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第三部分語(yǔ)法專題突破第六講

并列句和狀語(yǔ)從句目錄用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1.Mumturneddownmysuggestion

Dadspokeinfavorofmyidea.2.—WillyougotoMary'sbirthdayparty?—No.

invited,Ican'tgo.I'llbetoobusythen.3.—Doyouthinktheweatherwillbeallrightthissummer?—No,

we'relucky.Thenewspapersaysit'llbeveryhotanyway.whileEvenifunless4.Thechiefreasonforthepopulationgrowthisn'tsomuchariseinbirthrates

afallindeathratesasaresultofimprovementsinmedicalcare.5.Tenminutesearlier,

wecouldhavecaughttheearlybus.6.Youhavefailedtwotests.You'dbetterstartworkingharder,

youwon'tpassthecourse.7.Tomoftenhastobecalledseveraltimes

hecomesdownstairsfordinner.8.

IfailedinEnglishathirdtime,Ihadnodoubtaboutmygiftforforeignlanguages.butandorbeforeUntil1.表并列關(guān)系:and,notonly...but(also)...,neither,nor,neither...nor...等詞連接的并列句,在意義上主要對(duì)前一句子作補(bǔ)充或引申,包括肯定和否定兩方面的意義。Thinkitover,andyou'llfindawayout.仔細(xì)考慮,你將發(fā)現(xiàn)一條出路。Notonlyishehimselfinterestedinthesubject,butalsohisstudentsbegantoshowinterestinit.不僅他自己對(duì)這個(gè)科目感興趣,他的學(xué)生也開始顯示出興趣。并列句2.表選擇關(guān)系:or,either...or...連接并列句表示選擇意義。Don'tdrivesofastor/otherwiseyou'llhaveanaccident.不要開那么快,否則你會(huì)出事的。3.表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系:常用的有but,yet,while等。Somemenarerich,whileothersarepoor.一些人很富有但其他人很貧窮。4.表因果關(guān)系:常用的有so,for。Itmusthaverainedlastnightforitiswetallover.昨晚一定下雨了,到處都這么濕。5.when也可用作并列連詞,其意義為“這時(shí),那時(shí)”,相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式:①sb.wasdoingsth.when...②sb.wasabouttodo/goingtodo/onthepointofdoingsth.when...③sb.hadjustdonesth.when...Wewerehavingameetingwhensomeonebrokein.我們正在開會(huì),這時(shí)突然有人闖了進(jìn)來(lái)。Wewereabouttosetoffwhenitsuddenlybegantorain.我們正打算動(dòng)身,突然下起了雨。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1.表示“一……就……”的詞或短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句這些詞或短語(yǔ)常見的有:assoonas,themoment/minute/instant,immediately/directly/instantly,hardly/scarcely...when,nosooner...than等。Youmustshowthegentlemaninimmediatelyhecomes.這位紳士一來(lái),你必須立即領(lǐng)他進(jìn)來(lái)。ThemomentIheardthevoice,Iknewfatherwascoming.我一聽到那個(gè)聲音,我就知道父親來(lái)了。Ihadhardlyansweredtheteacher'squestionwhenheinterruptedme.我還沒來(lái)得及回答老師的問題,他就打斷了我的話。2.everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime等名詞詞組引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“每當(dāng)……,每次……,下次……”。EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepainsinmyback.我每次感冒背就痛。ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.她最后一次看到詹姆士時(shí),他躺在床上。3.before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(1)before表示“還未……就……;不到……就……;……才……;還沒來(lái)得及……就……”。Thegirlhadhardlyrungthebellbeforethedoorwasopenedsuddenly,andherfriendrushedouttogreether.小女孩還沒來(lái)得及按門鈴,門就突然開了,并且她的朋友沖出來(lái)問候她。Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.趁你現(xiàn)在沒忘把它記下來(lái)。(2)Itwillbe+一段時(shí)間+before...“多久之后才……”。Johnthinksitwon'tbelongbeforeheisreadyforhisnewjob.約翰認(rèn)為他不久就會(huì)為新工作做好準(zhǔn)備了。(3)since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句since的常用句型:Itis(hasbeen)/was+一段時(shí)間+since(從句用一般過去時(shí)/過去完成時(shí))It'sthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.自戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)以來(lái)有三年了。4.until/till引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句主句為肯定句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;主句為否定句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Wewon'tstartourdiscussionuntil/tillhecomes.我們要等到他來(lái)了再開始我們的討論。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句1.通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo),從句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremainwhereshewasandwaitforhermother.這個(gè)迷路的小女孩決定待在原地等她媽媽。Today,wewillbeginwherewestoppedyesterdaysothatnopointwillbeleftout.今天我們將在昨天停止的地方開始,為的是不漏掉知識(shí)點(diǎn)。2.地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)常兼有抽象條件意味。Wherethere'sawill,there'saway.有志者事竟成。Where(ver)there'splentyofsunandrain,thefieldsaregreen.哪里陽(yáng)光雨水充足,哪里的田野就綠油油。3.where引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句直接修飾動(dòng)詞,而在定語(yǔ)從句中where作為關(guān)系副詞要跟在表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞后面。Whensolvingtheproblemasecondtime,you'dbetterbemorecarefulwhereyoumadeamistake.=

