高中英語(yǔ)人教版Unit5Themeparks【省一等獎(jiǎng)】

Unit5ThemeparksWarmingUp,Pre-readingandReadingTeachinggoals1.Targetlanguagea.重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語(yǔ)themepark,provide...with...,amuseoneself,various,avarietyof,shuttle,charge...for,admission,makeaprofit,souvenir,baseon,involve...in,athletic,b．重點(diǎn)句子1)Intheseparks,peoplesitchatting,playgames,listentobirds’singing,orjustrelaxabit.2)Theyaresuchhugeplacesthatvisitorsoftenuseshuttlestogetaround.3)Thebigcompaniesthatownthemeparksexpecttomakeaprofitnotjustbythechargesforadmission,butalsobysellingsouvenirsintheirshopsandadvertisingthemontelevision.2.AbilitygoalsEnablethestudentstoknowsomethingaboutthevariousthemeparksallovertheworld,tounderstandthedifferencebetweenathemeparkandatraditionalparkandtrytofinishthecomprehendingexercises.LearningabilitygoalsLearnhowtogeneralizeandcomparethesimilaritiesanddifferences.TeachingimportantpointsTosolvethequestionsinComprehending,andletthestudentsfindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph,giveasummaryofthetext.TeachingdifficultpointsHowtogiveageneralinstruction/descriptionofaplace.TeachingmethodsListening;Skimming;Scanning;Task-based.TeachingaidsArecorderandacomputer.ThefirstperiodreadingStepIRevisionT:Goodmorning/afternoon,boysandgirls!Firstlet’shaveadictationaboutthewordsandphrasesinUnit4.Takeoutapieceofpaper,please.major,local,represent,Columbia,introduce,approach,touch,strange,express,belikelyto,general,avoidspoken,misunderstand,punish,ateaseT:Now,handinyourpaperplease;I’llcheckyourworkafterclass.StepIIWarmingupT:Let’slookatthepicturesonP33.Thesearefourpicturesofdifferentparks—AgardeninSuzhou,HydeParkinLondon,WorldWaterparkinCanada,Disneyland.Whatkindofparksarethey?T:Verygood.SowhataboutWorldWaterparkinCanada?T:Whichoneoftheseparkswouldyouliketovisitmostifyouhavethechance?Sa:OfcourseIwouldgotoDisneyland.IhavewatchedsomuchaboutitonTVandI’vebeendreamingaboutshakinghandswiththoselovelycartooncharactersandtakingpictureswiththem.Sb:IwouldliketogotoWaterpark,becauseIlikeswimmingandIliketotakepartintheactivitiesinwaterinthispark.Sc:IwouldgotoHydePark.Iwanttogohorse-riding,andaboveall,havetheexperienceofmakingaspeechinfrontofacrowdofpeoplelikeapresident.That’llbereallyexciting.…StepIIIReadingSkimmingT:It’sinterestingtolistentoyourideas.Todaywearegoingtostudyapassageaboutthemeparks.ThetitleisTHEMEPARKS—FUNANDMORETHANFUN.Iwouldlikeyoutoreadthepassagequicklyforthefirsttimetogetageneralideaofthepassage.Atthesametime,pleasefindoutthetopicsentenceofeachparagraph.(3minuteslater)T:Haveyougotthemainideaofthepassage?Whocantellmethetopicsentencesofsixparagraphs?TopicsentencesParagraph1.Parksprovidepeoplewithaplacetoamusethemselvesandtoescapetheirbusylivesforawhile.Paragraph2.Inrecentdecades,however,manyparkshavebeendesignedtoprovideentertainment.Paragraph3.Themeparkshaveacertainidea—acertaintheme—thatthewholeparkisbasedon.Paragraph4.Somearehistoryorculturethemeparks.Paragraph5.TheoldestthemeparkintheworldisDisneyland,builtnearLosAngeles,Paragraph6.Otherthemeparksincludingmarineoroceanparks,sciencethemeparks,andfuturethemeparks.ScanningT:Afterthefirstreading,wehaveallgotageneralideaofthepassage.SoIwouldlikeyoutoreaditcarefullyagainandtrytofindtheanswerstothesedetailedquestions.Teachershowsthequestionsonthescreen.1.Whatisthebasicpurposeofthemeparks?Whatdopeopledothere?2.Dotheseparkschargepeopleforadmission?3.Whatisthepurposeofathemepark?4.Whatisthedifferencesbetweenathemeparkandanordinarypark?Differences Ordinaryparks ThemeparksActivities Size Facilities Charges Souvenirs5.Whatactivitieswillbeofferedtovisitorsinasportsthemepark?6.Cantheydoshoppingthere?Whatcantheybuy?7.Whatcanvisitorsseeanddoinhistoryorculturethemeparks?8.WhatisDisneylandlike?Whatcanvisitorsdothere?9.Whatcanpeopledoinmarineoroceanthemeparks,sciencethemeparksandfuturethemeparks?