；油漆匠paintv.繪畫3.scientificadj.科學(xué)的sciencen.科學(xué)scientistn.科學(xué)家4.concludevt.&vi.結(jié)束；推斷出conclusionn.結(jié)束；結(jié)論5.analysevt.分析analysisn.分析6.infectvt.傳染；感染infectiousadj.傳染的7.defeat[di'fi:t]vt.打敗；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗beatv.跳動(dòng)，打敗，敲打winv.贏得8.attendv．出席，參加；照顧join,joinin,takepartin參加9.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光exposedadj.無(wú)遮蔽的；無(wú)保護(hù)的；風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高的10.deadlyadj.致命的diev.deathn.deadadj.friendlyadj.11.challengen．&vt.挑戰(zhàn)challengingadj.困難的；挑戰(zhàn)性的12.absorbv．吸收；使專心absorbedadj.專心的，全神貫注的13.severeadj.嚴(yán)重的；劇烈的；嚴(yán)厲的seriousadj.嚴(yán)肅的，嚴(yán)重的，認(rèn)真的14.pollutevt.污染；弄臟pollutedadj.受污染的pollutionn.污染15.announcevt.宣布；通告announcementn.通知；宣告makeanannouncement宣布16.instructvt.命令;指示;教導(dǎo)instructionn.指示;教導(dǎo)instructionsn.用法;說(shuō)明;操作指南17.responsibleadj.有責(zé)任的，負(fù)責(zé)的responsibilityn.責(zé)任18.constructvt.建設(shè)；修建constructionn．建設(shè)；建筑物buildv.建筑contributevt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助contributionn.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助20.creativeadj.有創(chuàng)造力的createv.創(chuàng)造21.positiveadj.積極的negativeadj.消極的，否認(rèn)的22.movementn.移動(dòng)，運(yùn)動(dòng)movev.移動(dòng)23.enthusiasticadj.熱情的enthusiasmn.熱情24.cautionn.小心；謹(jǐn)慎cautiousadj.小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的carefuladj.小心的，細(xì)心的25.rejectvt.拒絕；不接受；拋棄rejectionn.拒絕；拋棄refusev．拒絕denyv．婉言謝絕26.universen.宇宙universaladj.普遍的；宇宙的二．Phrases1.putforward提出putoff推遲putupwith忍受2.attendto照顧,護(hù)理attendthemeeting出席會(huì)議3.curesb.ofsth治愈某人某種疾病acurefor…治療…法(藥)4.challengesb.todosth.向某人挑戰(zhàn)做…challengesb.tosth.就某事向某人挑戰(zhàn)5.beabsorbedin全神貫注于=concentrateon6.suspectsb.ofsth懷疑某人做某事suspectthat…7.blamesb.forsth.為某事責(zé)怪某人blamesth.onsb.把某事歸咎于某人linksthto把…與…連接起來(lái),使…有聯(lián)系connect...with...把…和…聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)belinkedto...和…有關(guān)9.instructsbtodosth命令某人做某事instructsbinsth在某方面教導(dǎo)某人10.bestrictwithsb.對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求bestrictinsth.對(duì)某事嚴(yán)格要求11.leadto造成,導(dǎo)致,通向12.makesense講得通,有意義makesenseof了解…的意義,理解13.putsth.inorder按…順序來(lái)整理14.drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論15.ofone’sday在某人的那個(gè)時(shí)期16.expose…to使顯露,暴露17.apartfrom除…之外18.becautiousabout/of…對(duì)…小心謹(jǐn)慎withcaution小心謹(jǐn)慎beseverewithsb.對(duì)…嚴(yán)厲bestrictwith對(duì)...