Whensolvingtheproblemasecondtime,you'dbetterbemorecarefulintheplacewhereyoumadeamistake.當(dāng)你第二次解決這個(gè)問題的時(shí)候,你要在出過差錯(cuò)的地方更加小心。條件狀語(yǔ)從句1.通常由if,unless,as(so)longas,incase(that),once等連詞引導(dǎo)。Unlesschildrenbelievetheycansucceed,theywillneverbecometotallyindependent.除非孩子們相信他們能夠成功,否則他們將永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法完全獨(dú)立。Oncetheydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.學(xué)生一旦決定上哪所大學(xué),他們就應(yīng)該了解一下入學(xué)手續(xù)。2.由oncondition(that);provided(that);providing(that);supposing(that)等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon'tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.只有不離河岸太遠(yuǎn)你才能下去游泳。Supposinganearthquakehappens,whatshouldwedo?假設(shè)地震發(fā)生,我們?cè)撛趺崔k?讓步狀語(yǔ)從句1.讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可由although,though,as,while,evenif(though),wh-ever,whether...or...,nomatterwho(when,what...)等引導(dǎo)。Althoughregularexerciseisveryimportant,it'sneveragoodideatoexercisetooclosetobedtime.盡管有規(guī)律的鍛煉是很重要的,但是在臨近就寢的時(shí)候進(jìn)行鍛煉絕不是一個(gè)好主意。Howeverseriousaproblemyoumayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.不論你的問題有多嚴(yán)重,你都應(yīng)該鼓起勇氣,接受挑戰(zhàn)。Theengineersaresobusythattheyhavezerotimeforoutdoorsportsactivities,eveniftheyhavetheinterest.工程師們很忙,即使他們對(duì)戶外活動(dòng)感興趣,他們也沒有時(shí)間。2.while作“盡管”講,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),往往放在句首。WhiletheInternetisofgreathelp,Idon'tthinkit'sagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.盡管因特網(wǎng)對(duì)我們有很大的幫助,但我認(rèn)為花太多的時(shí)間上網(wǎng)也不是一個(gè)好主意。方式狀語(yǔ)從句和原因狀語(yǔ)從句1.方式狀語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)表示主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式,常由as“像……一樣”,

asif(though)“似乎;好像”等引導(dǎo)。Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.他表現(xiàn)得好像什么也沒發(fā)生。ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,asdomanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin.我像許多住在天津鬧市區(qū)的商人一樣,每天乘坐快速列車到濱海新區(qū)上班。2.原因狀語(yǔ)從句通常由because,since,as,nowthat,seeing(that),consideringthat等引導(dǎo)。TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchairbecausehewantedtositnexttohiswife.那個(gè)老人讓Lucy去坐另一張椅子,因?yàn)樗氚ぶ拮幼?。Nowthatyouhavegrownup,youmustdoitbyyourself.既然你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了,就必須自己做這件事。ConsideringthatIhavetoldyouthreetimes,youmustknowit.鑒于我已經(jīng)告訴你三次了,你一定知道它。[點(diǎn)睛]

