CAM - 計算機輔助制造

ComputerAidedManufacturingComputerAidedManufacturingAboutClassClasstype：SpecificnecessaryclassTotalhours：36Teaching：32Experiment：4connectwithteacherLiuJishengandYuNingTel(LiYScore：4Teachingmethod：bilingualExamination：ExperimentSmallassignmentCloseandEnglish（2hours）Chapter1:IntroductiontoManufacturing1.1Introduction1.2BasicDefinitionsForManufacturingSystems1.3DesignActivitiesForManufacturingSystems1.4PlanningAndControlActivitiesForManufacturingSystems1.5ManufacturingControl1.1IntroductionWealthNaturalresourcesManufacture(relyon)DistributionandserviceSeveralimprovementsinmanufactureCreateandusehandtools(instoneage)Machinetools(IndustrialRevolution)PartsinterchangeabilitydevelopedinEuropeProduction/assemblylineandmassproductionMassproductionin20thcentury>producemore,better,andinexpensivegoods.DigitalcomputerNCmachinetoolswereinvented,Robotics,CAD,CAM,FMSSmallbatchdynamicproductionenvironsareneededTrend(Smalldemand,lowproduct>massproduction>smallproduct,moreproductvariety)1.2BasicDefinationManufacturingManufacturingproductionManufacturingprocessesManufacturingEngineeringManufacturingsystemManufacturingManufacturingisacollectionofinterrelatedoperationsandactivitiesthatincludesproductdesign,materialselection,planning,production,inspection,managementandmarketingoftheproducts,forthemanufacturingindustriesManufacturingproductionAseriesofprocessesadoptedtofabricate(制作)aproductNotincludetheactivityfordesigning,planning,andcontrollingtheproductionManufacturingprocessesManufacturingprocessesarethelower-levelmanufacturingactivitiesusedtomakeproducts.Therearetraditionalmachiningprocesses,forexample,turning,milling,andgrinding,andmoreadvancednonchippingprocesses,forexample,electrochemicalmachining(ECM,電解加工)andelectrodischarge*machining(EDM,放電加工)ManufacturingEngineeringInvolvesthedesign,operation,andcontrolofmanufacturingprocessesItistheheartofdesign,planning,andcontrolofthemanufacturingsystemRequiresknowledgefromotherdisciplines,suchaselectricalengineering,mechanicalengineering,materialsengineering,chemicalengineering,andsystem/informationengineering.ManufacturingsystemAnorganizationthatcomprisesseveralinterrelatedmanufacturingsubsets.Itsobjectiveistointerfacewithoutsideproductionfunctionsinordertooptimizethetotalproductivityperformanceofthesystem,suchasproductiontime,cost,andmachineutilization.Theactivitiesofthesesubsetsincludedesign,planning,manufacturing,andcontrol.Thesesubsetsarealsoconnectedwithproductionfunctionsoutsidethesystem,suchasaccounting,marketing,financing,andpersonnelRelationshipManufacturingManufacturingsystemMarketingAccountingFinancingDesignPlanning/ControlManufacturingproductionManufacturingprocessManufacturingEngineeringPerformanceofManufacturingSystemTimeQualityCostServiceEnvironmentTQCSEComputerAidedManufacturingGenerally,computer-aidedmanufacturing(CAM)canbedefinedas“theapplicationsofcomputersinmanufacturing”.CAMthusincludesalargernumberoffunctions,suchasdesignactivities,processplan,NCprogramming,productionscheduling,manufacturingcontrol,qualitycontrol,analysisandsoon.廣義CAM是指借助計算機來完成從生產(chǎn)準備到產(chǎn)品制造出來的過程中的各項活動，包括工藝過程設計、工裝設計、數(shù)控加工編程、生產(chǎn)作業(yè)計劃、制造過程控制、質(zhì)量檢測與分析等。Basically,CAMreferstotheapplicationsofcomputersinNCprogramming.Includedhereareapplicationssuchastoolpathplanning,cutterlocationgeneration,toolpathsimulationandverification,NCcodegenerationandsoon.狹義CAM通常是指計算機在某個制造環(huán)節(jié)中的應用，通常是指計算機輔助數(shù)控加工，即NC程序編制。包括刀具路徑規(guī)劃、刀位文件生成、刀具軌跡仿真及NC代碼生成等。ManufacturingManufacturingsystemMarketingAccountingFinancingDesignPlanning/ControlManufacturingproductionManufacturingprocessManufacturingEngineering1.3DesignActivitiesDesignActivitiesFirststepIncludingDesignconceptualizationFunctionidentificationandanalysisProductmodelingMaterialselectionDesignforefficientmanufacturingDimensioningandtoleratingofaproductProductModelingEstablishtheanalyticalandgraphicalrepresentationofproduct.CADisapopularmethodMaterialSelectionSelectingapropermaterialMeetthefunctionalrequirementConnectwiththeprocessingMachineToolsDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInmanufacturingprocessDesignforEfficientManufacturingInassemblyDesignforEfficientManufacturingInassemblyDesignforEfficientManufacturingInassemblyDesignforEfficientManufacturingInassemblyDimensioningandtolerancingConnectedtotheselectionofmachineryandamanufacturingprocessMostcommonmistakesOverspecification(公差標注要求過高)TrendManufacturingManufacturingsystemMarketingAccountingFinancingDesignPlanning/ControlManufacturingproductionManufacturingprocessManufacturingEngineering1.4PlanningandControlActivities1.4PlanningandControlActivitiesHowtoguaranteedtheperformanceofamanufacturingsystme?DetailpreliminaryplanningLegitimatecontrolFeedbackofthesystemBecategorizedintoPhysicalresourceMaterial-requirementplanning,capacityplanning,facilityplanning,inventorycontrol,toolmanagementInformation/knowledgeCommunication,manufacturingdatabase.TimeProductionscheduling1.4PlanningandControlActivitiesMaterial-requirementsplanningMasterproduction-schedulerequirementsRawmaterialInventorystatusSubassemblysequencesWorkordersandschedulingnotices