嚴(yán)格的20.liftup舉起21.lookinto調(diào)查22.bedeterminedtodosth決心/決定做某事23.makeinvestigations進(jìn)行調(diào)查24.takein吸收,欺騙25.cometoanend結(jié)束26.punishsbforsth.因某事懲罰某人27.attimes時(shí)而,不時(shí)28.befor/against支持/反對(duì)29.alinkbetween…and…與…間的聯(lián)系/關(guān)聯(lián)30.pointofview觀點(diǎn)31.holddiscussions進(jìn)行討論32.toone’ssurprise使某人感到驚奇的是33.believein信任,信仰,相信34.preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事35.inone’shonor/inhonorofsb.為了紀(jì)念某人三.LanguagePoints1.concludevt.&vi.斷定，推斷出；結(jié)束，終止；達(dá)成，締結(jié)conclusionn.結(jié)論；結(jié)束(1)concludesth.eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(withsth.,bydoingsth.))以……結(jié)束(2)concludesth.(fromsth.)that...(從……)推斷出，斷定(3)draw/reach/arriveat/cometoaconclusion得出結(jié)論cometotheconclusionthat...所得結(jié)論是……inconclusion最后jumptoconclusions草率地下結(jié)論補(bǔ)充句子：①Heconcludedhisspeechwithafamoussaying：Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”結(jié)束他的演講。②Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion.我們將作進(jìn)一步的討論，然后再作出最終結(jié)論。③Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldbeawareoftherealsituationofwatershortage.總之，全世界的人們都應(yīng)該意識(shí)到水資源短缺的真實(shí)現(xiàn)狀。(福建書面表達(dá))=4\*GB3④Janeconcludedfromthevoiceonthephonethathermotherisnotsatisfiedwithhertestscores.簡(jiǎn)根據(jù)電話中的聲音斷定她母親對(duì)她的考試成績(jī)不滿意。2.defeatvt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫n.失敗補(bǔ)充句子：①Factsshowedthatonlywhentheyunitedcouldtheydefeatthestrongenemies.事實(shí)證明只有他們團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)才能擊敗強(qiáng)大的敵人。=2\*GB3②Asisexpected，ourbaseballteamhassufferedanotherdefeat.正如所預(yù)料的一樣，我們的棒球隊(duì)再次失敗了。[辨析]defeat，beat，windefeat，beatdefeat和beat是同義詞，其賓語(yǔ)為“人”或“一個(gè)團(tuán)體”，常可互換。defeat側(cè)重在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上打敗敵人。beat常用于游戲或比賽中。winwin后接sth.，表示在較強(qiáng)的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中取得了勝利，賓語(yǔ)多用game，war，prize等詞，不能是人；win也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“贏，獲勝”。用defeat，beat，win的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Havingbeendefeatedtwicethisyear，wewon’tgiveitup.(2)Nodifficultycoulddefeatthisbravemansinceheissoconfidentandcapable.(3)Listen!Therainisbeatingagainstthewindow.(4)Whodoyouthinkwillwinthebeautycontest?(5)Icanbeat/defeatyouatswimming.3.attendv．出席,參加；處理,對(duì)付；照料,護(hù)理attendancen.出席，參加；上學(xué)；到場(chǎng)attendantn.服務(wù)員，侍者，侍從，隨從；護(hù)理者(1)attendalecture/ameeting/aconference/school/class聽講座/出席會(huì)議/上學(xué)/上課(2)attendto處理；照顧attendon/uponsb.伺候/照顧某人翻譯句子：=1\*GB3①他明天要參加一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。He'll