for后接句子時(shí),表示原因,但它是并列連詞,連接并列句。目的狀語(yǔ)從句和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句1.引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incase,lest等。(1)inorderthat與sothat兩個(gè)連詞意為“以便……;為了……”,inorderthat引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中需用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句一般不使用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Inorderthatwemightseethesunrise,westartedforthepeakearly.為了能看到日出,我們很早就出發(fā)去了山頂。(2)forfearthat與incaseTheboyhidhimselfbehindthetreeincase/forfearthathisfathershouldseehim.那個(gè)男孩藏在樹后面,以防他父親看到他。2.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有sothat,so...that...,such...that...。在非正式語(yǔ)體中,由so...that...,such...that...引導(dǎo)的句子中that可以省略,注意其結(jié)構(gòu)形式:(1)so+形容詞/副詞+that從句so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句so+many/much/few/little+名詞+that從句Heearnedsolittlemoneythathecouldn'tsupporthisfamily.他掙這么少錢以至于不能支撐家庭。(2)such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句such+形容詞+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句such+alotof/lotsof+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+that從句Mikeissuchanhonestworkerthatweallbelievehim.=

Mikeissohonestaworkerthatweallbelievehim.邁克是如此誠(chéng)實(shí)的一個(gè)工人,以至于我們都相信他。Ⅰ.高考單選對(duì)接1.(2012·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Ihadhardlygottotheoffice________mywifephonedmetogobackhomeatonce.A.when

B.thanC.until D.a(chǎn)fter解析:考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:我剛到辦公室,我妻子就打電話讓我立刻回家。本句是“hardly...when...”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“剛……就……”。答案:A2.(2012·山東高考)Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisen________therewasnothingayearagobutruins.A.when B.whereC.before D.until解析:考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意:很多高樓在一年前還是廢墟的地方出現(xiàn)了。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“在……地方”。when表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,句中已有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)ayearago,故排除;before和until都不符合句意。答案:B3.(2012·重慶高考)—Coach,canIcontinuewiththetraining?—Sorry,youcan't________youhaven'trecoveredfromthekneeinjury.A.until B.beforeC.a(chǎn)s D.unless解析:考查連詞的用法。根據(jù)句意“教練,我可以繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練嗎?”“很抱歉,不可以,因?yàn)槟愕南ドw受傷還沒有恢復(fù)過來(lái)”可知,此處應(yīng)用引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連接詞as。故選C項(xiàng)。答案:C4.(2012·上海高考)Themapisoneofthebesttoolsamanhas________hegoestoanewplace.A.whenever B.whateverC.wherever D.however解析:句意:無(wú)論你何時(shí)到達(dá)一個(gè)陌生的地方,地圖是最好的工具之一。讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中缺少狀語(yǔ)成分,根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用whenever“無(wú)論何時(shí)”。答案:A5.(2012·湖南高考)________IalwaysfeltIwouldpasstheexam,IneverthoughtIwouldgetanA.A.While B.OnceC.If D.Until解析:考查連詞。句意:盡管我一直覺得自己能通過考試,但是我從未想到會(huì)得A。由句意可知,選while,意為“盡管;雖然”;

once“一旦”;

if“如果”;until“直到”。答案:A6.(2012·陜西高考)Hot________thenightairwas,wesleptdeeplybecauseweweresotiredafterthelongjourney.A.a(chǎn)lthough B.a(chǎn)sC.while D.however解析:考查狀語(yǔ)從句的倒裝。句意:盡管夜間的空氣很熱,但我們睡得很沉,因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)途旅行之后,我們太累了。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句用倒裝語(yǔ)序,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:名詞/形容詞/副詞/動(dòng)詞+as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。although與while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,但它們不能用倒裝語(yǔ)序。答案:B7.(2012·福建高考)ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficulties______itgetsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.A.if B.unlessC.because D.since解析:考查連詞的用法。句意:對(duì)希臘政府來(lái)說,如果從歐盟得不到更多的財(cái)政支援,很難克服目前的困難。unless“除非”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,符合題意。答案:B8.(2012·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)Youhavetomoveoutoftheway________thetruckcannotgetpastyou.A.so B.orC.a(chǎn)nd D.but解析:考查并列連詞。句意:你必須讓讓路,否則那輛卡車沒法從你這過去。or“否則”,此處連接一個(gè)并列句。答案:BⅡ.高考寫作對(duì)接(Ⅰ)用狀語(yǔ)從句完成下列句子1.