(10minuteslater)T:Haveyougottheanswers?Iwouldlikesomeofyoutoanswerthequestions.Let’slistenandcheckwhethertheyhavegotthemcorrectly.Teacherschecksomestudentsfortheanswers.suggestedanswers1.Thebasicpurposeofaparkistoprovidepeoplewithaplacetoamusethemselvesandtoescapetheirbusylivesforawhile.Intheseparks,peoplesitchatting,playgames,listentobirds’singing,orjustrelaxabit.Andfamiliesgotheretohavepicnicsorhavefuntogetherinotherways.2.Theseparkschargepeoplelittleornomoneyforadmission.3.Thepurposeofathemeparkistoprovideentertainment.4.Seethefollowingtable.DifferencesOrdinaryparks ThemeparksActivitiesridessuchasaFerriswheel,merry-go-roundofarollercoaster. avarietyofthingstoseeanddoSizeusuallynotverylarge hugeplacesthatvisitorsoftenuseshuttlestogetaroundFacilities norestaurantsorhotelsrestaurants,hotelsandshopsChargeschargelittleornonechargeforadmissionSouvenirs sellnosouvenirssellsouvenirsintheirshops5.Asportsthemeparkwilloffervisitorssportstoplayorwatch.6.Yes.Theycanbuysportsequipmentorclothing,suchasbasketballs,footballs,sneakersandsoon.7.Visitorscanseehowourancestorsdressed,workedandlived;andhowspecialgroupsofpeopledresstoday,whattheyeatandwhattheirhomeslooklike.Theymightgoforridesonanimals,helpcookculturalfoodsorhavetheirpicturestakenintheclothingofemperorsorofminoritypeople.8.Disneylandissodifferentfromotherparksthatitseemedlikeaplaceoffantasy.VisitorscanenjoyseeingthecharactersfromDisneyfilms,goonexcitingrides,visitstocastlesandgetclosetolife-sizecartoonfigures.TheycanalsoseemodelvillagesoflifeinthepastwhichshowhowtheearlysettlersinAmericalived.9.Peoplecanseeandswimwithdolphinsandlearnaboutoceanlifeinanoceanpark;Theycantakeanactivepartinexperimentsinasciencethemepark;Theycangoonimaginarytripstospaceanduseadvancedcomputertechniquestoexperiencelifeinthefuturepark.StepIVComprehending(P34)Part1T:Let’slookbackatthetitleofthepassage.THEMEPARKS—FUNANDMORETHANFUN.Whydoesthewriterthinkthatthemeparksareplacesfunandmorethanfun?Iwouldlikeyoutothinkaboutthisquestionandtellmeyouropinions.S:Inmyopinion,itmeansthatthemeparksaremorethanamusementparkswithrides,suchasaFerriswheel,merry-go-roundorarollercoaster,theyaresuchhugeplacesthatvisitorsoftenuseshuttlestogetaround,andtheyhavealotofthingstoseeanddo.Sotheyareplacesfunandmorethanfun.Part2T:Wehavereadaboutsomeofthedifferentthemeparksintheworld.Haveyoueverthoughtofthisquestion:Whydopeoplebuildsomanydifferentthemeparks?Iwouldlikeyoutohaveaclassdiscussionandtellme3purposesforpeoplebuildingthemeparksaccordingtothispassage.(Sometimelater)T:Pleaseexpressyourideas.SuggestedanswersPurpose1:toprovideentertainment.Explanation1:becausetheyhaveavarietyofthingstoseeanddo.Purpose2:tomakeaprofitbychargingforadmissionandsellingsouvenirs.Explanation2:becausetheyallchargemoneyforadmissionofthehotels,restaurants,andfortheridesandshowsintheparksaswell,andtheysellalotofsouvenirs.Purpose3:toprovidepeoplewithsomeunusualexperiences.Explanation3:becausethereareparksforpeopletoexperiencethelifeinthepast,inthefuture,intheoceanandsoon.Part3T:Let’ssumupthemainideaofeachparagraph.SuggestedanswersParagraph1:Parksprovidepeoplewithaplacetoamusethemselvesandtoescapetheirbusylivesforawhile.Paragraph2:Themeparkshavebeendesignedtoprovideentertainmentwithavarietyofthingstoseeanddo.Paragraph3:Themeparkshaveacertainidea/themethatthewholeparkisbasedon.Paragraph4:Thehistoryandculturethemeparks.Paragraph5:TheDisneyland.Paragraph6:Theoceanparksandthesciencethemeparks.Themeofthepassage:ThemeparksStepVDiscussionT:Ifyouhaveenoughtimeandmoney,wouldyouliketogotravelingtoseethenaturalbeautyofthecountryorgothethemeparkstoenjoytheexcitingexperiences?Givereasonsforyourchoice.a)Teacherdividestheclassintogroupsoffour.Eachgrouptriestoreachanagreementandtocollectasmanyreasonsaspossiblefromthegroupmembers.b)Afterthediscussion,theteacherasksastudentfromeachofthegroupstoreportthedecisionoftheirgroupandtogivetheirreasonsforthedecision.StepVIHomeworkRememberallthenewwordsandphrasesinthereadingpassage.Writeasummaryofthereadingpassageusingthenewwords.Unit5ThemeparksVocabularyandUsefulExpressions重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)

