初三年級(jí)英語(yǔ)朱熹是怎樣讀書的

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朱熹是南宋時(shí)期理學(xué)大家，又是著名的教導(dǎo)家。他一生大片面時(shí)間都在讀書和教書，提出過(guò)大量精辟的見(jiàn)解。他死后不久，弟子們將他的讀書閱歷歸納為六條，稱為“朱子讀書法”，對(duì)于今人，仍有啟示和借鑒的作用。

ZhuXiwasagreatmasterofNeoConfucianismandafamouseducatorintheSouthernSongDynasty.Hespentmostofhislifereadingandteaching,andputforwardmanybrilliantideas.Soonafterhisdeath,thedisciplessummeduphisreadingexperienceintosixpieces,called"ZhuZi"sreadingmethod",whichstillhasenlightenmentandreferencefortoday"speople.

第一，循序漸進(jìn)。朱熹說(shuō)：“讀書之法，莫貴于循守而致精?！笔裁词茄驖u進(jìn)？就是說(shuō)，讀書要有個(gè)先后依次，讀通一書，再讀一書。就讀一書而言，那么要逐字逐句逐段按依次讀，先讀的未弄通，就不能讀后面的。這樣才不會(huì)生吞活剝或雜亂無(wú)章。朱熹還進(jìn)一步指出，讀書要從易到難，從淺到深，從近到遠(yuǎn)，急不得，也慢不得。“所謂急不得者，成果不成急；

所謂不成慢者，工夫不成慢?！边@是在告被讀書人既不成急于求成，也不成松松垮垮，而要進(jìn)度適當(dāng)，方能見(jiàn)效。

First,stepbystep.ZhuXisaid:"thelawofreadingisnottobevaluedforfollowingtherulesandachievingperfection."Whatisstepbystep?Thatistosay,thereshouldbeasequenceinreading,readingonebookandreadinganother.Toreadabook,weshouldreaditwordbyword,sentencebysentence,paragraphbyparagraph,andinorder.Ifwedon"tgetthroughwhatwereadfirst,wecan"treadwhatwereadlater.Inthisway,itwillnotbeeatenaliveordisorderly.ZhuXifurtherpointedoutthatreadingshouldbefromeasytodifficult,fromshallowtodeep,fromneartofar,neitherurgentnorslow."Theso-calledurgent,theeffectcannotbeurgent;theso-calledcannotslow,workcannotslow."Thisistoinformthereadersthattheyshouldneitherrushforsuccessnorslackendown,butthattheycanonlyachieveresultswithproperprogress.

其次，熟讀精恩。他認(rèn)為有些人讀書收效不大，是由于在“熟”和“精”二字上下功夫不夠。他還批評(píng)那種讀書貪多的傾向，一再講“讀書不成貪多，且要精熟。如今日看得一板，且看半板，將那精力來(lái)更看前半板”。

Second,readJingencarefully.Hethinksthatsomepeople"sineffectivereadingisduetotheirlackofeffortsintheword"familiar"and"refined".Healsocriticizesthetendencytoreadtoomuch,sayingagainandagain,"donotreadtoomuch,andbeproficient.".Ifyoucanseeoneboardtoday,justlookatthehalfboardandseethefirsthalfoftheboardmorewiththatenergy.".

第三，虛心涵泳。朱熹曾批評(píng)當(dāng)時(shí)普遍存在的兩種毛病：一是“主私意”，就是以自己的想法去揣測(cè)書中的道理，穿鑿附會(huì)，歪曲了古人本來(lái)意思。二是“舊有先人之說(shuō)”，就是從前采納的觀點(diǎn)不愿放棄，從而排斥采納新的觀點(diǎn)。

Third,swimmingwithmodesty.ZhuXioncecriticizedtwokindsofcommondefectsatthattime:oneis"master"sprivatewill",whichistoguessthetruthinthebookwithhisownideas,todistorttheoriginalmeaningoftheancients.Thesecondis"theoldsayingofancestors",thatis,thepreviouslyacceptedviewsarenotwillingtogiveup,soastoexcludetheacceptanceofnewviews.

為了校正以上這兩種不好的毛病，朱熹看法讀書務(wù)必虛懷若谷，靜心思慮，悉心體會(huì)本意。朱熹強(qiáng)調(diào)讀書要細(xì)心“涵泳”，就是要反復(fù)咀嚼，深刻體會(huì)行中的旨趣。

Inordertocorrecttheabovetwokindsofbadfaults,ZhuXiadvocatedthatreadingshouldbeopen-minded,thoughtfulandfullyawareoftheauthor"soriginalintention.ZhuXistressedthatreadingshouldbepatient,thatis,tochewrepeatedlyanddeeplyunderstandthepurportofdoing.

第四，切已體察。朱熹看法“讀書窮理，當(dāng)體之于身”。什么叫“體之于分”？就是要心領(lǐng)神會(huì)，身體力行。從讀書法的角度來(lái)看，朱熹強(qiáng)調(diào)讀書務(wù)必聯(lián)系自己，()聯(lián)系實(shí)際，將學(xué)到的理論轉(zhuǎn)化為行動(dòng)，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是可取的。

Fourth,wemustbeawareofit.ZhuXiadvocatedthat"readingispoor,andlearningshouldbebasedonthebody".Whatis"thebodyisdivided"?It"saboutunderstandingandpracticing.Fromthepointofviewofreadingmethod,ZhuXistressedthatreadingmustbeconnectedwithhimselfandpractice,andthetheorylearnedshouldbetransformedintoaction.

第五，著緊用力。“著緊用力”包含有兩個(gè)意思：一是指時(shí)間上要抓緊，要“饑忘食，渴忘飲，始得?！倍侵妇裆弦褡鳎袆傄銏?jiān)決，發(fā)憤英勇的精神?！叭鐡紊纤?，一篙不成放緩?！?/p>

Fifth,tightenup."Tightandforceful"includestwomeanings:first,weshouldgraspthetimeand"forgettoeatwhenhungry,forgettodrinkwhenthirsty."Second,weneedtobespirituallyactive,resoluteandcourageous."Ifyouembarkonawaterboat,youcan"tslowdownapenny."

第六，居敬持志。所謂居敬持志，就是讀書務(wù)必精神專一，全神貫注，還要有遠(yuǎn)大的志向，頑強(qiáng)的毅力。這也是朱熹讀書之法的最根本精神。

Sixth,respectandholdth