(不管我什么時(shí)候遇到困難),Iturnedtoherandfinallygottheanswer.(2012·重慶書面表達(dá))2.

(如果你想同我交換這本書),pleaseleavemessagehereandIwillgetintouchwithyou.(2012·重慶書面表達(dá))Whenever/NomatterwhenImetwithdifficultiesIfyouwanttoexchangethebookwithme3.

(隨著世界逐步變成地球村),Englishisgettingmoreandmoreimportant,somasteringEnglishmeanswecanseetheworldthroughanewwindow.(2012·四川書面表達(dá))Astheworldisbecomingaglobalvillage(Ⅱ)用并列句或狀語(yǔ)從句翻譯下列句子1.父母希望我在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)科學(xué),因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為作為理科學(xué)生的我會(huì)有更好的未來(lái)。(2012·安徽書面表達(dá))______________________________________________________________________________________________________MyparentswishmetostudyscienceatcollegebecausetheybelieveIwillhaveabrighterfutureasasciencestudent.2.隨著教師節(jié)的來(lái)臨,我們班決定今年做一下改變,舉辦一次聚會(huì)來(lái)慶祝這一重要節(jié)日。(2012·陜西書面表達(dá))_________________________________________________________________________________________________________AsTeachers'Daywasapproaching,ourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantdayforachangethisyear.Ⅲ.高考閱讀對(duì)接(Ⅰ) 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空不管養(yǎng)蜂人什么時(shí)候從蜂房中取蜜,它們(蜂鳥)都會(huì)很快到來(lái);當(dāng)教堂里的蜂蠟蠟燭點(diǎn)燃時(shí),它們也會(huì)進(jìn)來(lái)。

(2012·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷閱讀B)Theywillquicklyarrive

abeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives,

willevenenterchurches

beeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.wheneverandwhen(Ⅱ)分析下列句子并翻譯1.Ifyouareinvolvedinanaccident,youarerequiredtoofferappropriateaid,calltheDepartmentofPublicSafetyandremainatthesceneuntiltheofficerletsyougo.(2012·天津閱讀A)[句式分析]

if引導(dǎo)的為

從句;you為主句的主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為arerequired;until引導(dǎo)的為

從句。[嘗試翻譯]

____________________________________________________________________________________條件狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

如果你遇到事故,你需要提供適當(dāng)?shù)脑螂娫捊o公共安全部門并留在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直到警官讓你走。2.Twofriendshaveanargumentthatbreaksuptheirfriendshipforever,eventhoughneitheronecanrememberhowthewholethinggotstarted.(2012·浙江閱讀C)[句式分析]

eventhough引導(dǎo)的為

從句;thatbreaksuptheirfriendshipforever為

從句修飾argument。[嘗試翻譯]

___________________________________________________________________兩個(gè)朋友的吵架使他們永遠(yuǎn)地分手,雖然誰(shuí)也記不起這一切是怎么開始的。讓步狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)1.________youknowyourpotential,youhavetorelyonmanyotherpeopletogettowhereyouare.A.Since