1．Parksprovidepeoplewithaplacetoamusethemselvesandescapetheirbusylivesofrawhile.

amuseoneself自我?jiàn)蕵?lè)，消遣

escapev.“逃脫”，液體等“漏出”，“逃避”，被…遺忘

escapedeath死里逃生

2．Thoughparkssharethisbasicpurpose,theyfindvariouswaystomeetthisneed.

meet可與need,requirement等名詞連用，表示“滿(mǎn)足…需要，要求”等。

3．Thebigcompaniesthatownthemeparksexpecttomakeaprofitnotjustbythechargesforadmission,butalsobysellingsouvenirsintheirshopsandadvertisingthemontelevision.

by通過(guò)…方式或手段；advertising與selling并列，其前面省略了by.

notjust…butalso=notonly…butalso…(有時(shí)省略also)

4．Itspurposeistoinvolvevisitorsinphysicalexerciseandathleticcompetition.

involve…in使參與…；使介入…

5．…andtherearefutureparks,wherepeoplecangoonimaginaryintotospaceanduseadvancedcomputertechniquestoexperiencelifeinthefuture…

goonatrip(進(jìn)行)旅行，還可以說(shuō)takeatrip,makeatrip,haveatrip等

futureadj.未來(lái)的，將來(lái)的；n.未來(lái)，前途，前景

與future搭配的詞組：infuture以后，今后；inthefuture在將來(lái)；inthedistantfuture在將來(lái)

6．WhenIdidfinallygotothethemepark,Ifoundthatitwasverydifferent.

運(yùn)用語(yǔ)氣副詞，如：really,extremely,certainly,ofcourse,only等

使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that+其它部分

在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的陳述句中，可在動(dòng)詞原形前加do,does,did來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。譯為“確實(shí)，務(wù)必”

7．HowaboutatriptoBraziltoexperiencesurvivinganairplanecrashinajungle?

howabout接動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示“…怎么樣,…行嗎？”相當(dāng)于whatabout

功能句型

問(wèn)路（Askingtheway）

Howfaris/are…?It’sabout10minuteswalk.

Howcanwegetto…?It’sabout200metersaway.

It’sjustbehindthe…Overthereisthe…

Can/Couldyoutell/showmewhere…?Downthepathyoucansee…

Godownthispathandturnleft/rightatthefirstturning.