production-schedule：生產(chǎn)進度表

rawmaterial：原材料billofmaterial：材料單

inventory：存貨storagewarehouse：存儲型倉庫workorders：作業(yè)命令書schedulingnotice：日程安排通知書shopfloor：車間、工廠CapacityPlanningIdentifythenumberofMachinePersonsMaterial-handingresourceToolingAvailabilityofshiftsperworkdayTheworkdayperworkweekmaterialhandling：物料輸送tooling：機床配備成套工具shifts：班次工作時間subcontract：轉包工程（dayshift/nightshift）Facilityandmaterial-handlingdeviceplanningSelectandarrangethephysicallayoutforManufacturingfacilitiesMaterial-handlingdeviceStoragespaceLayout：布局圖InventorycontrolThegoalGuaranteenodelaysofthematerialsupplyMinimizegoodsintheinventory.JIT(Just-in-time)inventory：存貨economic：經(jīng)濟(上)的,產(chǎn)供銷的workinprocess（WIP）：在產(chǎn)品

just-in-time(JIT)：及時供給ToolmanagementTrackingoftoollocationCuttingelapsedtimeTimesforreconditioningMinimizingtoolbreakageelapsedtime：經(jīng)過（占用）時間recondition：修理、修磨toolwearandbreakage：刀具磨損及破損SchedulingDispatchjobordersSeveralrulesFIFO(Firstin,Firstout)SPT(Shortest-processing-time)LIFO(Lastin,Firstout)SeveralfactorscanmeasurethescheduleFlowtime,makespan,machineutilization,anddue-dateconstraintsjoborder：工作單Flowtime:流動時間

makespan：作業(yè)期due-date

：到期日、支付日QualityControlThegoalEnsurethefinalacceptabilityofaproduct.TheresponsiveactivitiesInspectionSamplingManufacturinginformationmanagementDealwiththeflowandallocationofinformationconcerningmanufacturingresourceandfunctions.WorkersMachinesMaterialsToolingComputerdatabasesInformationandcommunicationEspeciallyimportantforlargeandcomputer-integratedmanufacturingsystems(CIMS).Smunicationprotocol：通信協(xié)議1.5ManufacturingControlOndifferentlevel,thereisdifferentcontrol.FactorylevelProductioncenterlevelCelllevelWorkstationlevelProcesslevel1.5ManufacturingControlAtthefactorylevel,controlusuallyreferstothecoordinationofavarietyofactivitiestoensureprofitableoperation.Materialsmanagementandcapacityplanningareprincipalcontrolfunctionsatthislevel.1.5ManufacturingControlAttheproductioncenterlevel,themajorfocusofcontrolisonthecoordinationofactivitiestomaximizecellutilizationandminimizeinventorylevels.

1.5ManufacturingControlAtthecelllevel,controlbecomesinvolvedwiththeschedulingofindividualpartsontomachines.Schedulingisamajorcomponentofcellcontrol.1.5ManufacturingControlTheselectionandapplicationofvariables,suchasspeeds,feeds,tooling,toolpathsandsoon,formtheprimaryfocusoftheworkstationcontroller.1.5ManufacturingControlAtthemanufacturingprocesslevel,motors,switches,feedbackdevices,andsoon,mustbecontrolledinordertoattainthedesiredmachinekinematicsrequiredtoproduceapart.Today'snewengineeringthrustsAgileengineering/敏捷制造Virtualmanufacturing/虛擬制造Nanotechnologies/納米技術Rapidprototyping/快速成型Agileengineering

Asetofintegrationlinkagesthatallowcross-functionalactivitiestooccurtransparentlyforthedesigner,processengineerandproductionengineer.Focusatrapidresponsetocustomerandproductchanges(demandanddesign).VirtualmanufacturingInavirtualenterprise,avarietyofmanufacturingresourceentities(possiblyevencompetitors)willbeassessabletoadesigner.Forexample,ifaspecialplanningormanufacturingprocessisrequiredtobringanewproducttofruition,thedesignerwouldhaveaccesstoexistingmanufacturingfacilitieswiththese