B.IfC.While D.Once解析:句意:一旦你知道了你的潛力,你不得不依賴很多其他人來(lái)達(dá)到你想要達(dá)到的高度。once“一旦”,引導(dǎo)暗含條件意味的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,符合題意。since“自從;既然”;if“如果”;while“盡管”。答案:D2.Weknowitishardtomakesuchadecision________hehasjustbuiltuptheteamforayearandtheprojectisgoingthroughtheimportantstagenow.解析:句意:我們知道做這樣的決定很困難,因?yàn)樗⑵疬@個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)一年了,而且這個(gè)項(xiàng)目現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了重要的階段。由題意可知,前后表示因果關(guān)系,故用as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。若選A,that與前邊的such一起引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,但與題意不符;when,before常引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。A.that B.a(chǎn)sC.when D.before答案:B3.Wewillnevergivein,________theymightdoorsayaboutourplan.解析:句意:不管他們對(duì)我們的計(jì)劃做什么或說什么,我們都不會(huì)屈服。whatever引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,并在從句中作賓語(yǔ),符合題意。A項(xiàng)若改為nomatterwhat也對(duì);how和although都不能在狀語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)。A.nomatterhow B.howC.whatever D.a(chǎn)lthough答案:C4.—Haveyougotanyideaforthesummerholiday?—Idon'tmindwherewego________wecanenjoyourselves.解析:句意:“這個(gè)暑假你有什么計(jì)劃?”“我不介意去哪里,只要我們玩得開心就好。”aslongas“只要”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,符合題意。asif“好像”;inorderthat“為了”;nowthat“既然”。A.a(chǎn)sif B.inorderthatC.nowthat D.a(chǎn)slongas答案:D5.—Thedriverwasbadlyhurtintheaccidentandhebledtoomuch.—Yes.Tenminuteslate________hewouldhavedied.A.but B.orC.so D.a(chǎn)nd解析:句意:“在事故中,這個(gè)司機(jī)受傷嚴(yán)重,流了太多血。”“是啊。再遲十分鐘,他就沒命了。”本題考查連詞的用法。and表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系;but表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;or表選擇關(guān)系;so表因果關(guān)系。根據(jù)句意可知,正確答案為D。答案:D6.Youmaykeepthebookafurtherweek________nooneelserequiresit.A.until B.beforeC.if D.unless解析:句意:如果沒有人需要這本書的話,你就可以再借閱一個(gè)星期。if“如果”,引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句,符合題意。until“直到……”;before“在……之前”;unless“除非”。答案:C7.IwasmuchimpressedbygreatchangesandfastpaceoflifeinShanghai________Icametovisitthisfantasticcity.A.a(chǎn)tthefirsttime B.forthefirsttimeC.bythefirsttime D.thefirsttime解析:句意:我第一次到達(dá)美麗的上海時(shí),它的巨大變化和快速的生活節(jié)奏就給我留下了深刻的印象。thefirsttime“第一次……”,可作連詞,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,符合題意。atthefirsttime和forthefirsttime不能作連詞用;bythefirsttime“到第一次……”。答案:D8.Heissuchasoundsleeper________youcan'twakehimupevenifyouremovethebed.A.until B.thatC.because D.a(chǎn)s解析:句意:他睡覺很沉,即使把床搬走也叫不醒他。such...that...“如此……以至……”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,符合題意。until“直到”,表示時(shí)間;because表示原因;as表示時(shí)間、原因或讓步。答案:B9.(2013·湖南師大附中模擬)Don'tpromiseanything________youare100percentsure.A.since B.a(chǎn)fterC.if D.unless解析:句意:除非你有百分之百的把握,否則不要承諾任何事情。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知應(yīng)用unless,表示“除非……”。故選D項(xiàng)。答案:D10.(2013·江蘇靖江中學(xué)模擬)________youhaveahealthydiet,youcanreduceitsbenefitsbybadeatinghabits.A.Justas B.IncaseC.Evenif D.Nowthat解析:句意:即使你有健康的飲食,但是不好的飲食習(xí)慣會(huì)讓它的益處打折。由語(yǔ)意可知選Evenif“盡管,即使”。答案:C11.(2012·湖南六校聯(lián)考)________wehaverealizedthedangerofover-consumption,somemeasuresshouldbetakenassoonaspossible.A.Nowthat B.AslongasC.Inorderthat D.Evenif解析:句意:既然我們已經(jīng)意識(shí)到過度消費(fèi)的危害,就應(yīng)該盡快采取一些措施。nowthat“既然,由于”。答案:A12.(2012·皖北協(xié)作區(qū)高三聯(lián)考)________theinternationalsituationexperiencesgreatchanges,ChinaandtheUShavemorecommoninterestsandshouldermorecommonresponsibilities.A.As B.ForC.Until D.However解析:句意:隨著國(guó)際形勢(shì)經(jīng)歷巨大變化,中國(guó)與美國(guó)有了更多的共同利益并肩負(fù)著更多的共同責(zé)任。as在此處表示“隨著,當(dāng)……時(shí)”

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