重點(diǎn)單詞及短語(yǔ)

單詞

①amusevt.使（某人）笑，娛樂(lè)，消遣

amusementn.娛樂(lè)，消遣

②variousadj.不同種類(lèi)的，各個(gè)的，各種各樣的

varietyn.變化，多樣化

variety(ofsth.)各種各樣的

③chargev.索價(jià)，指控，進(jìn)攻；n.費(fèi)用，主管

④advancev.前進(jìn)，促進(jìn)，提前

advancedadj.在生命或進(jìn)程中遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)在前的，高深的，高級(jí)的，先進(jìn)的

⑤minorityn.少數(shù)，未成年，小團(tuán)體

⑥aliveadj.活著的，活潑的，有活力的

aliveandkicking生機(jī)勃勃，精神飽滿(mǎn)

⑦admissionn.允許進(jìn)入或獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入某建筑物，入場(chǎng)費(fèi)，承認(rèn)，坦白

⑧profitn.收益，利潤(rùn)，好處；v.從（經(jīng)驗(yàn)，失誤中）吸取教訓(xùn)

profitbysth.

profitfromsth.得益于某事物，從…中獲益

⑨imaginationn.想象力，空想，幻想物

imaginev.想象，設(shè)想

imaginaryadj.幻想的，虛構(gòu)的

imaginativeadj.富于想象力

⑩up-to-dateadf.現(xiàn)代的，時(shí)新的

短語(yǔ)

makeaprofit贏利

cometolife活躍起來(lái)