attend

an

important

meeting

tomorrow.

=2\*GB3②每當(dāng)我出國(guó)回到公司時(shí)，我總有很多事情要處理。IalwayshavesomanythingstoattendtowhenIcomebacktothecompanyafteratripabroad.易混辨析attend，join，takepartin，joinin這些動(dòng)詞或詞組均含“參加，加入”之意。attend側(cè)重參加或出席會(huì)議或?qū)W術(shù)活動(dòng)等。join普通用詞，指加入黨派、團(tuán)體或游戲活動(dòng)等。takepartin側(cè)重參加某項(xiàng)群眾性、集體性的事業(yè)、工作或活動(dòng)，突出參加者在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。joinin后接活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)與他人一起參與某一活動(dòng)。4.exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面臨Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.(教材P3)自來(lái)水公司接到指示：不得使人們?cè)偈芪鬯挠绊憽?1)expose...to...使…顯露/暴露于…(be)exposedto...暴露于……；處于……危險(xiǎn)中(2)exposesth.tosb.向某人揭發(fā)某事(3)exposesb.tosth.使某人接觸到某物;使某人面臨遭受某事補(bǔ)充句子：①Andthemorebirdsareexposedtolight,themoreactivetheyareatnight.并且鳥暴露在光線中時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，它們晚上就越活躍。(2023·高考川卷·閱讀)②Thefactthatchildrenareexposedtotoomanyviolentonlinegamesworriesparentsnowadaysaswellasthesociety.孩子們接觸到太多的暴力網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲,這一事實(shí)使現(xiàn)在的家長(zhǎng)以及社會(huì)尤為擔(dān)心。=3\*GB3③ThemoreoneisexposedtotheEnglish-speakingenvironment，thebetterheorshewilllearnthelanguage.一個(gè)人越多接觸說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的環(huán)境就越能學(xué)好這門外語(yǔ)。=4\*GB3④Itisreportedthatheexposedthetruthofthemilkpoisoningincidenttothepublic.據(jù)報(bào)道他向公眾揭露了毒奶粉事件的真相。5.absorbvt.吸收;吸引;使專心;并入,吞并;理解,掌握absorbedadj.專心致志的；全神貫注的Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二種看法表明人們是在吃飯時(shí)把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。(教材P2)(1)absorbone’sattention吸引某人的注意力(2)beabsorbedin專心于……；全神貫注于；熱衷于……(3)beabsorbedby/into被……吞并；為……所吸收補(bǔ)充句子：=1\*GB3①Tomwassoabsorbedinhisworkthatheforgotfoodandsleep.=2\*GB3②Absorbedinhiswork,Tomforgottoinformherofit.(改成分詞作狀語(yǔ))湯姆專心于工作，幾乎忘記了吃飯和睡覺(jué)。=3\*GB3③Mostlittleshopshavebeenabsorbedintobigbusinessesduetotheinfluenceoftheglobalfinancialcrisis.受全球金融危機(jī)的影響，大多數(shù)小店已被并入大公司。=4\*GB3④Ihaven’treallyhadtimetoabsorbeverythingthathesaid.事實(shí)上我還沒(méi)有時(shí)間弄懂他所說(shuō)的一切。6.blamevt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；把…歸咎于n.過(guò)失；責(zé)備Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看來(lái)水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?教材P2)(1)blamesb.forsth.因某事而責(zé)備某人blamesth.onsb.把某事怪到某人頭上betoblame(for...)應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任；該受責(zé)備(用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義)(2)get/accept/bear/taketheblamefor...對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)lay/puttheblameforsth.onsb.把某事歸咎于某人身上補(bǔ)充句子：①Insteadofblamingeachother,weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.我們應(yīng)該多交流，換位思考而不是相互責(zé)怪。(2023·江蘇書面表達(dá))②Whilewecan’tchangethebodytypewearebornwith,wecan’tblameourgenesformakingusfat.既然我們不能改變我們與生俱來(lái)的體形，我們就不能把肥胖歸咎于我們的基因。(2023重慶閱讀)③Mr.Greenstoodup,sayingthathewasnottheonetoblame.格林先生站起來(lái),說(shuō)他不是該受譴責(zé)的人。=4\*GB3④Thedrunkdrivershouldtaketheblameforthetrafficaccident.那醉酒司機(jī)應(yīng)該承擔(dān)交通事故責(zé)任。7.contributevt.&vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)；捐助(1)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(contribute...to...把……貢獻(xiàn)給……；,向……投稿,contributeto...導(dǎo)致……；有助于……))(2)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(contributionn.貢獻(xiàn)；捐款；稿件,makeacontributionto...對(duì)……作出貢獻(xiàn)))用contribute的相關(guān)詞語(yǔ)完成小片段Kind-heartedpeoplefromalloverthecountry(1)contributedmoneytothepoorkids，which(2)contributedtotheirreturningtoschool.Awriterwrotethisstoryand(3)contributedittoamagazine.來(lái)自全國(guó)各地的好心人為貧窮的孩子捐款，這使他們能夠重返校園。一個(gè)作家寫了這個(gè)故事，并給一家雜志投了稿。補(bǔ)充句子①Ourappetitefornewproductsalsocontributestotheproblem.我們對(duì)新產(chǎn)品的渴望也導(dǎo)致了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。(2023·高考安徽卷·完形填空)=2\*GB3②Finally，somegoodEnglishstudywebsitescontributealottomyimprovementinEnglish.最后，一些好的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站也對(duì)我的英語(yǔ)提高起了很大作用。(2023·山東寫作)四.SentencePatterns1.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解對(duì)它的治療。neither...nor...“既不…也不…”，連接句中兩個(gè)相同成分，連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循就近一致原則。仿寫：老師和其他學(xué)生都不相信他解釋的遲到的原因。Neitherteachernorotherstudentsbelievedthereasonheexplainedforbeinglate.2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次爆發(fā)霍亂時(shí)就有成千上萬(wàn)驚恐的人病死。everytime引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于whenever，表示“每當(dāng)……”。仿寫：每當(dāng)我聽到這首歌，它使我想起與祖母在一起的幸福時(shí)光。EverytimeIhearthissong,itmakesmethinkofthehappydayswhenIwaswithGranny.3.Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.betoblame受責(zé)罰(主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng))仿寫：孩子們不該為火災(zāi)事故負(fù)責(zé)。Thechildrenwerenottoblameforthefire.Awoman,whohadmovedawayfromBroadStreet,likedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.有一位婦女是從寬街搬過(guò)來(lái)的，她特別喜歡那里的水，每天都要派人從水泵打水運(yùn)到家里來(lái)。havesth.done請(qǐng)某人來(lái)做某事/遭遇,經(jīng)歷,體驗(yàn)仿寫:去年，我們的房子翻新過(guò)了。

