Grammar-過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)

DiscoveringUsefulStructuresUnit1UsedastheAttribute

andPredicativePastparticiple(1)1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied.2.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.3.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.attributeattributepredicativeWhatisthepastparticipleusedfor?apieceofbrokenglassboiledwaterausedstampaburiedboxofcoinsadamagedcomputerworn-outshoes一片碎玻璃開(kāi)水一枚用過(guò)的郵票一箱埋起來(lái)的硬幣穿破的鞋子一臺(tái)損壞了的計(jì)算機(jī)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)Translatethefollowingphrases.Completethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.terrifiedpeoplereservedseatspollutedwateracrowdedroomapleasedwinnerpeopleterrifiedof(cholera)seatsreservedfor…waterpollutedby…aroomcrowdedof…awinnerpleasedat…childrenastonishedat/by…avasebrokenby…adoorclosedby…theaudiencetiredby…ananimaltrappedin/by…astonishedchildrenacloseddoor

thetiredaudience

atrappedanimal

abrokenvase

一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1、單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般兼有被動(dòng)和完成的意義，常作前置定語(yǔ)。

alostanimal一只迷路的動(dòng)物

ausedstamp一枚用過(guò)的郵票

aninjuredfinger一個(gè)受傷的手指

abrokencoin一枚破損的硬幣

alightedcandle一支點(diǎn)燃的蠟燭注意：過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)只有被動(dòng)意義。

spokenEnglish英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)

writtenexercises書(shū)面練習(xí)

少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只有完成的意義

fallenleaves落葉therisensun升起來(lái)的太陽(yáng)theadvancedcountries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家adrunkenman一個(gè)醉鬼areturnedstudent一名歸國(guó)留學(xué)生aretiredteacher一名退休教師anescapedprisoner一名逃跑的囚犯by-gonedays過(guò)去的歲月2、過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和／或完成意義。

HowIregrettedthehourswastedinthewoods!Ilikewearingclothesmadeofthiskindofcloth．ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．We’llgotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago．ChangethefollowingPastParticipleintoclauses.1)Hetoldusofthegreatwrongdonetohim.=Hetoldusofthegreatwrong____________________tohim.whichhadbeendone

注:本句中的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，既表被動(dòng)又表完成。2）TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.=TheUnitedStatedisacountry

______________________.whichhasdeveloped注:本句中的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，只表示完成。3）Haveyounoticedthebridgebeingbuiltthere?=Haveyounoticedthebridge___________________there?whichisbeingbuilt注：本句中的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。Idon'tknowthegirl_____inthesnowstorm.A.tocatchB.caughtC.catchingD.tobecatching解析：小女孩是“被困”在暴風(fēng)雪中，所以空白處應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。2.Thegirl_____downbyacarwasdying.

A.knockB.knockingC.knockedD.toknock解析：小女孩是“被”小汽車“撞倒”的，所以空白處應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞，作后置定語(yǔ)。BC[典型例題]Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope_____.

A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide解析:動(dòng)詞provide與其邏輯主語(yǔ)envelop是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，在句中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于whichisprovided。題意為：“表格填完之后，請(qǐng)將其放入為您提供的信封中，返還給我們”。B[高考真題]2.“It’ssuchaniceplace.”Mothersaidasshesatatthetable_____forcustomers.A.tobereservedB.havingreservedC.reservingD.reserved解析：reserve和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞sat之間沒(méi)有連詞，且和其邏輯主語(yǔ)thetable邏輯上構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定語(yǔ)。tablereservedforcustomers意為：預(yù)定給顧客的桌子。D3.AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse______toguardher.A.toappointB.appointingC.appointedD.havingappointed4.Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras_______toourshopforqualityproblems.A.returningB.returnedC.toreturnD.tobereturnedCB5.Theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected解析：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“____fromthewholecountry”是分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾theplayers，再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知此處表示“被挑選出來(lái)的”，故用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)，故答案為C。C6.TsinghuaUniversity,_____in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded解析：句中的主語(yǔ)TsinghuaUniversity與found構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，可選C、D；再根據(jù)時(shí)間1911年可知found動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，故用過(guò)去分詞。此句中過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。本句的意思是：成立于1911年的清華大學(xué)，是許多卓越人物的家園。A7.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney

inthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered 解析：該空在句中作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾themoney，根據(jù)themoney與discover的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)表示的是“將要被發(fā)現(xiàn)”的意思，根據(jù)句意“到目前為止還沒(méi)有人來(lái)認(rèn)領(lǐng)在圖書(shū)館被發(fā)現(xiàn)的錢”可判斷選A項(xiàng)。A8.Agreatnumberofstudents_____saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning解析：question與students存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，question表示的動(dòng)作也已完成，故用過(guò)去分詞。C9.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps______fromthelibrary.A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing解析：根據(jù)選項(xiàng)此題考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，題干中空格劃在名詞maps后，空格后部分是對(duì)maps解釋說(shuō)明，因此此題考察非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意，borrow的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，因此選擇C。C10.Theisland,_____tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined解析：join…to…表示“把……連接起來(lái)”，joined在句中是過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句whichisjoined…。C過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)態(tài)和時(shí)間關(guān)系上首先，在語(yǔ)態(tài)上不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的意思，而過(guò)去分詞多表示被動(dòng)的意思。請(qǐng)比較：