benamedafter以…取名

getcloseto接近

base…on/upon基于，以…為根據(jù)Unit5ThemeparksListening,SpeakingandWriting教案Teachinggoals1. TargetlanguageTeachthestudentshowtousethetargetlanguagelearnedinthisunit.2. AbilitygoalsEnablethestudentstowriteanintroductiontoathemeparkandtogivesomedetailedinformationaboutit,tomakeaposteraboutathemeparkoramusementpark.3. LearningabilitygoalsLearnhowtointroduceaplaceandhowtowriteaposter.TeachingimportantpointsHowtointroduceaplaceindetailandhowtowriteaposter.TeachingmethodsCooperativelearning;Task-basedlearning.Teachingprocedures&waysStepIWriting(P39)T:Today,wearegoingtodothewritinginthisunit.Let'sturntoPage39andreadtherequirementforWritingfirst.T:Soyouaregoingtowriteanintroductiontoathemepark.First,Iwouldlikeyoutoworkingroupsoffour.Hereisaformofeachofthegroups.Pleasediscusswithyourpartnersandcompletethisform.Theteachergivesthefollowingformtoeachofthegroups.ThethemeoftheparkHowtogettothepark3oftheactivitiesintheparkHowtogettothesitesofthese3activitiesAdmissionfeetotheseactivitiesAdmissionfee(Fiveminuteslater.)T:Ok,haveyoucompletedyourform?NowIwouldlikeyoutostartwritingyourintroductionaccordingtotheinformationyouhavewritteninyourform.(Tenminuteslater.)Asksomestudentstoreadtheirintroductionandmakecommentsontheirwork.Studentshandintheirworktolettheteachercheckthere-sultafterclass.SamplewritingWelcometoChinaFolkCultureVillages.OurparkisinthewestoftheShenzhenCity.Youcangetherebybuseasily.Inthispark,youwillenjoyseeingthedifferentlifestylesofthedifferentminoritypeopleandlearnabouttheircultures.Besides,youcanenjoytheirwonderfulperfor-mancesattheShenshouTheatre,whichisneartheexitofthepark.Youmayjustgothereonfoot.Ifyouarehungry,walktotheEatingStreetbehindthetheatretotreatyour-selftothevariousfoodofdifferentflavors.Allthefoodthereisdeliciousbutcheap.Travelinginthisparkwon'tcostyoutoomuch.Theadmissionfeetotheparkis90yuan.Andalltheactivitiesintheparkarefree.SowhynotcometoenjoyyourselfattheChinaFolkCultureVil-lages?Youaresuretohaveagreattime!StepHWritingtask(Page75)T:Youalldidquitewellinwritinganintroduction.Nowlet'scometothewritingofaposter.PleaseturntoPage75,andlookattheWritingtask.Here,youarere-quiredtowriteaposteraboutathemeoramusementpark.First,lookattheformatofaposter.Theteachershowsthefollowingonthescreen.AlargeheadingAsmallerheadingThedetailedinformation(usingthesmallestsizewriting)T:Sothisistheformatofaposter.AndwecanreadtheexampleonPage75forreference.T:Doyouknowhowtowriteaposternow?Ok,Iwouldlikeyoutoworkwithyourpartnerandworkoutaposterforatheme/amusementpark.Areyouready?Let'sgo.Afewminuteslater,theteacheraskssomestudentstoreadouttheirpostersandgivescommentsonthem.SamplewritingEnjoyeveryminutehereseethethree-dimensionalmoviesrideontheroller-coasterswim,playandsunbatheontheMayaBeachtravelinthespaceshuttlewatchtheexoticperformancesgoonanadventureonthecanoestakepartintheactingofamoveAllactivitiesbringyouultimateexcitementandrelaxation.Unit5ThemeParksGrammarandUsefulStructuresAsamplelessonplanforLearningaboutLanguage(Wordformation)AimsTohelpstudentslearnaboutwordformation.Tohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulwordsandexpressions.Tohelpstudentsdiscoverandlearntousesomeusefulstructures.ProceduresI.WarmingupWarmingupbydiscoveringusefulwordsandexpressionsTurntopage35anddoexercisesNo.1,2,3and4first.Checkyouranswersagainstyourclassmates’.II.LearningaboutWordformationThebasicpartofanywordistheroot;toit,youcanaddaprefixatthebeginningand/orasuffixattheendtochangethemeaning.Forexample,intheword"unflattering,"therootissimply"flatter,"whiletheprefix"un-"makesthewordnegative,andthesuffix"-ing"changesitfromaverbintoanadjective(specifically,aparticiple).Englishitselfdoesnotuseprefixesasheavilyasitoncedid,butmanyEnglishwordscomefromLatin,whichusesprefixesandsuffixes(youcanusethewordaffixtorefereithertoaprefixorasuffix)quiteextensively.Forexample,thewords"prefix,""suffix,"and"affix"themselvesareallformedfrom"fix"bytheusedofprefixes:?"ad"(to)+"fix"(attached)="affix"?"pre"(before)+"fix"="prefix"?"sub"(under)+"fix"="suffix"Notethatboththe"-d"of"ad"andthe"-b"of"sub"changethelastletter.HerearesomeofthemostcommonLatinprefixes(forthemeaningsoftheLatinroots,lookupthewordsinagooddictionary):ab(away)abrupt,absent,absolvead(to)adverb,advertisment,afflictin(not)incapable,indecisive,intolerableinter(between,among)intercept,interdependent,interprovincialintra(within)intramural,intrapersonal,intraprovincialpre(before)prefabricate,prefacepreferpost(after)postpone,postscript,postwarsub(under)submarine,subscription,suspecttrans(across)transfer,transit,translateIII.ReadyusedmaterialsforWordformation了解了英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法是迅速擴(kuò)大詞匯量的有效途徑之一。英語(yǔ)中有轉(zhuǎn)化法、合成法、綴合法、派生法等構(gòu)詞方式，這里我們將向您陸續(xù)講解比較常用的幾種，希望對(duì)您的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。首先，來(lái)介紹一下構(gòu)詞法中的幾個(gè)基本概念：詞根（base,boot）：指同根詞共有的可以辨認(rèn)的部分。例如：philanthropist(慈善家)、anthropoid（類(lèi)人的）、misanthropist（厭世者）、anthropology（人類(lèi)學(xué)）這幾個(gè)詞中的詞根anthropo-(人)就很容易辨認(rèn)出來(lái)。詞干（stem）：是未經(jīng)詞形變化的原詞。前綴（prefix）和后綴(suffix)：原是獨(dú)立的詞或詞根，由于經(jīng)常綴在別的詞或詞根的前后，輔助中心意義，漸漸就失去了獨(dú)立的意義和形式，而成為附加的構(gòu)詞部分。例如：co-(with)就是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的前綴。通常把帶有前后綴的新詞叫做合成詞，也有人把帶有后綴的詞叫做派生詞。把一個(gè)詞從一種詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)成另一種詞類(lèi)，可以用綴合法，如redadj.(紅的)—toreddenv.（變紅）；可以用改變?cè)~根的元音或輔音的辦法，即元級(jí)派生法，如foodn.(食物)—tofeedv.（喂飯）；也可以原封不動(dòng)，轉(zhuǎn)成其他詞類(lèi)，如paleadj.(蒼白的)——topalev.（臉變白），即轉(zhuǎn)化法。這里，我們先來(lái)看看“轉(zhuǎn)化法”中名詞轉(zhuǎn)成動(dòng)詞的一些例子。Hefilmedthestory./Hereproducedthestoryonafilm.他把這篇小說(shuō)拍成電影。人身器官名稱(chēng)，用作動(dòng)詞，表示使用這種器官的動(dòng)作。例如：Heshoulderedhiswaythroughthecrowd.(他用肩膀從人群中擠過(guò)去)此外，如tocheek(厚著臉說(shuō))、tofinger(摸索)、tohandaperson（用手領(lǐng)著）等。盛具或衣物的名稱(chēng)，用作動(dòng)詞，表示“盛”或者“裝入”。例如：Hepocketedhisbookandpen.(他把鋼筆、本子裝進(jìn)衣袋子)以及tobottle(裝瓶)、tocan(裝罐)、tosack(裝在袋里)。表示地點(diǎn)的名詞用作動(dòng)詞也有類(lèi)似用法：tocorner(逼在角落)、toisland(隔離)、tonursery(放在溫室里)等等。除此之外，還有動(dòng)詞、副詞、助動(dòng)詞等轉(zhuǎn)化成名詞的用法，我們來(lái)看一些例子：Onanotherruntheyfailedtoseetheboat.他們第二次去的時(shí)候沒(méi)有找到那只船。insandouts(來(lái)龍去脈)backandforth(問(wèn)答)amust(必不可少的事)manyifs（許多條件）動(dòng)詞加副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的例子也很多：Break-down(垮)、get-together(聚會(huì))、set-back(挫折)、wash-out(廢物)等。另外，形容詞有時(shí)候也可以轉(zhuǎn)成名詞，如：thegreens(青菜)、greatsillies(大蠢人)下面，我們來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下“合成法（composition）”。凡是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的構(gòu)詞成分，合成一個(gè)詞，而其中每個(gè)成分又可以獨(dú)立為詞的，叫做合成詞（compounds）,而這種構(gòu)詞法，叫做合成法。比如：coal-mine(煤礦)、man-made(人造的)。合成詞的特有含義，不受詞中各個(gè)成分連結(jié)方式的影響，它的寫(xiě)法由習(xí)慣而定，可以寫(xiě)在一起，如blackbird(畫(huà)眉);可以用連詞符號(hào)連接，如turn-coat(叛徒)；也可以分開(kāi)寫(xiě)，如blacklist(黑名單)。注意，分開(kāi)寫(xiě)的合成詞，不僅僅在意義上，即使在形式上，也和詞組有區(qū)別。比如blacksea里的black，不是獨(dú)立的形容詞，不能說(shuō)veryblacksea。合成詞各個(gè)成分之間關(guān)系千變?nèi)f化，分類(lèi)也有很多種，這里就合成詞的詞性，分類(lèi)舉例說(shuō)明：1.