Last

year,

we

had

the

house

rebuilt.

5.(1)Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersuppliesbeexamined.一種看法是霍亂病毒在空氣中繁殖著，像一股危險(xiǎn)的氣體到處漂浮，直到找到病毒的受害者為止。suggest意為”建議”時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用虛擬.仿寫：我們建議他去向老師道歉。We

suggested

that

he

(should)

make

an

apology

to

his

teacher.

(2)Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二種看法是人們?cè)诔燥埖臅r(shí)候把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。suggest意為”認(rèn)為,指出,提出,暗示”時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則使用陳述語(yǔ)氣仿寫:他臉上的笑容表明他通過(guò)了考試。Thesmileonhisfacesuggeststhathehadpassedtheexam.6.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有把太陽(yáng)放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動(dòng)才能講得通?！皁nly＋狀語(yǔ)”位于句首時(shí)后面主句需用部分倒裝。仿寫：生活就是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，只有當(dāng)我們學(xué)會(huì)面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)時(shí)，我們才會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。Lifeisachallenge，onlywhenwelearntofaceitcanweachieveouraims.Heplacedafixsunatthecenterofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把太陽(yáng)固定在太陽(yáng)系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)，只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))例句仿寫:女孩安靜地坐在那里,她的眼睛一直盯著墻。Thegirlsattherequietlywithhereyesfixingonthewall.翻譯練習(xí)：1.他以一首經(jīng)典的歌曲結(jié)束了他的演講。(conclude)Heconcluded_his_speech_withaclassicsong.2.從他滿意的表情我們可推斷出，他同意我們的觀點(diǎn)。Fromhissatisfiedexpression,weconcludedthatheagreedouropinion.＝Fromhissatisfiedexpression,wecametotheconclusionthatheagreedwithouropinion.3.我們從事實(shí)中的出不同的結(jié)論。Wedrewdifferentconclusionsfromthefacts.4.不要讓你的皮膚直接暴曬于陽(yáng)光下，否則你會(huì)被曬傷。Don’texposeyourskintodirectsunlight，oryou’llgetsunburnt.5.注意別讓你的孩子們接觸不良的書籍、網(wǎng)站和雜志。Takecarenottokeepyourchildrenexposedtothebadbooks,netandmagazines.6.那位小女孩完全專注于王教授的新小說(shuō)中ThegirlwascompletelyabsorbedinprofessorWang’snewnovel.7.周圍許多小村莊被并入了城市。Manysurroundingvillageshavebeenabsorbedbythecity.8.事實(shí)上，她真的該為她的懶惰而受到責(zé)備。Asamatteroffact，sheisreallytoblameforherlaziness9.因?yàn)樗`反了交通規(guī)則，所以她應(yīng)該毫無(wú)怨言地為此承擔(dān)責(zé)任。Sheshouldbeartheblameforitwithoutanycomplaintbecauseshebrokethetrafficrules.10.他因?yàn)檫@起事故受到他們的責(zé)備。(一句多譯)①Theyblamedhimfortheaccident.②Theyblamedtheaccidentonhim.③Hewastoblamefortheaccident.我相信你的建議一定有助于問(wèn)題的解決。I’msureyoursuggestionwillcontributetosolvingtheproblem.12.攝入太多的脂肪會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病和高血壓的發(fā)生。Eatingtoomuchfatcancontribute_toheart