surprisingnews使人吃驚的消息

surprisedlisteners吃驚的聽(tīng)眾值得注意的是，有一些過(guò)去分詞由不及物動(dòng)詞變來(lái)，它們只表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作已完成，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)的意味。例如：fallenleaves落葉其次，時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同：一般來(lái)說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作往往正在進(jìn)行，而過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作往往已經(jīng)完成。請(qǐng)比較：

thechangingworld

正在發(fā)生變化的世界

thechangedworld

已經(jīng)變化了的世界Therewasaterriblenoise_____thesuddenburstoflight.A.followed

B.following

C.tobefollowed

D.beingfollowed答案B。由于聲音在閃電后，因此為聲跟隨著光，聲音為跟隨的發(fā)出者，為主動(dòng)。用現(xiàn)在分詞。_____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.Followed

B.Followedby

C.Beingfollowed

D.Havingbeenfollowed答案B。Napoleon與follow之間有被動(dòng)的含義。beingfollowed除表達(dá)被動(dòng)之外，還有動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行之意。followedby(被…跟隨)。本題可改為：Withsome

officialsfollowing,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.Readthesentences,payingattentiontothepastparticiple.Theglassisbroken.

Ourclassroomiscrowded.

Thegroundiscoveredwithsnow.

IfoundthatIwaslost.

Thosedaysaregone.

Heisdeaddrunk.

二、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)1、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，其前的系動(dòng)詞有包括be在內(nèi)的多種形式。

Everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech．聽(tīng)了他的發(fā)言，在場(chǎng)的所有人都很振奮。

Youseemfrightened.

你似乎受了驚嚇。2、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)；而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞所表示動(dòng)作的承受者。

Thisshopisnowclosed．這家商店現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)關(guān)門了。(狀態(tài))Thisshopisclosedat6p.m.everyday．這家商店每天6點(diǎn)關(guān)門。(動(dòng)作）

3、現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示的動(dòng)作與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，其動(dòng)作與句子的主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：Thenewswasexcitingandwewereallexcited.＝Thenewswasexcitinganditexcitedusall.Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.＝Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_______astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating解析：remainseated為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài)。[典型例題]CInApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained_____abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.sticking B.stuck C.tobestuck D.tohavestuck解析：remain是高考的重點(diǎn)詞匯。當(dāng)它做系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后面接過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。B[高考真題]2._____inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.A.Beingraised B.Raising C.Raised D.Toraise3.______inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.

A.Toabsorb B.TobeabsorbedC.Absorbed D.AbsorbingCC4.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot______frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed解析：此題中的got+separated表示狀態(tài)，separated為過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)。get/beseparated常與from連用，故答案為A。A一、單項(xiàng)填空。Theconcert_______attheBeijing

Workers’Stadiumwasabigsuccess.A.heldB.holding

C.holdD.tohold2.Walkingoutoftheofficewitha______

smileonherface,sheturnedtosaygoodbyetoherteacher.A.forcingB.forced

C.beingforcedD.havingforcedAB4.Heaskedhisstudentstoremain_____

untilallthepapershadbeenhandedin.A.toseatB.tobeseatedC.seatingD.seated4.Therewasnothing______inthefridge,sohehadtogooutfordinner.A.toleaveB.leaving

C.leftD.tobeleft5.Thestudentswereall_____whentheyheardthe_______news.A.inspired;inspiringB.inspired;inspiredC.inspiring;inspired

D.inspiring;inspiringADC6.Whenhegotback,hefoundthathis

breadhadgotten_______.A.toburnB.burnt

C.burningD.tobeburnt7.ThepolicesaidonThursdaythattheyhada______personofthemurder,whichcouldbeagreathelptothem.A.fearedB.doubtedC.questionedD.suspectedBD二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Fortunately,the__________(infect)peopleweresenttohospitalimmediately.2.Theprimarypurposeistomake

achievementsinbiologicalresearch

_________(know)tothepublic.3.“Toseeis___________(believe)!”Icouldn’thelptellingmyself.infected

known

to

believe4.Johntoldmethatthe__________(excite)planwastheoneputforwardbyMr.Zhangatyesterday’smeeting.5.Whenhecameback,hefoundhissonpretendedto___________(work).6.Themuseumonce________(build)forexhibitingfamouscarshasbeenpulleddown.excitingbeworkingbuilt

三、翻譯題。1.丟了錢他自責(zé)不已。He______________aboutlosingthem