合成名詞名詞+名詞：前面的名詞說(shuō)明后面的名詞，中心意義由后面的名詞表達(dá)，比如，同是book,可以有accountbook，hand-book，note-book等等。前面的名詞可以表示人、物、性別、器具、地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、比喻對(duì)象等等。如：eye-shot(視力范圍)、buck-rabbit（公兔）、night-school(夜校)、baby-husband（小女婿）等等。形容詞+名詞：這類(lèi)詞意義關(guān)系一目了然，有時(shí)候是實(shí)指，有時(shí)候是指物而擬人。如Blueprints(藍(lán)圖)，bighat（大人物）,double-face(兩面派)等等。動(dòng)名詞+名詞：動(dòng)名詞表示行為或狀態(tài)的改變，名詞往往表示所用的器物，地名等等，如consulting-room（診室），writing-desk（寫(xiě)字臺(tái)）。動(dòng)詞+名詞：往往由短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成，或者是轉(zhuǎn)化與合成的結(jié)合，如pickpocket(扒手)，turn-coat(叛徒)等等。名詞+動(dòng)名詞：很普遍，有時(shí)甚至可以隨意構(gòu)造，如book-learning（書(shū)本知識(shí)），word-making(構(gòu)詞)等等。前置詞+名詞：意義關(guān)系和“形容詞+名詞”類(lèi)型相似：after-effects(后果)，by-product(副產(chǎn)品)等等。另外，國(guó)名的組合，有時(shí)候用“拉丁語(yǔ)+英語(yǔ)”的方式，如Afro-AsianPeople'sConference(亞非會(huì)議)、Sino-JapaneseWar(中日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng))SnakeRiverFallsSnakeRiverFallsisawhitewaterrapidboatridecomprisingtwoopenandtwocoveredchutes.Suitableforoneortworiders.Youmaygetwetonthisride.2.合成形容詞形容詞+名詞：形容詞和名詞連用，原是短語(yǔ)，用做定語(yǔ)。固定下來(lái)，成為形容詞，有的還只是nonce-words,也有合成名詞作定語(yǔ)或轉(zhuǎn)成形容詞的情形：如full-timeworker（全職工）、long-rangegun(遠(yuǎn)程炮)等。形容詞+形容詞：這類(lèi)詞不算多，前面的形容詞大都進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明后面的形容詞，如：light-blue(淺藍(lán))、dead-alive(半死不活)。名詞+過(guò)去分詞：有被動(dòng)意味，名詞相當(dāng)于前置詞賓語(yǔ)，表示工具，行為者等，如:man-made(人造的)，moth-eaten(蟲(chóng)蛀的)。名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：有主動(dòng)意味，名詞大都相當(dāng)于行為的賓語(yǔ)，如：English-speakingpeople(說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人)，peace-loving（熱愛(ài)和平的）形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞：有主動(dòng)意味，形容詞相當(dāng)于表語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ)，如eager-seeming(樣子急切)，easy-going（隨和的）副詞+分詞：如half-baked(幼稚的)，far-seeing（有遠(yuǎn)見(jiàn)的）副詞+形容詞：over-anxious(過(guò)急)，all-roundathlete(全能選手)名詞+形容詞：名詞大都作比喻的對(duì)象，如cock-sure(自恃)，paper-thin（薄如紙）3.合成動(dòng)詞合成動(dòng)詞大都是由“副詞＋動(dòng)詞”組成的，這里“副詞”多半表示動(dòng)作的方向、程度等等。如：out表示超過(guò)tooutnumber（超過(guò)數(shù)目）toout-talk（壓過(guò)別人的聲音）；under表示不足、在下tounderdevelop（發(fā)育不全）tounderestimate（估計(jì)不足）tounderline（行下劃線）等等。4.疊聲合成詞由同一個(gè)詞重復(fù)，或稍加聲音變化重疊而成。這類(lèi)詞往往是加重語(yǔ)氣因而常帶有感情色彩，比方，嘲諷。例：goody-goody（假殷勤）soso（不怎么樣）wishwash（乏味的飲料）等等。5.句式合成詞整個(gè)句子當(dāng)作一個(gè)詞用，有的已經(jīng)固定下來(lái)，例如pick-me-up（興奮劑），what's-his-name（某某人）。整個(gè)句子用作形容詞的現(xiàn)象比較普遍，把復(fù)雜的概念揉成單純的限制語(yǔ)使行文緊湊。Alet-bygones-be-bygonesmanner（一種“過(guò)去的就算了吧”的態(tài)度）anif-you-would-only-be-guided-by-meexpression（一種“要是你肯聽(tīng)了我的話夠多好”的神氣）我們接著來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)構(gòu)詞法中的第三類(lèi)——“綴合法”，分前綴和后綴兩部分來(lái)講解。前綴有些詞根或單詞，由于經(jīng)常放在別的詞根或單詞前面使用，經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的發(fā)展，失去了獨(dú)立的作用，變成前綴。前綴具有一定含義，但不見(jiàn)得很明確。前綴綴在詞上，可以改變、限制、或加強(qiáng)這個(gè)詞的含義，而不改變其詞類(lèi)。一個(gè)詞根或詞，可以層層綴上好幾個(gè)前綴，如in-com-pre-hen-si-ble-ness(不可理解)的詞根是hen,pre-,com-都加強(qiáng)了其含義，而in-又把整個(gè)詞義轉(zhuǎn)為否定。凡由綴加前綴或后綴而成的詞叫做派生詞。前綴的綴合，有時(shí)是連寫(xiě)，如extraordinary,有時(shí)用連詞符號(hào)如extra-territorial,有時(shí)被詞根吸收如ancestor(ante-cessor)。前綴既然有一定的意義，為了便于識(shí)別，下面就按照一樣相近的前綴，分類(lèi)說(shuō)明。（前綴的來(lái)源一律以縮寫(xiě)字母注：[OE]古英語(yǔ)；[OF]古法語(yǔ)；[L]拉??；[GK]希臘；[IT]意大利等）表示否定的前綴，這類(lèi)前綴可以分為四種：（1）純粹表示否定的，如a-,dis-,in-；（2）表示“錯(cuò)誤”的，有mis-；（3）表示“反動(dòng)作”，如de-,un-；（4）表示“反對(duì)”的，有anti-,contra-（1）純粹表示否定的。a-,an-[GK]能構(gòu)成少數(shù)新詞。加在名詞、形容詞上，表示